CN110723270B - Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure - Google Patents
Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723270B CN110723270B CN201910958705.7A CN201910958705A CN110723270B CN 110723270 B CN110723270 B CN 110723270B CN 201910958705 A CN201910958705 A CN 201910958705A CN 110723270 B CN110723270 B CN 110723270B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
- B64B1/60—Gas-bags surrounded by separate containers of inert gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/06—Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships
- B64B1/08—Framework construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
- B64B1/62—Controlling gas pressure, heating, cooling, or discharging gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64B—LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
- B64B1/00—Lighter-than-air aircraft
- B64B1/58—Arrangements or construction of gas-bags; Filling arrangements
- B64B1/64—Gas valve operating mechanisms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship which comprises an outer bag body and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies, wherein the outer bag body is supported by a tensioning integral main keel, and the plurality of sealed inner bag bodies are arranged in the outer bag body. The integral main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings which are arranged side by side and a plurality of central mandrel trusses which are sequentially connected with two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship. According to the stratospheric airship, the appearance of the outer bag body is limited by arranging the fixed-shape tensioning integral main keel, the volume and the buoyancy stability of the outer bag body are basically ensured, so that long-term sky-staying flight can be realized, the internal pressure control is simple, the posture is stable, the energy consumption is low, the lift-off and return flight controllability is excellent, and a foundation is laid for the industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of floating aircrafts, in particular to a stratospheric airship with a large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure.
Background
Stratosphere, also called stratosphere, the second stratum of the earth's atmosphere from bottom to top, above the troposphere, below the middle stratum, i.e. about 10-50 km above sea level, warm on the top and cold on the bottom, with an average atmospheric density of about 88.9g/m3The atmosphere in the stratosphere flows horizontally, the air rarely rolls up and down, and the air flow is relatively stable, so that most aircrafts fly in the stratosphere.
The stratospheric airship is a low-dynamic aircraft which is used for long-term parking in the near space of the stratosphere by utilizing static buoyancy and combining propulsion and comprehensive environment control, flight control, energy source and other systems, has wide military and civil application potential, and is a strategic space resource development platform and a key research and development field of China. However, at present, the method is still in the stages of key technology attack, bottleneck technology breakthrough and integrated technology verification worldwide, and no mature industrial-grade application product exists.
Since the air in the stratosphere is thin, the air density is only about the sea level 1/14, and the buoyancy is extremely small, a blimp made of a light material is generally used at home and abroad for light weight. However, the stratosphere alternates day and night to cause the temperature of the airship to alternate, so that buoyancy change, pressure change and mass center change are generated, and the airship is unstable in a standing-in-air state. Meanwhile, the air compression is difficult due to the thin gas, so that a special air blower with low flow and high pressure head is needed for a pressure maintaining air blower, the energy consumption is high, the efficiency is low, and the manufacturing cost is high; and the rarefied air requires large blade diameter, low speed and heavy weight of the high-altitude propeller, so that the thrust efficiency is low. In addition, more energy is consumed to maintain the state of the airship system, which also increases the overall weight of the airship system. The total weight of the stratospheric airship system is not light. Moreover, the airship system requires long-term parking, height keeping and buoyancy maintaining, and the existing technology cannot be effectively solved. Technologists in this field are still conducting various explorations at home and abroad.
The Chinese patent application 'a bionic stratospheric airship' (CN108706091A) and 'a stratospheric airship buoyancy and pressure cooperative control method' (CN108725734A) provides a novel airship configuration and layout according to the appearance principle of a monk jellyfish, a gas-liquid reversibly-regulated working medium is filled in a thermal regulation air bag, the working medium is converted between a liquid state and a gas state through a thermal circulation device, and the method of pressure and buoyancy cooperative control is adopted, so that long-term control over pressure and buoyancy is realized, but the problem of mass center regulation is not solved.
Chinese patent "a stratospheric airship including a hydrogen regulating device" (CN106394855A) maintains buoyancy and pressure by releasing hydrogen storage ballast, supplementing helium loss, and realizes circulation by combining hydrogen and oxygen electrochemical reaction of fuel cell, but has many technical difficulties and hydrogen is not yet used for airship at present.
