CN110724862A - Preparation process of aluminum alloy section for ship - Google Patents
Preparation process of aluminum alloy section for ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN110724862A CN110724862A CN201911014816.9A CN201911014816A CN110724862A CN 110724862 A CN110724862 A CN 110724862A CN 201911014816 A CN201911014816 A CN 201911014816A CN 110724862 A CN110724862 A CN 110724862A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of an aluminum alloy section for ships, which relates to the technical field of material processing and mainly comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting, casting, homogenizing heat treatment, machining treatment, ingot heating, die heating, extrusion barrel heating, extrusion production and stretching. In the preparation process, the components of the aluminum alloy melt are optimized on the basis of the original preparation process, a basis is provided for subsequent processes, a specific extrusion production process and a specific stretching process are developed, parameters of the extrusion production process are optimized, and the stretching force in the stretching process is strictly limited, so that the processing hardening is realized, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the alloy section are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation process of an aluminum alloy section for ships.
Background
The aluminum alloy for the ship is represented by a high-magnesium aluminum alloy material, and is widely applied to the traffic and transportation fields of ship ocean engineering equipment and the like. Compared with steel, the aluminum alloy for the ocean engineering equipment has the advantages that: low density, corrosion resistance, no magnetism, good low-temperature environment performance and the like. Therefore, in the marine transportation industry of ships, energy conservation and emission reduction are greatly facilitated, and aluminum is used for replacing steel.
The existing method for extruding the 5-series aluminum alloy section for the ships in industrial production mainly comprises the following steps: proportioning, smelting, casting, soaking, ingot casting heating, die heating, extrusion barrel heating, extrusion production, online cooling and stretching and straightening.
The existing extrusion production process has the following technical defects: in the conventional industrial production, the quality of a casting round ingot is poor, a general 5-series aluminum alloy extruded section mainly comprises an F state, an H112 state, an H111 state and an O state, the strength is generally low, the related documents and standards of section products such as BS EN755 aluminum and aluminum alloy plates, pipes and section mechanical properties, GB/T6892 general industrial aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded sections and the like rarely have high-strength alloy states such as H22/H32/H24/H34/H26/H36 and the like, the strength of the plate products has a high-strength state, the section and the plate are frequently welded together for use in the construction of the industries such as ships and the like, and the section is partially in a disadvantaged area due to low strength of the section, so that the application and popularization of the section are severely limited, and the requirement for the high-strength 5-series aluminum alloy section is difficult to meet for the marine transportation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a preparation process of an aluminum alloy section for ships, which is used for preparing the aluminum alloy section for ship ocean transportation with high strength and good corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of an aluminum alloy profile for ships comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: 3.2 to 6.7 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 1.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
s2, smelting and casting: smelting and casting according to the ingredients to cast a round ingot;
s3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot;
s4, machining: machining the cast ingot;
s5, ingot casting heating: the temperature difference between the head and the tail of the single section of ingot is controlled between 5 ℃ and 50 ℃ by adopting a gradient heating method, and the heating temperature of the ingot in a heating furnace is controlled at 440 ℃ and 510 ℃;
s6, heating the die: heating the mould in a heating furnace to the temperature of 460-520 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-40 h;
s7, heating the extrusion container: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled at 430-490 ℃;
s8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the mold are heated, extruding the upper mold after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature, wherein the temperature of the material at an extrusion outlet is 400-; carrying out on-line quick cooling after extrusion;
s9, stretching: tensile force F ═ Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and 1.02-1.18 is taken as Kr;
denotes multiplication.
Further, in step S2, the melting temperature is 750-.
Further, in step S2, multi-stage degassing treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy melt, and the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl.
Further, in step S2, a 30ppi or 40ppi filter plate is selected to filter the aluminum melt.
Further, in step S2, semi-continuous casting is used for production.
Further, in step S3, the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 450-540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-25h, the heating rate is 30-70 ℃/h, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, in step S4, the ingot is sawed and lathed during the machining, and the diameter of the ingot is machined
300-600mm and 500-2000 mm.
