CN110723427A - 一种橙汁运输船上的货罐 - Google Patents
一种橙汁运输船上的货罐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723427A CN110723427A CN201911011064.0A CN201911011064A CN110723427A CN 110723427 A CN110723427 A CN 110723427A CN 201911011064 A CN201911011064 A CN 201911011064A CN 110723427 A CN110723427 A CN 110723427A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种橙汁运输船上的货罐，该货罐包括罐体、罐盖，在罐体的外壁上盘绕有管道层，在管道层的外部及罐盖的上表面包裹有真空隔热层，所述管道层是用铜管或铝管成螺旋状紧密地盘绕在罐体的外壁上，铜管或铝管一端或两端与媒介循环泵的一端连接，媒介循环泵的另一端与媒介储罐连接。所述橙汁运输船上的货罐具有结构简单、加工制造便捷、能够达到低成本、低能耗、高效率、长时间、无需添加防腐剂的情况下实现对新鲜橙汁保鲜用等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及船舶制造技术领域，具体涉及一种橙汁运输船上的货罐。
背景技术
橙汁运输船是在船体上安装有多个货罐，由于每一个货罐的体积都比较大，转载橙汁的容量也非常巨大，一般单个货罐内装载橙汁的重量都在130吨左右，而且橙汁运输船在海上航行的时间都需要在2个月甚至会需要航行更长的时间，而且船舶到达港口后，罐体内的橙汁并不一定会被立即卸货，有还需要等待一段时间。然而橙汁是由新鲜果品压榨成橙汁后的新鲜饮料，这种饮料对保鲜的要求很高。若何能够达到低成本、低能耗、高效率、长时间、无需添加防腐剂的情况下实现对新鲜橙汁保鲜已成为本领域技术人员有待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种结构简单、加工制造便捷、能够达到低成本、低能耗、高效率、长时间、无需添加防腐剂的情况下实现对新鲜橙汁保鲜用橙汁运输船上的货罐。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是设计一种橙汁运输船上的货罐，所述货罐包括罐体、罐盖，在罐体的外壁上盘绕有管道层，在管道层的外部及罐盖的上表面包裹有真空隔热层。
为了便于调控罐体内部橙汁的储存温度，同时便于调温设备的加工、制造、安装、调试，优选的技术方案是，所述管道层是用铜管或铝管成螺旋状紧密地盘绕在罐体的外壁上，铜管或铝管一端或两端与媒介循环泵的一端连接，媒介循环泵的另一端与媒介储罐连接。
为了便于提高罐体的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层的厚度，减小罐体的体积，降低真空隔热层的加工制造成本，进一步优选的技术方案是，所述真空隔热层包括附着在罐盖上表面和管道层外表面上的内层高祖隔气膜袋以及与内层高祖隔气膜袋的边缘粘合在一起的外层高祖隔气膜袋，在内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋之间填充有填充层。
为了便于提高罐体的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层的厚度，减小罐体的体积，降低真空隔热层的加工制造成本，进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述填充有填充层由玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶中的一种或几种采用梳理热压或分散湿法真空工艺制备成套筒结构，或制成若干块弧形板，再将若干块弧形板拼装成套筒结构，再通过抽真空设备将内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋之间填充层内的空气抽出，抽真空后将用于抽真空的端口进行热熔密封处理。
为了便于提高罐体的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层的厚度，减小罐体的体积，降低真空隔热层的加工制造成本，进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋分别由玻纤编织层、尼龙层、镀铝PET塑料膜层、PET塑料薄膜层、EVOH层、铝箔层、PE塑料膜层中的五种材料按任意的顺序复合而成，在内层高阻隔气膜袋与外层高阻隔气膜袋的内表面分别附着有粘胶层。
为了便于填充层的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层的强度与柔韧性能，进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述填充层包括复数个层叠设置且经梳理后的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、气凝胶按照一定的比例经梳理铺网热压成型层；相邻的铺网热压成型层之间设置有夹层；所述铺网热压成型层和夹层经过热压后形成填充层，填充层上设置有吸气材料的安装槽；所述夹层为混合均匀的固体粘胶和云母粉。
为了更有效、更牢固、更便捷、更低成本地将玻璃纤维粘合成整体结构的填充层，进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述固体粘胶为热熔粘胶、压敏胶、木薯粉中的一种或其任意混合，固体粘胶占内心板的重量百分比为0～5％，云母粉占内心板的重量百分比为0～20％，所述铺网热压成型层和填充层的在自然状态下的总厚度与热压成形后芯材的厚度之比为3～5:1。
