CN110731533B - Tobacco stem expansion shredding process - Google Patents
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- CN110731533B CN110731533B CN201811183728.7A CN201811183728A CN110731533B CN 110731533 B CN110731533 B CN 110731533B CN 201811183728 A CN201811183728 A CN 201811183728A CN 110731533 B CN110731533 B CN 110731533B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B5/00—Stripping tobacco; Treatment of stems or ribs
- A24B5/16—Other treatment of stems or ribs, e.g. bending, chopping, incising
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tobacco stem shredding processes, and particularly discloses a tobacco stem expansion shredding process, which comprises the following steps: screening and winnowing of tobacco stems to remove impurities, expanding the tobacco stems, shaping the expanded tobacco stems and preparing tobacco stems into shreds, wherein the tobacco stems are required to be subjected to temperature raising treatment before expansion. The warming treatment process comprises the following steps: (1) a first temperature rise stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, wherein the temperature of tobacco stem is 25-35 deg.C; (2) a first constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 8-10 min; (3) a second temperature increasing stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 35-45 deg.C; (4) and a second constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 6-8 min. The expanded tobacco stem prepared by the process has the advantages of uniform expansion, no carbonization phenomenon and high filling value of cut stems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco stem shredding, and particularly relates to a tobacco stem expansion shredding process.
Background
The tobacco stems are important components of tobacco leaves, and after the tobacco stems are separated from the tobacco leaves, the tobacco stems which account for about 25 percent of the total weight of the tobacco leaves can be prepared. The stem is tough and has the function of transporting nutrients and water during the cultivation and growth process of tobacco, so that the chemical components of the stem are basically the same as those of the leaf, but the effective content of the stem is not as good as that of the leaf. The tobacco stem shred has low filling value, less fragrance during burning, mild smell, less irritation and strength, heavy impurity gas, especially heavy wood impurity gas. If the tobacco stems can be reasonably processed into cut stems or expanded particles with high filling rate and added into cigarette products, the tobacco raw materials can be more fully utilized, the cigarette varieties are enriched on the premise of not enlarging the tobacco planting scale, and the cigarette yield is improved.
The existing tobacco stem processing technology is divided into two categories, one is cutting and then expanding, and the other is expanding and then cutting or granulating. The process of cutting and expanding firstly is represented by LEGG, HAUNI and COMAS, the flow is approximately 'moistening and storing stem-cut stem shred-heating and humidifying-expansion and drying-cut stem shred', the process can only use the tobacco stems with larger diameter and longer length, the utilization rate of raw materials is low, the filling value of the obtained stem shred is low, the crushing rate is high, the energy consumption is high, the ligneous miscellaneous gas is heavy, and the requirement for updating the cigarette manufacturing technology is difficult to meet. The process of 'puffing before cutting or granulating' is a kind of process which is started in the last decade, comprises relatively mature ESS process abroad and microwave expansion process which is researched more in China, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of raw material utilization rate, quality after treatment and the like compared with the traditional cut-before-puffing cut stem preparation technology. Researches show that the green miscellaneous gas in the original cut stems can be effectively reduced by performing microwave expansion treatment on the tobacco stems, the taste of the cut stems is improved, and the expansion rate of the cut stems is improved. Application No.: 201110132050.1, it proposes a method for processing the cut stem of tobacco stalk, which is to expand the tobacco stalk, then cut the expanded tobacco stalk into pieces and cut into cut stems.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a tobacco stem shredding process to solve the problems of easy carbonization and uneven expansion in the tobacco stem expansion process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a tobacco stem expansion and shredding process, which comprises the following steps: the tobacco stem processing method comprises the steps of screening and winnowing impurity removal of tobacco stems, tobacco stem expansion, expanded tobacco stem shaping and tobacco stem shredding, wherein pretreatment is needed to be carried out on the tobacco stems before the tobacco stems are expanded, and the pretreatment is to carry out temperature increasing treatment on the tobacco stems.