Further, in the continuous extrusion production of the multi-section cast ingots, different cast ingots are heated by adopting a temperature gradient, and the heating temperature of the round bar cast ingot is gradually reduced along with the extrusion production.
Further, in step S8, the rapid cooling mode is one or more of air cooling, strong wind, water mist cooling, and strong water cooling.
Further, after step S9, a finish sawing is performed.
The invention develops a specific extrusion production process and a specific stretching process by optimizing the components of the aluminum alloy melt to improve the strength and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy section for marine engineering of ships. In the preparation process, the components of the aluminum alloy melt are optimized on the basis of the original preparation process, a basis is provided for subsequent processes, a specific extrusion production process and a specific stretching process are developed, parameters of the extrusion production process are optimized, and the stretching force in the stretching process is strictly limited, so that the processing hardening is realized, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the alloy section are improved.
The invention has the following effects:
firstly, alloy components are optimized, the performance of the section is improved, and meanwhile, the control and implementation of process parameters in the later process are ensured;
secondly, the ingot casting temperature gradient heating and the heating temperatures of the die and the extrusion cylinder are designed, so that the stability of the extrusion process and the comprehensive performance of the section bar are ensured;
thirdly, the temperature of the extruded material is controlled to ensure the dissolution and precipitation of the aluminum-magnesium phase so as to obtain excellent corrosion resistance;
and fourthly, the strength of the high-magnesium aluminum alloy section is improved by designing a drawing and hardening process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic image of a product of the process obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic image of a product of a process obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic image of a product of a process obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the gold phase of the product of the process obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment provides a process for preparing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship, which includes the following steps:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: 4.08% of Mg, 0.53% of Mn, 0.11% of Zn, 0.07% of Cu, 0.26% of Fe, 0.22% of Si, 0.19% of Cr, 0.08% of Ti, no more than 0.05% of single impurities in other impurities, no more than 0.15% of total impurities and the balance of Al, and belongs to a 5086-grade aluminum alloy. The composition of the components of the preferred embodiment are shown in the corresponding examples in table 1.
S2, smelting and casting: smelting, refining and casting are carried out in sequence according to the ingredients to cast the round ingot.
Wherein the smelting temperature is 770-800 ℃, the refining temperature is 720-735 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 2 h. The aluminum alloy melt is subjected to multistage degassing treatment to obviously reduce the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt and reduce casting defects such as pores, looseness and the like in an aluminum alloy slab ingot, and the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl. And (3) filtering the aluminum melt by selecting a 30ppi filter plate to remove oxides, non-metallic inclusions and other harmful metal impurities in the aluminum melt so as to reduce casting defects such as slag inclusion in the ingot, remove impurities, and produce the ingot by semi-continuous casting after degassing is finished, wherein the casting temperature is 710-720 ℃, and round ingots with the diameter of 396mm are cast.
S3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 450 ℃, the heat preservation time is 25h, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h, and then cooling to the room temperature.
S4, machining: machining the ingot, sawing, turning, and cutting And (5) specification.
S5, ingot casting heating: and heating the round ingot after the homogenization heat treatment in a heating furnace, wherein the ingot is divided into a plurality of sections, the temperature of the first section of ingot is controlled to be 490-510 ℃, the temperature of the head is 510 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 500 ℃, the temperature of the tail is 490 ℃, the temperature of the second section of ingot is controlled to be 470-490 ℃, the temperature of the head is 490 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 480 ℃, the temperature of the tail is 470 ℃, the temperature of the third section of ingot is controlled to be 460-480 ℃, the temperature of the head is 480 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 470 ℃, the temperature of the tail is 460.
S6, heating the die: the mould is heated to 520 ℃ in a heating furnace and is kept warm for 3 h.
S7, heating the extrusion container: the extruder barrel temperature was controlled at 490 ℃.
S8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the die are heated, the upper die is extruded after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature of 500 and 510 ℃, and the bar with the diameter of 50mm is extruded out. And after extrusion, rapidly cooling the extruded section on line, and rapidly cooling the extruded section to room temperature by using water mist and strong wind to control most of the aluminum-magnesium phase to be dissolved in the matrix and reduce the aluminum-magnesium phase to be discontinuously precipitated at a crystal boundary, thereby improving the corrosion performance of the extruded section.