为了便于填充层的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层的强度与柔韧性能，进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述填充层包括复数个层叠设置的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层，相邻的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层之间通过玻璃纤维短丝针刺法连接，再通过热压后形成填充层。
为了便于填充层的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层的强度与柔韧性能，提高填充层的耐穿刺、耐腐蚀性能，提高其不损后的防水性能，进一步优选的技术方案还有，在所述填充层的原料成分中还包括防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂，防潮剂的含量为0～2重量份、珍珠岩粉的含量为0～2重量份、辐射阻隔剂的含量为0～1重量份，防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂与固体粘胶附着在成型后填充层的表面。
为了进一步提高高阻隔气膜袋的耐冲击强度和耐穿刺强度，优选的技术方案还有，所述尼龙层的尼龙为双向拉伸加厚尼龙，双向拉伸加厚尼龙的厚度为12～35um。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：所述橙汁运输船上的货罐具有结构简单、加工制造便捷、能够达到低成本、低能耗、高效率、长时间、无需添加防腐剂的情况下实现对新鲜橙汁保鲜用等特点。该橙汁罐通过盘绕在罐体外部的管道层，将管道层制成螺旋盘管结构，通过循环液泵，使得冷媒在螺旋盘管内循环，进而达到对罐体内橙汁的降温调温目的。同时通过包裹在螺旋盘管外部的真空隔热层，可以达到对于罐体的保温隔热效果，由于真空隔热层具有保温效果好，保温内层可以做的比较薄，因此可以减小罐体的体积。
附图说明
图1是本发明橙汁运输船上货罐的剖视结构示意图；
图1中：1、罐体；2、罐盖；3、管道层；4、真空隔热层；5、内层高祖隔气膜袋；6、外层高祖隔气膜袋；7、填充层。
图2是本发明橙汁运输船上货罐的基座俯视图；
图3是图2中H处放大图；
图4是定位销结构示意图；
图2、3、4中：1、挡板；2、限位块；3、凹槽；4、螺纹通孔；5、隔热垫木；6、隔热绝缘板；7、定位销。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明是一种橙汁运输船上的货罐，所述货罐包括罐体1、罐盖2，在罐体1的外壁上盘绕有管道层3，在管道层3的外部及罐盖2的上表面包裹有真空隔热层4。
为了便于调控罐体1内部橙汁的储存温度，同时便于调温设备的加工、制造、安装、调试，本发明优选的实施方案是，所述管道层3是用铜管或铝管成螺旋状紧密地盘绕在罐体1的外壁上，将铜管或铝管一端或两端与媒介循环泵的一端连接，将媒介循环泵的另一端与媒介储罐连接。
为了便于提高罐体1的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层4的厚度，减小罐体1的体积，降低真空隔热层4的加工制造成本，本发明进一步优选的实施方案是，所述真空隔热层4包括附着在罐盖2上表面和管道层3外表面上的内层高祖隔气膜袋5以及与内层高祖隔气膜袋5的边缘粘合在一起的外层高祖隔气膜袋6，在内层高祖隔气膜袋5与外层高祖隔气膜袋6之间填充有填充层7。
为了便于提高罐体1的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层4的厚度，减小罐体1的体积，降低真空隔热层4的加工制造成本，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述填充层7由玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶采用梳理热压或分散湿法真空工艺制备成套筒结构，或制成若干块弧形板，再将若干块弧形板拼装成套筒结构，再通过抽真空设备将内层高祖隔气膜袋5与外层高祖隔气膜袋6之间填充层内的空气抽出，抽真空后将用于抽真空的端口进行热熔密封处理。在抽真空处理过程中，填充层经过300℃烘烤5分钟后放入高真空箱体内抽真空，抽真空时间为3钟，真空室内真空度达到5*10-3Pa；真空复合的温度为250℃，覆合时间为10秒。
为了便于提高罐体1的保温、隔热、防火的效果，降低真空隔热层4的厚度，减小罐体1的体积，降低真空隔热层4的加工制造成本，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述内层高祖隔气膜袋5与外层高祖隔气膜袋6分别由玻纤编织层、尼龙层、镀铝PET塑料膜层、PET塑料薄膜层、EVOH层、铝箔层、PE塑料膜层材料按任意的顺序复合而成，在内层高阻隔气膜袋与外层高阻隔气膜袋的内表面分别附着有粘胶层。
为了便于填充层7的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层7的强度与柔韧性能，本发明进一步优选的技术方案还有，所述填充层包括复数个层叠设置且经梳理后的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、气凝胶按照一定的比例经梳理铺网热压成型层；相邻的铺网热压成型层之间设置有夹层；所述铺网热压成型层和夹层经过热压后形成填充层7，填充层7上设置有吸气材料的安装槽；所述夹层为混合均匀的固体粘胶和云母粉。