In the scheme, as the mature fresh tobacco stem cells contain a large amount of moisture, most of the moisture is discharged after harvesting, modulation and storage, so that the cell structure of the tobacco stem is greatly contracted, and the effective volume of the tobacco stem is reduced. The expansion treatment of the tobacco stems can restore the cell structure of the tobacco stems to or close to the volume of fresh tobacco stems. But before the tobacco stems are expanded, the moisture inside the tobacco stems is often unevenly distributed, so that the tobacco stems are unevenly expanded after being expanded, thereby affecting the quality of the cut stems and the filling value of the cut stems, in order to solve the problem, the moisture content is uniformly permeated into the tobacco stem cells by carrying out moisture regaining treatment on the tobacco stems before the tobacco stems are expanded in the existing tobacco stem expansion process, but the moisture content of the tobacco stems is not well controlled in the process of moisture regain treatment, when the moisture content of the tobacco stems is lower, the tobacco stems are easy to generate serious carbonization in the process of expansion, when the moisture content is too high, because the water evaporation needs to consume heat, and because the inside of the expanded tobacco stem shell is not shaped due to high water content, secondary shrinkage can occur, therefore, the expansion rate of the tobacco stems is reduced, and the subsequent tobacco stem expansion time is prolonged and the carbonization probability of the tobacco stems is increased due to excessive moisture in the tobacco stems after the tobacco stems are subjected to moisture regaining treatment. The inventor finds that the tobacco stems are subjected to warming treatment before expansion, so that the mutual permeation of moisture among tobacco stem cells can be promoted, and the moisture absorption on the surfaces of the tobacco stems can be promoted, so that the moisture content of the tobacco stems is improved, the uniformity of the moisture distribution among the tobacco stem cells is promoted, the flexibility of the tobacco stems is improved, the expansion effect of the tobacco stems subjected to the expansion treatment is more uniform, and the quality of cut stems and the filling value of cut stems are effectively improved.
On the other hand, microwave expansion is mostly adopted in the existing tobacco stem expansion, when the temperature of the tobacco stem is low, the microwave expansion is carried out, the microwave absorption capacity of the tobacco stem is reduced due to low temperature, a large amount of microwave energy is consumed in the temperature rising process of the tobacco stem, the time of the expansion process is prolonged, the rapid expansion is not facilitated, the material can be promoted to absorb the microwave by carrying out temperature rising treatment before the expansion, the subsequent tobacco stem expansion efficiency is greatly improved, the tobacco stem expansion time is shortened, and the carbonization condition caused by overlong tobacco stem expansion time is reduced. And in the temperature increasing treatment, additional temperature increasing treatment equipment is not needed, and the temperature increase can be realized in a feeding machine or a pipeline.
Preferably, a screw conveyer with a heat-insulating jacket is adopted to convey the materials.
Further, the warming treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) a first temperature rise stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, wherein the temperature of tobacco stem is 25-35 deg.C;
(2) a first constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 8-10 min;
(3) a second temperature rising stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 35-45 deg.C;
(4) and a second constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 6-8 min.