After extrusion, samples were taken and tested for as-extruded properties, as indicated by code A in Table 2.
S9, stretching: tensile force F ═ Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and the Kr is 1.02-1.18.
Wherein, the diameter of the round bar is 50mm, the cross section area S of the round barx＝π*r2＝1963.5mm2(ii) a The target design yield strength reaches 5086-H22/H32, the yield strength is not less than 195MPa, and the design value of the target expected yield strength R is 205 MPa; 5086 the stretch correction factor Kr is 1.02. In summary, in the present embodiment, the tensile force F is SxR Kr ═ 0.41MN, i.e., 0 was used.The tensile force of 41MN stretches. The stretching is carried out with the assurance of straightening of the profile. After stretching, work hardening can be achieved to achieve the corresponding properties.
And after the step S9, performing finished product sawing after stretching to obtain the finished product size. Sampling the finished product to detect the performance of the finished product, wherein the performance is shown as a number B in a table 2;
meanwhile, sampling is carried out to obtain a metallographic structure, and the precipitated phase condition is observed, as shown in figure 2.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment provides a process for preparing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship, which includes the following steps:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: 6.22 percent of Mg, 0.68 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurities in other impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurities, and the balance of Al, and belongs to 5A06 aluminum alloy. The composition of the components of the preferred embodiment are shown in the corresponding examples in table 1.
S2, smelting and casting: smelting, refining and casting are carried out in sequence according to the ingredients to cast the round ingot.
Wherein the smelting temperature is 770-790 ℃, the refining temperature is 715-725 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 5 h. The aluminum alloy melt is subjected to multistage degassing treatment to obviously reduce the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt and reduce casting defects such as pores, looseness and the like in an aluminum alloy slab ingot, and the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl. And (3) selecting a 40ppi filter plate to filter the aluminum melt, removing oxides, non-metallic inclusions and other harmful metal impurities in the aluminum melt so as to reduce casting defects such as slag inclusion in the cast ingot, removing impurities, and producing the cast ingot by semi-continuous casting after degassing, wherein the casting temperature is 688-.
S3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 490 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, the heating rate is 52 ℃/h, and then cooling to the room temperature.
S4, machining: the cast ingot is mechanically processed, and the cast ingot is processed,sawing, turning, and cutting
And (5) specification.
S5, ingot casting heating: and heating the round ingot after the homogenization heat treatment in a heating furnace, wherein the ingot is divided into a plurality of sections, the temperature of the first section of ingot is controlled to be 460-480 ℃, the temperature of the head is 480 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 470 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 460 ℃, the temperature of the second section of ingot is controlled to be 470 ℃, the temperature of the head is 470 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 460 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 450 ℃, the temperature of the third section of ingot is controlled to be 440 ℃, the temperature of the head is 480 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 448 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 440 ℃.
S6, heating the die: the mould is heated to 460 ℃ in a heating furnace and is kept warm for 21 h.
S7, heating the extrusion container: the barrel temperature was controlled at 430 ℃.
S8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the die are heated, the upper die is extruded after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature of 440-470 ℃, square frame section bars are extruded, the outer edge is 360mm multiplied by 360mm, and the inner edge is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm. And after extrusion, rapidly cooling the extruded section on line, and rapidly cooling the extruded section to room temperature by using water mist and strong wind to control most of the aluminum-magnesium phase to be dissolved in the matrix and reduce the aluminum-magnesium phase to be discontinuously precipitated at a crystal boundary, thereby improving the corrosion performance of the extruded section.
After extrusion, samples were taken and tested for as-extruded properties, as indicated by code C in Table 2.
S9, stretching: tensile force F ═ Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and the Kr is 1.02-1.18.