Chinese patent No. ZL201110012621.8 discloses an airship with an ammonia ballonet and a buoyancy control method thereof, wherein the airship is provided with the ammonia ballonet, pressure and buoyancy are controlled by adopting an ammonia ballonet three-way airbag through phase change between gas and liquid, the scheme has high feasibility, but the influence of ammonia working substances on a floating center and an airship mass center and the control problem of the floating center and the airship mass center are not effectively solved.
The chinese patent "rigid structural system of large airship" (cn201521080600.x) proposes an airship of rigid structural system, comprising a prestressed structural system and a flexible outer capsule structure. The prestress structure system consists of a central core shaft, prestress stiffening rings and longitudinal connecting rods. However, the prestressed stiffening rings of the structure have low rigidity and poor stability, and a through long central spindle penetrates through the head and the tail of the airship capsule and respectively penetrates through the central pipes of the plurality of prestressed stiffening rings, so that the central spindle is subjected to a large bending action force, is easy to destabilize, has low bearing capacity, is inconvenient to install and is difficult to form integrally feasible pretension; the flexible outer capsule structure and the prestress structure system are difficult to cooperatively bear force, and the overall structure efficiency is low.
The Chinese patent application 'hard stratospheric airship with a novel structure' (CN108725741A) provides a hard stratospheric airship, wherein a plurality of outer bag body frames consisting of stiffening rings and rod pieces are arranged outside outer bag bodies, the inner bag bodies are divided into cabin inner bag bodies which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the airship, helium is stored, and air is stored in the bag bodies between the outer bag bodies and the inner bag bodies.
The Chinese patent application 'a large-scale semi-rigid structure airship' (CN201910275705.7) adopts a structure that an integral keel and a pre-tension bag body of a tension-compression self-balancing system are integrated to cooperatively bear force, and the pre-tension bag body has the characteristics of integral shape keeping under zero pressure, integral rigidity under low pressure and high bearing shape. However, the whole capsule body is not negative pressure and can approach zero pressure, and part of the capsule body (spherical head or low-resistance streamline shape) can not keep the shape and rigidity under low pressure or zero pressure, and meanwhile, the invention only aims at the structural system of the airship and does not relate to the improvement of the whole characteristics of the airship.
Namely, the long-term staying-in-air viability of the stratospheric airship in the prior art is still not well solved, and the long-term staying-in-air viability of the stratospheric airship becomes an obstacle to industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be further improved and improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a large scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, so as to improve the long-term standing-in viability of the stratospheric airship.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a large-scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, which comprises a sealed outer bag body and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies arranged in the outer bag body; the outer bag body is formed by wrapping a rigid tensioning integral main keel by a flexible low-air-permeability film material, and air is filled in the outer bag body; the inner bag body is made of an ultra-light low-strength film, helium is filled in the inner bag body, and a helium valve is arranged at the top of the outer bag body of the inner bag body; the integral tensioning main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a group of central mandrel trusses, wherein the central mandrel trusses are sequentially connected and fixed at two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship after being connected; the stiffening ring comprises an outer ring for supporting the outer bag body, the outer ring comprises at least two sub-rings which are connected and expanded by a group of triangular trusses which are separately arranged along the circumferential direction, and each triangular truss comprises two outer chord nodes which are abutted outwards and expand the two sub-rings and one inner chord node which is far away from the outer bag body; the inner chord node is separately connected with two ends of the hub shaft through two radial pull rods.
Preferably, the inner bladder annularly surrounds the central core truss.
Preferably, the device further comprises an environmental control system for adjusting the air pressure inside the outer capsule body so as to maintain the air pressure inside the outer capsule body between a set negative pressure limit value and a set positive pressure limit value; the environment control system comprises an environment control controller, and a group of normally closed air valves arranged at the bottom of the outer bag body and a group of blowers arranged on the outer bag body are respectively controlled to be opened and closed under the difference of internal pressure and external pressure; when the positive pressure in the outer capsule body is higher than the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls to open the air valve and exhaust air outwards under the positive pressure; a blowing port of the air blower is provided with a normally closed check vane, when the negative pressure in the outer bag body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the ring control controller controls the air blower to work, the air blower blows to open the check vane, the air is inflated into the outer bag body, and the negative pressure is reduced; the negative pressure limit value is not more than a negative pressure value corresponding to a compression limit of the integral tensioning main keel, and the positive pressure limit value is not more than a positive pressure value corresponding to a tension limit of the outer bag body; the air pressure in the outer capsule body is positive pressure when being higher than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body, and the air pressure in the outer capsule body is negative pressure when being lower than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body.