According to the scheme, the tobacco stems are subjected to warming treatment to increase the moisture permeation in the tobacco stems, so that the moisture distribution uniformity in the tobacco stems is improved, and the tobacco stems are uniformly puffed. The inventor finds that the moisture in the tobacco stems can be better and uniformly distributed by carrying out step-type heating treatment on the tobacco stems, and the tobacco stem puffing effect is improved. When the tobacco stems are heated to 5-10 ℃, the temperature of the tobacco stems reaches 25-35 ℃ and is maintained for 6-10min, the moisture movement on the surfaces of the tobacco stems is accelerated, and the moisture on the surfaces of the tobacco stems longitudinally penetrates into the tobacco stem cells with less moisture content (high cytoplasmic concentration), so that the moisture content in the tobacco stems is increased, and the temperature at the moment is not enough to destroy the Van der Waals force among water molecules so that the tobacco stems transversely penetrate into other tobacco stem cells; when the tobacco stem temperature is continuously increased for 5-10min, the tobacco stem temperature reaches 35-45 ℃ and is maintained for 6-8min, the movement speed of water molecules in tobacco stem cells is increased, and Van der Waals force among the water molecules is damaged, so that the water in the tobacco stem cells transversely permeates, and the water distribution in the tobacco stem cells is more uniform. However, if a step temperature raising mode is not adopted, the temperature is directly raised to the target temperature, water molecules in tobacco stem cells move violently and the water in the tobacco stem cells is distributed uniformly, but the water on the surface of the tobacco stem is not yet permeated into the tobacco stem cells completely, the cytoplasm concentration of the tobacco stem cells is basically consistent, and the permeation effect of the water on the surface of the tobacco stem to the tobacco stem is not obvious enough, so that the content of the water on the surface of the tobacco stem entering the tobacco stem cells is reduced, the longitudinal permeation efficiency is reduced, the water content of the tobacco stem is directly reflected that the water content of the tobacco stem is not obviously increased, and the carbonization condition also occurs in the subsequent expansion process.
Preferably, the warming treatment process comprises:
(1) a first temperature rise stage: heating tobacco stem to 8-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 30-35 deg.C;
(2) a first constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 8-10 min;
(3) a second temperature rising stage: heating tobacco stem to 8-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 40-45 deg.C;
(4) and a second constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 6-8 min.
Further, the tobacco stem expansion is microwave heating expansion under a vacuum condition, the microwave output power is 30-300kW, and the vacuum degree is 75-95 kpa;
preferably, the microwave output power is 200-300kW, and the vacuum degree is 80-90 kpa.
According to the scheme, the tobacco stems are subjected to microwave expansion treatment, so that green miscellaneous gas in original cut stems can be effectively reduced, the smoking taste of the cut stems is improved, and the expansion rate of the cut stems is improved. When the vacuum degree is more than 75kpa, the boiling point of water is lower than 80 ℃, so that the temperature required by the expansion of the tobacco stems is greatly reduced, and the problem that the tobacco stems are easy to carbonize under a high-temperature condition is effectively solved. To make the expansion more efficient, microwaves of different output powers may be used at different times. In the initial stage of expansion, the water content of the tobacco stems is large, most of water in the tobacco stems can be quickly removed by adopting high-power microwaves, and then the microwave frequency is reduced to remove residual water, so that the phenomenon of tobacco stem retraction can be effectively reduced.
Preferably, a screw conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket is adopted to convey the materials, and tubular microwave equipment is adopted to perform microwave heating expansion, wherein the microwave expansion frequency is 2450 MHz. And the feeding device in the microwave expansion process is sealed, so that the vacuum degree of the system is not lower than 75 kpa. The sealing feeding device can be of a double-gate structure, and the vacuumizing device adopts a water ring vacuum pump, so that other damages to equipment caused by dust can be effectively prevented.
Further, the tobacco stem expansion time is 2-6min, and the tobacco stem expansion temperature is 60-100 ℃;
preferably, the tobacco stem expansion time is 3-4min, and the expansion temperature is 70-80 ℃.
According to the scheme, the heating pretreatment is carried out before the tobacco stems are expanded, so that the expansion time of the tobacco stems is greatly shortened, and the carbonization condition of the tobacco stems caused by overlong expansion time is effectively reduced. In addition, the tobacco stem is expanded by microwave heating, when the vacuum degree is more than 75kpa, the boiling point of water is lower than 80 ℃, so that the expansion temperature is set as the standard that the water in the tobacco stem can be evaporated. The tobacco stem expansion is carried out at the temperature, so that the problem that the tobacco stems are easy to carbonize at high temperature is further reduced.
Further, the moisture content of the tobacco stems is controlled to be 1.5-3.5% in the tobacco stem expansion process;
preferably, the moisture content of the tobacco stems is controlled to be 2-3% in the tobacco stem expansion process.