Wherein the section bar is a square frame section bar, the outer edge is 360 multiplied by 360mm, the inner edge is 200 multiplied by 200mm, and the sectional area S of the section bar isx＝(360*360-200*200)mm2＝89600mm2(ii) a The target design yield strength reaches 5A06-H321/H116, the yield strength is more than or equal to 275MPa, and the design value of the target expected yield strength RTaking 282 MPa; the stretch correction factor Kr of 5a06 is 1.08. In summary, in the present embodiment, the tensile force F is SxR Kr ═ 2.73MN, i.e., stretching was performed using a stretching force of 2.73 MN. The stretching is carried out with the assurance of straightening of the profile. After stretching, work hardening can be achieved to achieve the corresponding properties.
And after the step S9, performing finished product sawing on the stretched extrusion lumber to obtain the finished product size. The finished product was sampled and tested for properties as indicated by number D in Table 2.
Meanwhile, sampling is carried out to obtain a metallographic structure, and the precipitated phase condition is observed, as shown in figure 3.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment provides a process for preparing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship, which includes the following steps:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: 4.55% of Mg, 0.65% of Mn, 0.13% of Zn, 0.08% of Cu, 0.22% of Fe, 0.17% of Si, 0.12% of Cr, 0.11% of Ti, no more than 0.05% of single impurities in other impurities, no more than 0.15% of total impurities and the balance of Al, and belongs to a 5083 aluminum alloy. The composition of the components of the preferred embodiment are shown in the corresponding examples in table 1.
S2, smelting and casting: smelting, refining and casting are carried out in sequence according to the ingredients to cast the round ingot.
Wherein the smelting temperature is 760-780 ℃, the refining temperature is 705-715 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 8 h. The aluminum alloy melt is subjected to multistage degassing treatment to obviously reduce the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt and reduce casting defects such as pores, looseness and the like in an aluminum alloy slab ingot, and the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl. And (3) selecting a 30ppi filter plate to filter the aluminum melt, removing oxides, non-metallic inclusions and other harmful metal impurities in the aluminum melt so as to reduce casting defects such as slag inclusion in the cast ingot, removing impurities, and producing the cast ingot by semi-continuous casting after degassing is finished, wherein the casting temperature is 695-plus 710 ℃, and the round ingot with the diameter of 596mm is cast.
S3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5h, the heating rate is 70 ℃/h, and then cooling to the room temperature.
S4, machining: machining the ingot, sawing, turning, and cutting
And (5) specification.
S5, ingot casting heating: and heating the round ingot after the homogenization heat treatment in a heating furnace, wherein the ingot is in a plurality of sections, the temperature of the first section of ingot is controlled to be 470-490 ℃, the temperature of the head is 490 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 480 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 470 ℃, the temperature of the second section of ingot is controlled to be 465-485 ℃, the temperature of the head is 485 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 475 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 465 ℃, the temperature of the third section of ingot is controlled to be 455-475 ℃, the temperature of the head is 475 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 465 ℃, the temperature of the tail section.
S6, heating the die: the mould is heated to 480 ℃ in a heating furnace and is kept warm for 40 h.
S7, heating the extrusion container: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder was controlled at 440 ℃.
S8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the die are heated, the upper die is extruded after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature of 400-440 ℃, and the extruded row material with the specification of 20-500 mm is extruded. And after extrusion, rapidly cooling the extruded section on line, and rapidly cooling the extruded section to room temperature by using water mist and strong wind to control most of the aluminum-magnesium phase to be dissolved in the matrix and reduce the aluminum-magnesium phase to be discontinuously precipitated at a crystal boundary, thereby improving the corrosion performance of the extruded section.
After extrusion, samples were taken and tested for as-extruded properties, as indicated by code E in Table 2.
S9, stretching: tensile force F ═ Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and the Kr is 1.02-1.18.
Wherein the specification of the extrusion discharging material is 20 multiplied by 500mm, cross-sectional area Sx＝10000mm2(ii) a The target design yield strength reaches 5083-H24/H34, the yield strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, and the design value of the target expected yield strength R is 260 MPa; 5083 the stretch correction factor Kr is 1.18. In summary, in the present embodiment, the tensile force F is SxR Kr 3.068MN, i.e. stretching with a stretching force of 3.068 MN. The stretching is carried out with the assurance of straightening of the profile. After stretching, work hardening can be achieved to achieve the corresponding properties.