More preferably, the air valve and the blower are provided in plurality.
More preferably, the air blower comprises a high-altitude air blower and a low-altitude air blower, and the operation is controlled by the environment-controlled controller according to the suspension height of the stratospheric airship.
Preferably, a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship is further included, the propulsion system including at least one tail thrust controlled by a propulsion controller; the tail is fixed on the outer surface of an outer bag body of the tail area of the stratospheric airship and is opposite to the end part of the central spindle truss.
More preferably, the propulsion system further comprises at least one lateral thruster controlled by the propulsion controller, the lateral thruster being fixed on the outer surface of the outer bladder in a bilateral symmetry manner, facing the outer ring.
Further preferably, the side pushing and the tail pushing adopt a high-altitude motor to drive a high-altitude paddle.
Preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises an energy source system for providing energy, and a pod for placing a load.
More preferably, the energy system comprises a solar energy collecting plate covering at least part of the upper surface of the stratospheric airship, and the solar energy collecting plate is electrically connected with a storage battery for supplying power to the stratospheric airship.
Further preferably, the battery powers the environmental control system and/or the propulsion system.
Further preferably, the battery is placed in the pod.
Preferably, two adjacent stiffening rings are connected with each other through a group of longitudinal pull rods which are vertical to the circumferential direction and are scattered, and the longitudinal pull rods are fixedly connected with a pair of outer chord nodes which are arranged on the two adjacent stiffening rings and are opposite to the two adjacent stiffening rings.
More preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises a stretching secondary keel which is arranged in the head area of the airship and connected to a pair of outer chord nodes which are arranged on two adjacent stiffening rings and are opposite to each other, the stretching secondary keel comprises a stretching outer pull rod and a stretching inner pull rod which are stretched by at least one hollow web-shaped stay bar, and the longitudinal pull rods connected to the same pair of outer chord nodes sequentially penetrate through the stay bars.
Further preferably, the string stretching outer pull rod is attached to the inner surface of the outer bag body.
Further preferably, the string stretching outer pull rod and the string stretching inner pull rod are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, and the number of the stay rods is set according to the length of the segments of the string stretching secondary keel and is not less than 3.
Preferably, the outer bag body is also provided with at least two pairs of tail wings which are arranged on the outer surfaces of two opposite sides of the tail area in a facing and separated mode, the tail wings are inflatable tail wings, and the four tail wings are in an X-shaped layout.
Preferably, the stratospheric airship further comprises at least one retractable air cushion, and the air cushion is arranged at the bottom of the stratospheric airship and is right opposite to the stiffening ring.
More preferably, the number of the air cushions is more than 4, and the air cushions are dispersedly and symmetrically arranged on the bottom belly of the stratospheric airship.
More preferably, the air cushion is folded in the cruise stage of the stratospheric airship, and is inflated to the design pressure when the airship returns to the ground and lands at a certain height.
Further preferably, the certain height is 1 km.
The invention also discloses a working method of the stratospheric airship, wherein the stratospheric airship resides in a stratosphere: when the air pressure in the outer bag body exceeds the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls the outer bag body to deflate outwards through the air valve; and when the air pressure in the outer capsule body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls the high-altitude blower to inflate the inner part of the outer capsule body.
The invention further discloses a working method of the stratospheric airship, wherein when the stratospheric airship makes return flight and lands: when the height is higher than 10km, the environmental controller controls the outer bag body to be at a set negative pressure limit value, and the high-altitude blower is started to blow air to control the weight and landing speed of the stratospheric airship; and at the height lower than 10km, the environmental controller controls the outer bag body to be at a set lower positive pressure limit value, and the low-altitude blower is started to blow air to control the weight and landing speed of the stratospheric airship.