In the scheme, moisture in the tobacco stem cells is gasified in the tobacco stem expansion process, the capacity generated in the tobacco stem cell gasification process enables the tobacco stem cells to recover or approach to recover the volume of fresh tobacco stems, and the expansion rate of the tobacco stems subjected to microwave expansion can reach over 200%. The moisture content of the tobacco stems after the expansion of the tobacco stems indicates the degree of the deformation recovery of the tobacco stem cells, in the prior art, the moisture content of the tobacco stems after the expansion is usually more than 5%, and the moisture content of the tobacco stems after the expansion process is greatly reduced, so that the tobacco stem cells are closer to the cell size of fresh tobacco stems after the method is used. In addition, the moisture content of the expanded tobacco stems is small, and the mildew of the expanded tobacco stems in the storage process can be reduced.
Further, the expanded tobacco stems are shaped by natural cooling in a closed space with a heat preservation function.
In the scheme, the microwave-treated tobacco stems have high expansion rate and porosity, so that the volume change phenomenon is easy to occur, and the expanded tobacco stems are easy to retract after being rapidly cooled to room temperature after the expansion of the tobacco stems is finished, so that the physical characteristics of products are influenced. Therefore, the retraction phenomenon caused by rapid cooling can be effectively reduced by natural cooling under the heat preservation condition; in addition, the cooling in the closed space can slow down the cooling speed of the expanded tobacco stems on the one hand.
Preferably, the expanded tobacco stems are naturally cooled and shaped through a closed belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor has a heat preservation function and can effectively reduce the retraction phenomenon caused by rapid cooling.
Further, the water content of the shaped expanded tobacco stems is 28-30%.
In the scheme, the moisture content of the tobacco stems after expansion treatment is low, so that the subsequent processing requirements are not facilitated, and the moisture content of the expanded tobacco stems needs to be increased. The cell volume can be expanded to a certain extent by increasing the water content of the expanded tobacco stems, so that the flexibility and the processing resistance of the expanded tobacco stems are improved, and the breakage and the ash loss of post-processing (shredding) are reduced. The moisture content of the expanded tobacco stems is controlled to be 28-30%, the phenomenon that the tobacco stems are too large or too small is avoided, when the moisture content is less than 28, the tobacco stems have poor swelling effect and poor softness, and when the moisture content is more than 30%, the moisture content on the surfaces of the tobacco stems is too much, so that the shredding quality is influenced. Preferably, the moisture is regained to 28-30% by passing through a roller with one or two stages.
Further, storing the shaped tobacco stems for 2-24 h.
In the scheme, the expanded tobacco stems are usually stored for a period of time after expansion treatment, so that the expanded tissue structure reaches a stable state, if the stem storage time is too short, moisture is difficult to permeate into the tissue cells of the tobacco stems in a short time, and the longer the stem storage time is, the better the expansion effect of the tobacco stems is.
Further, the filling value of the tobacco stems after the tobacco stem shredding treatment is 6.5cm 3/g.
Further, the tobacco stem expansion and shredding process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) screening the incoming tobacco stems, and screening out stems which do not conform to the specification and broken stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5 mm. Removing the crushed dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment, and leaving the tobacco stems which meet the cigarette process specification;
(2) conveying the tobacco stems subjected to air separation and impurity removal by adopting a spiral conveyor with a heat-insulating jacket, heating the materials in the spiral conveyor to 10-20 ℃, and discharging at the temperature of 30-40 ℃;
(3) the tobacco stems subjected to preliminary temperature rise enter vacuum tobacco stem microwave expansion equipment for microwave expansion of the tobacco stems, and a sealed feeding device is adopted at an inlet and an outlet of the microwave equipment to ensure that the vacuum degree of a system is 75-95 kpa;
(4) naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 28-30% by a first-stage or two-stage roller, and balancing the moisture of the tobacco stems in a storage cabinet for 2-24 h;
(5) the expanded tobacco stems are added into corresponding products after being processed by stem slice or stem shred cutting.
After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the existing microwave expansion process for tobacco stems, the process flow is simple, the incoming tobacco stems are directly expanded, the heating and humidifying processes are reduced, and the process equipment is greatly reduced.