And after the step S9, performing finished product sawing after stretching to obtain the finished product size. The finished product was sampled and tested for properties as indicated by number F in table 2.
Meanwhile, a sample is taken to prepare a metallographic structure, and the precipitated phase condition is observed, as shown in FIG. 4.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 1, the preferred embodiment provides a process for preparing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship, which includes the following steps:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: 5.12% of Mg, 0.57% of Mn, 0.12% of Zn, 0.05% of Cu, 0.19% of Fe, 0.12% of Si, 0.15% of Cr, 0.10% of Ti, no more than 0.05% of single impurities in other impurities, no more than 0.15% of total impurities and the balance of Al, and belongs to the 5456-grade aluminum alloy. The composition of the components of the preferred embodiment are shown in the corresponding examples in table 1.
S2, smelting and casting: smelting, refining and casting are carried out in sequence according to the ingredients to cast the round ingot.
Wherein the smelting temperature is 770-790 ℃, the refining temperature is 710-725 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 h. The aluminum alloy melt is subjected to multistage degassing treatment to obviously reduce the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt and reduce casting defects such as pores, looseness and the like in an aluminum alloy slab ingot, and the hydrogen content in aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl. And (3) selecting a 40ppi filter plate to filter the aluminum melt, removing oxides, non-metallic inclusions and other harmful metal impurities in the aluminum melt so as to reduce casting defects such as slag inclusion in the ingot, removing impurities, and producing the ingot by semi-continuous casting after degassing is finished, wherein the casting temperature is 700-715 ℃, and round ingots with the diameter of 396mm are cast.
S3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 490 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10h, the heating rate is 60 ℃/h, and then cooling to the room temperature.
S4, machining: machining the ingot, sawing, turning, and cutting
And (5) specification.
S5, ingot casting heating: and heating the round ingot after the homogenization heat treatment in a heating furnace, wherein the ingot is divided into a plurality of sections, the temperature of the first section of ingot is controlled to be 470-500 ℃, the temperature of the head is 500 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 485 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 470 ℃, the temperature of the second section of ingot is controlled to be 480 ℃, the temperature of the head is 480 ℃, the temperature of the middle section is 460 ℃, the temperature of the tail section is 450 ℃, the temperature of the third section of ingot is controlled to be 4405-.
S6, heating the die: the mould is heated to 490 ℃ in a heating furnace and is kept warm for 15 h.
S7, heating the extrusion container: the barrel temperature was controlled at 430 ℃.
S8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the die are heated, the upper die is extruded after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature of 450 ℃ and 470 ℃, and the extruded row material with the specification of 50mm by 300mm is extruded. And after extrusion, rapidly cooling the extruded section on line, and rapidly cooling the extruded section to room temperature by using water mist and strong wind to control most of the aluminum-magnesium phase to be dissolved in the matrix and reduce the aluminum-magnesium phase to be discontinuously precipitated at a crystal boundary, thereby improving the corrosion performance of the extruded section.
After extrusion, samples were taken and tested for as-extruded properties, as indicated by the number G in Table 2.
S9, stretching: tensile force F ═ Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and the Kr is 1.02-1.18.
Wherein, the specification of the extrusion discharging material is 50 multiplied by 300mm, the sectional area Sx＝15000mm2(ii) a The target design yield strength reaches 5456-H321/H116, the yield strength is more than or equal to 230MPa, and the design value of the target expected yield strength R is 240 MPa; 5456 the stretch correction factor Kr is 1.12. In summary, in the present embodiment, the tensile force F is SxR Kr ═ 4.032MN, i.e., stretching was performed using a stretching force of 3.068 MN. The stretching is carried out with the assurance of straightening of the profile. After stretching, work hardening can be achieved to achieve the corresponding properties.
And after the step S9, performing finished product sawing after stretching to obtain the finished product size. The finished product was sampled and tested for properties, as indicated by number H in table 2.
Meanwhile, a sample is taken to prepare a metallographic structure, and the precipitated phase condition is observed, as shown in fig. 5.