为了更有效、更牢固、更便捷、更低成本地将玻璃纤维粘合成整体结构的填充层7，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述固体粘胶为热熔粘胶、压敏胶、木薯粉的混合，固体粘胶占内心板的重量百分比为5％，云母粉占内心板的重量百分比为20％，所述铺网热压成型层和填充层7的在自然状态下的总厚度与热压成形后芯材的厚度之比为4:1。
为了便于填充层7的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层7的强度与柔韧性能，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述填充层7包括复数个层叠设置的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层，相邻的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层之间通过玻璃纤维短丝针刺法连接，再通过热压后形成填充层7。
为了便于填充层7的加工制作，同时为了能够提高填充层7的强度与柔韧性能，提高填充层7的耐穿刺、耐腐蚀性能，提高其不损后的防水性能，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，在所述填充层7的原料成分中还包括防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂，防潮剂的含量为2重量份、珍珠岩粉的含量为2重量份、辐射阻隔剂的含量为1重量份，防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂与固体粘胶附着在成型后填充层7的表面。
为了进一步提高高阻隔气膜袋的耐冲击强度和耐穿刺强度，本发明优选的实施方案还有，所述尼龙层的尼龙为双向拉伸加厚尼龙，双向拉伸加厚尼龙的厚度为20um。
上述船用货罐的安装方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：独立货罐设计，在独立货罐的底部安装底座，在所述底座下端面安装阵列排布的筋板，筋板下端面的两侧边均安装水平翻边，在筋板的交叉位置还安装向下的凸块，在与所述凸块相接筋板的水平翻边上还设置若干安装孔，在所述底座的周向表面设置若干人孔，在所述独立货罐的顶部均匀设置若干吊耳；
S2：货罐基座位置勘划，在货舱表面勘划出沿船体首尾方向的船体中心线，在所述船体中心线两侧的货舱表面分别对称勘划一条货罐中心线，在所述货罐中心线上勘划若干货罐安装轮廓线，所述货罐安装轮廓线内部还安装与步骤S1中独立货罐底部筋板位置、形状和尺寸均一致的隔热垫木安装带，且船体中心线两侧的货罐安装轮廓线中心对称；
S3：搭建货罐基座，按照步骤S2勘划的货罐安装轮廓线搭建货罐基座，在所述隔热垫木安装带两侧边上间隔安装若干竖直挡板1，在所述隔热垫木安装带的交叉位置安装限位块2，在所述限位块2上设置与所述独立货罐底部凸块相配合的凹槽3，在所述限位块2上还设置若干与所述步骤S1中独立货罐底座上安装孔相对应的螺纹通孔4，将所述挡板1和限位块2均与货舱表面焊接连接，在所述挡板1之间的隔热垫木安装带上铺放隔热垫木5，在所述隔热垫木5构成的空腔内铺放隔热绝缘板6，所述挡板1、限位块2和隔热绝缘板6的高度均低于所述隔热垫木5高度10～30mm；
S4：货罐吊装，将步骤S1中的独立货罐吊装至步骤S3中的货罐基座上，并使货罐底座上的凸块嵌入货罐基座上的凹槽3内，用螺栓将独立货罐底座上的安装孔与货罐基座上的螺纹通孔4固定连接；
S5：货罐的调整，依次包括隔热绝缘板6与隔热垫木5之间间隙的填充、货罐基座上限位块2与货罐底座上凸块之间间隙的填充和隔热垫木5上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面之间间隙的填充。
还包括定位销7，定位销7的上端设为锥形结构，定位销7的下端设有与限位块上螺纹通孔4相匹配的螺纹外表面，所述定位销7至少为三个，所述步骤S3中还包括将定位销7分别螺接于呈三角形分布限位块2的螺纹通孔4内，所述步骤S4货罐吊装至货罐基座时，还包括将定位销7分别对应贯穿货罐底座的安装孔内，并将定位销7取下。
为了进一步提高隔热垫木与货罐底座筋板之间的贴合度，保证货罐基座的受力均衡，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述步骤S3还包括隔热垫木的调平工序，具体操作步骤为利用激光经纬仪辅助检测隔热垫木下端面与货舱表面的间隙和隔热垫木上端面的水平误差，修整隔热垫木使隔热垫木下端面与货舱表面的间隙和隔热垫木上端面的水平误差均为±1mm。
为了进一步保证隔热绝缘板的隔热效果，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述隔热绝缘板为聚氨酯冷库板，聚氨酯冷库板的芯材为阻燃型硬质聚氨酯发泡材料，聚氨酯冷库板两侧为彩钢板，所述阻燃型硬质聚氨酯发泡材料的密度为40～50kg/m3、导热系数小于0.018w/(m.k)。其中聚氨酯冷库板的导热系数低、热工性能好，硬质聚氨酯发泡材料具有防潮、防水、防火、阻燃、耐高温、抗变形能力强、不易开裂、安全性高等特点，有效阻断了货罐内部与货舱的热量传递，便于货罐内部恒温控制。
为了保证隔热绝缘版的环保性能，所述阻燃型硬质聚氨酯发泡材料中不含氟利昂。