(2) The process adopts a vacuum technology, greatly reduces the carbonization problem of microwave tobacco stems by sectional heating treatment, and also improves the expansion uniformity of the tobacco stems.
(3) The vacuum microwave expansion heating process is adopted, the boiling point of water is reduced, the expansion treatment can be carried out at a lower temperature, and the carbonization problem of tobacco stems is further reduced.
Detailed Description
The stem expansion and shredding process of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments given herein, but only to better understand the technical solution of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket, wherein the tobacco stems are heated by 6 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the tobacco stems is 28 ℃, and the tobacco stems are continuously heated by 8 ℃ after being maintained for 8min to ensure that the temperature of the tobacco stems is 40 ℃ and is maintained for 8 min; feeding the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 200kW, the system vacuum degree is 80kpa, the expansion temperature is 80 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 3% after the expansion time is 3 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 28% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 12h in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket for pretreatment, wherein the temperature of the tobacco stems is increased by 10 ℃ to enable the temperature of the tobacco stems to be 35 ℃, the temperature is continuously increased by 10 ℃ after the temperature is maintained for 9min, and the temperature of the tobacco stems is maintained for 8min to be 45 ℃; feeding the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 300kW, the system vacuum degree is 95kpa, the expansion temperature is 60 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 3.5% after the expansion time is 2 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 30% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 10 hours in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket, wherein the tobacco stems are heated by 5 ℃ to 25 ℃ and then continuously heated by 9 ℃ after being maintained for 10min, so that the temperature of the tobacco stems is 35 ℃ and maintained for 7 min; feeding the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 30kW, the system vacuum degree is 76kpa, the expansion temperature is 100 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 2% after the expansion time is 6 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 29% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 6h in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket for pretreatment, wherein the temperature of the tobacco stems is increased by 7 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the tobacco stems is 32 ℃, the temperature is continuously increased by 5 ℃ after the temperature is maintained for 9min, and the temperature of the tobacco stems is maintained for 6 min; feeding the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 150kW, the system vacuum degree is 83kpa, the expansion temperature is 70 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 1.5% after the expansion time is 5 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 30% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 2h in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Example 5
The method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket for pretreatment, wherein the temperature of the tobacco stems is increased by 8.5 ℃ to 34 ℃ firstly, the temperature is continuously increased by 7 ℃ after the temperature is maintained for 9min, and the temperature of the tobacco stems is maintained for 7min to 35 ℃; feeding the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 250kW, the system vacuum degree is 90kpa, the expansion temperature is 90 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 3% after the expansion time is 4 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 30% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 8 hours in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is basically the same as the step of the example 1, except that the temperature raising treatment is not carried out before the tobacco stem is expanded, but a tobacco stem moisture regaining step is added, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Moisture regaining treatment is carried out on qualified tobacco stems to enable the moisture content of the tobacco stems to be 20%, the tobacco stems subjected to temperature rise are sent into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment to be subjected to tobacco stem microwave expansion, the microwave output power is 200kW, the system vacuum degree is 80kpa, the expansion temperature is 80 ℃, and the moisture content of the expanded tobacco stems is 4% after the expansion time is 8 min; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 30% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 12h in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example uses the application number: 201110132050.1, the tobacco stems are treated in the manner disclosed.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is basically the same as example 1 except that the temperature is directly increased to the target temperature without using a stepwise temperature increasing method, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of screening out corners and crushed stems with the length less than 10mm and the diameter less than 2.5mm from the tobacco stems, and then removing the crushed powder and dust in the tobacco stems by adopting air separation impurity removal equipment to leave the tobacco stems meeting the specification. Heating tobacco stems meeting the specification in a spiral conveyor with a heat-preservation jacket, heating the tobacco stems by 14 ℃ at 40 ℃, then sending the heated tobacco stems into vacuum tobacco stem expansion equipment for tobacco stem microwave expansion, wherein the microwave output power is 200kW, the system vacuum degree is 80kpa, the expansion temperature is 80 ℃, and the water content of the expanded tobacco stems is 5% after 5min of expansion; naturally cooling and shaping the expanded tobacco stems by a closed belt conveyor, and then dampening the shaped tobacco stems to 25% by a primary roller, wherein the moisture of the dampened tobacco stems is balanced for 12h in a storage cabinet; and (3) slicing or shredding the expanded tobacco stems after storage and mixing the cut tobacco stems into corresponding products.