TABLE 1 chemical composition parameters of the examples of the present application
Table 2 comparison of performance parameters of each embodiment of the present application under corresponding conditions
As can be seen from the table 2, through the special extrusion process and the stretching strengthening process provided by the application, the 5-series aluminum alloy section for the ship produced by the invention has the advantages that the strength is obviously higher than that of the extruded section, the accurate control of the strength can be realized, the intergranular corrosion and the spalling corrosion performance are excellent, the metallographic structure is shown in a graph from 2 to 5, the aluminum-magnesium strengthening phase is discontinuously precipitated in a crystal boundary and a matrix structure, and the second phase is not continuously precipitated in the crystal boundary, so that the intergranular corrosion is avoided, the simulated corrosion performance requirement of the aluminum alloy material for the ship contacting seawater is met, and the aluminum alloy section can be applied to the construction of marine engineering equipment materials for the ship.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the aluminum alloy section for the ship is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, batching: the materials are prepared according to the following weight percentages: mg =3.2-6.7%, Mn =0.4-1.5%, Zn is less than or equal to 1.0%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.5%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.4%, Si is less than or equal to 0.4%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.3%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
s2, smelting and casting: smelting and casting according to the ingredients to cast a round ingot;
s3, homogenizing heat treatment: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the cast ingot;
s4, machining: machining the cast ingot;
s5, ingot casting heating: the temperature difference between the head and the tail of the single section of ingot is controlled between 5 ℃ and 50 ℃ by adopting a gradient heating method, and the heating temperature of the ingot in a heating furnace is controlled at 440 ℃ and 510 ℃;
s6, heating the die: heating the mould in a heating furnace to the temperature of 460-520 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-40 h;
s7, heating the extrusion container: the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is controlled at 430-490 ℃;
s8, extrusion production: after the ingot casting and the mold are heated, extruding the upper mold after the extrusion cylinder reaches the temperature, wherein the temperature of the material at an extrusion outlet is 400-; carrying out on-line quick cooling after extrusion;
s9, stretching: tensile force F = Sx*R*Kr；
Wherein S isxIs the sectional area of the sectional material,
r is the desired yield strength of the target,
kr is correction coefficient, and the Kr is 1.02-1.18.
2. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S2, the melting temperature is 750-.
3. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S2, multi-stage degassing treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy melt, and the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.18mg/100 gAl.
4. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S2, a 30ppi or 40ppi filter plate was selected to filter the aluminum melt.
5. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S2, semi-continuous casting is used for production.
6. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S3, the homogenization heat treatment temperature is 450-540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5-25h, the heating rate is 30-70 ℃/h, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
7. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S4, the ingot is sawed and lathed during the machining, and the diameter Ø and the length of the machined ingot are respectively 300-600mm and 500-2000mm respectively.
8. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in the continuous extrusion production of the multi-section cast ingots, different cast ingots are heated by adopting temperature gradient, and the heating temperature of the round bar cast ingot is gradually reduced along with the extrusion production.
9. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
in step S8, the rapid cooling mode is one or more of air cooling, strong wind, water mist cooling, and strong water cooling.
10. The process for producing an aluminum alloy profile for a ship according to claim 1,
and after the step S9, performing finished product sawing.
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| CN113088774A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-09 | 上海交通大学 | High-resistance Al-Mg-Mn-Ti aluminum alloy and preparation process thereof |
| CN114231801A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 河南科创铝基新材料有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy ship plate and production method thereof |
| CN114369747A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-19 | 山东创新精密科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy strip stiffened plate for ship and extrusion process thereof |
| CN114769346A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-07-22 | 常州宏丰金属加工有限公司 | Continuous extrusion and stretching aluminum wire production method |
| CN115216659A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-21 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 1060 aluminum alloy flat bar |
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| CN115369337A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-22 | 核兴航材（天津）科技有限公司 | Preparation method of zirconium-containing Al-Mg alloy profile |
| CN115369337B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-08-29 | 核兴航材（天津）科技有限公司 | Preparation method of zirconium-containing Al-Mg alloy section bar |
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