为了进一步保证货罐底座与货罐基座的贴合度，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述步骤S5中隔热绝缘板与隔热垫木之间间隙的填充，具体操作步骤为：用聚氨酯发泡剂将隔热绝缘板与隔热垫木之间的间隙进行聚氨酯发泡填充；所述步骤S5中货罐基座上限位块与货罐底座上凸块之间间隙的填充，具体操作步骤为：对限位块周边做清洁处理，并用木板或塑料板将隔热垫木和隔热绝缘板的开缝处做封边处理，用环氧树脂将货罐基座上限位块与货罐底座上凸块之间的间隙进行浇筑填充；所述步骤S5中隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面之间间隙的填充，具体操作步骤为：利用激光经纬仪辅助检测隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面之间的间隙大小，并制作合适长度、宽度和厚度的不锈钢垫片，用楔子将隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面之间的间隙抬高，并将不锈钢垫片塞入隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面之间的间隙内，取下楔子，并用封边木条对隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面相接处的边缘进行封边处理。
其中，为了保证位于隔热垫木上端面与货罐底座筋板下端面间隙内不锈钢垫片的稳固性，其垫片层叠数≤2。
为了确保具有坡面基座填充空间的完整性，减少环氧树脂浇筑时气泡的出现，本发明进一步优选的实施方案还有，所述步骤S5中货罐基座上限位块与货罐底座上凸块之间间隙的填充，所述货罐基座为坡面时，由低到高进行环氧树脂浇筑填充。
为了保证隔热垫木的隔热效果和使用寿命，所述隔热垫木材质为红铁木。红铁木材质甚重，强度高，木材耐久性好，防腐性强等特点。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述货罐包括罐体、罐盖，在罐体的外壁上盘绕有管道层，在管道层的外部及罐盖的上表面包裹有真空隔热层。
2.如权利要求1所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述管道层是用铜管或铝管成螺旋状紧密地盘绕在罐体的外壁上，铜管或铝管一端或两端与媒介循环泵的一端连接，媒介循环泵的另一端与媒介储罐连接。
3.如权利要求2所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述真空隔热层包括附着在罐盖上表面和管道层外表面上的内层高祖隔气膜袋以及与内层高祖隔气膜袋的边缘粘合在一起的外层高祖隔气膜袋，在内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋之间填充有填充层。
4.如权利要求3所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述填充有填充层由玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶中的一种或几种采用梳理热压或分散湿法真空工艺制备成套筒结构，或制成若干块弧形板，再将若干块弧形板拼装成套筒结构，再通过抽真空设备将内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋之间填充层内的空气抽出，抽真空后将用于抽真空的端口进行热熔密封处理。
5.如权利要求3所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述内层高祖隔气膜袋与外层高祖隔气膜袋分别由玻纤编织层、尼龙层、镀铝PET塑料膜层、PET塑料薄膜层、EVOH层、铝箔层、PE塑料膜层中的五种材料按任意的顺序复合而成，在内层高阻隔气膜袋与外层高阻隔气膜袋的内表面分别附着有粘胶层。
6.如权利要求5所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述填充层包括复数个层叠设置且经梳理后的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、气凝胶按照一定的比例经梳理铺网热压成型层；相邻的铺网热压成型层之间设置有夹层；所述铺网热压成型层和夹层经过热压后形成填充层，填充层上设置有吸气材料的安装槽；所述夹层为混合均匀的固体粘胶和云母粉。
7.如权利要求6所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述固体粘胶为热熔粘胶、压敏胶、木薯粉中的一种或其任意混合，固体粘胶占内心板的重量百分比为0～5％，云母粉占内心板的重量百分比为0～20％，所述铺网热压成型层和填充层的在自然状态下的总厚度与热压成形后芯材的厚度之比为3～5:1。
8.如权利要求6所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述填充层包括复数个层叠设置的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层，相邻的玻璃纤维、气相二氧化硅、纳米微孔材料、气凝胶卷层之间通过玻璃纤维短丝针刺法连接，再通过热压后形成填充层。
9.如权利要求6所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，在所述填充层的原料成分中还包括防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂，防潮剂的含量为0～2重量份、珍珠岩粉的含量为0～2重量份、辐射阻隔剂的含量为0～1重量份，防潮剂、珍珠岩粉、辐射阻隔剂与固体粘胶附着在成型后填充层的表面。
10.如权利要求5所述橙汁运输船上的货罐，其特征在于，所述尼龙层的尼龙为双向拉伸加厚尼龙，双向拉伸加厚尼龙的厚度为12～35um。
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