Examples of the experiments
The cut rolled stems obtained in examples 1 to 5 were compared with the cut rolled stems obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 with respect to the quality and filling value of the cut rolled stems, the results of the comparison being shown in table 1:
table 1:
| degree of carbonization | Cut stem filling value (cm)3/g) | |
| Example 1 | No carbonization phenomenon | 6.63 |
| Example 2 | No carbonization phenomenon | 6.89 |
| Example 3 | No carbonization phenomenon | 7.32 |
| Example 4 | No carbonization phenomenon | 7.42 |
| Example 5 | No carbonization phenomenon | 7.21 |
| Comparative example 1 | With a small amount of carbonization | 5.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | With a large amount of carbonization | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | With a small amount of carbonization | 6.0 |
As can be seen from Table 1 above, the stems of examples 1-5 were not carbonized, and the stems of comparative examples 1-3 were carbonized to different degrees. In the cut stem filling value, the tobacco stem filling value of the embodiment 1-5 is higher than that of the comparative example 1-3, so that the tobacco stem expansion process of the invention can obtain expanded tobacco stems which are not easy to carbonize and have high filling rate.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tobacco stem expansion and shredding process is characterized by comprising the following steps: screening and winnowing impurity removal of tobacco stems, tobacco stem expansion, expanded tobacco stem shaping and tobacco stem shredding, wherein the tobacco stems need to be pretreated before expansion, and the pretreatment is to heat the tobacco stems;
the tobacco stem expansion is microwave heating expansion under a vacuum condition, the microwave output power is 30-300kW, and the vacuum degree is 75-95 kpa;
the expanded tobacco stems are shaped by natural cooling in a closed space with a heat preservation function;
the warming treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) a first temperature rise stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, wherein the temperature of tobacco stem is 25-35 deg.C;
(2) a first constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 8-10 min;
(3) a second temperature rising stage: heating tobacco stem to 5-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 35-45 deg.C;
(4) and a second constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 6-8 min.
2. The tobacco stem expansion and tobacco shred manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature increasing treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) a first temperature rise stage: heating tobacco stem to 8-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 30-35 deg.C;
(2) a first constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 8-10 min;
(3) a second temperature rising stage: heating tobacco stem to 8-10 deg.C, at which time the temperature of tobacco stem is 40-45 deg.C;
(4) and a second constant temperature stage: maintaining the tobacco stem temperature for 6-8 min.
3. The tobacco stem expansion and tobacco shred manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the microwave output power is 200-300kW, and the vacuum degree is 80-90 kpa.
4. The tobacco stem expansion and tobacco shred manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco stem expansion time is 2-6min, and the tobacco stem expansion temperature is 60-100 ℃.
5. The tobacco stem expansion and shredding process according to claim 4, wherein the tobacco stem expansion time is 3-4min, and the expansion temperature is 70-80 ℃.
6. The tobacco stem expansion and tobacco shred manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco stems is controlled to be 1.5-3.5% in the tobacco stem expansion process.
7. The tobacco stem expansion and tobacco shred manufacturing process according to claim 6, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco stems is controlled to be 2-3% in the tobacco stem expansion process.
8. The tobacco stem expansion and shredding process according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the shaped expanded tobacco stems is 28-30%.
9. The tobacco stem expansion and shredding process according to claim 8, wherein the shaped tobacco stems are stored for 2-24 hours.
10. The tobacco stem expansion and shredding process according to claim 1, wherein the filling value of the expanded tobacco stems after shredding treatment is more than or equal to 6.5cm3/g。
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