The technical effects are as follows: the invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship, which comprises an outer bag body supported by a tensioned integral main keel and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies arranged in the outer bag body, wherein the tensioned integral main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a plurality of central core shaft trusses which are sequentially connected with two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the airship. According to the stratospheric airship, the shape of the outer bag body is limited by arranging the fixed-shape tensioning integral main keel, the volume and the buoyancy stability of the outer bag body are basically ensured, a complex control system is reduced, and the energy required by parking in the sky is reduced, so that long-term parking flight can be realized, the internal pressure control is simple, the posture is stable, the energy consumption is low, the lifting and returning controllability is excellent, and a foundation is laid for the industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top down cross-sectional view of the structural system of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the skeletal structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a stiffening ring structure of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an environmental control system layout of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a propulsion system layout view of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tensioned chord cross keel of a preferred embodiment of the stratospheric airship of the invention;
in the figure, 101, a whole main keel is tensioned, 102, a string secondary keel, 103, an outer bladder, 104, an inner bladder, 105, an empennage, 106, a nacelle, 107, an air cushion, 10101, a stiffening ring, 10102 central core shaft truss, 10103 longitudinal pull rods, 1010101, a triangular truss, 1010102, a hub shaft, 1010103, radial pull rods, 1010104, an outer ring, 10201, a string outer pull rod, 10202, a string inner pull rod, 10203, a stay rod, 201, a high altitude blower, 202, a low altitude blower, 203, an air valve, 204, a helium valve, 205, a differential pressure meter, 206, an annular control controller, 301, lateral pushing, 302, tail pushing and 401 are arranged, and a solar panel.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
The invention discloses a large-scale stratospheric airship with a rigid-flexible integrated structure, wherein the sectional view in the vertical direction of the integrated structure is shown in figure 1, and the large-scale stratospheric airship comprises a sealed outer bag body 103 and a plurality of sealed inner bag bodies 104 arranged in the outer bag body 103; the outer bladder 103 is formed by wrapping a tensioned integral main keel 101 with a flexible low-permeability film material. The flexible, low-permeability film material is selected, for example, to be permeable to air by only 0.5 liter per 24 hours per square meter and has a high specific strength, a light weight and a high strength. The outer bladder 103 is filled with air.
The tensioned integral main keel 101 has a certain structural strength, and constitutes a framework of the stratospheric airship, so that the basic shape of the stratospheric airship is reflected, and the outer bladder 103 is basically prevented from being excessively collapsed or expanded due to the change of external atmospheric pressure, the change of atmospheric temperature, or the heating caused by sunlight irradiation, that is, the phenomenon that the volume change of the stratospheric airship is too large and the buoyancy is changed due to the volume change is prevented, so that the lifting amplitude of the stratospheric airship is too large when the airship suspends.
Inside the outer balloon 103, a plurality of sealed inner balloons 104 are provided. The inner bladder 104 is made of ultra-light low-strength film and filled with helium to maintain sufficient buoyancy of the stratospheric airship. The helium valve 204 of the inner capsule 104 opens into the top of the outer capsule 103.
The specific structure of the integral tensioning main keel 101 is shown in a perspective view of an internal framework structure in fig. 2, and comprises a group of central spindle trusses 10102 which are respectively connected with a group of stiffening rings 10101 which are arranged in parallel side by side and are strung to form a central framework which penetrates through the front length direction and the rear length direction of the stratospheric airship. The middle core shaft truss 10102 is a multi-section shuttle-shaped triangular truss and has sufficient mechanical strength. And the inner bladder 104 preferably annularly surrounds the central core truss 10102 to help achieve side-to-side balance of the stratospheric airship.
Specifically, the stiffening ring 10101 has a specific structure as shown in fig. 3, including an outer ring 1010104 at the outer periphery for supporting the outer bladder 103, and a hub shaft 1010102 fixed at the center. The outer ring 1010104 comprises at least two sub-rings which are connected and expanded through a triangular truss 1010101, and the triangular truss 1010101 comprises two outer chord nodes which are abutted outwards and expand the outer capsule 103 and an inner chord node of which the inner side is far away from the outer capsule 103; two radial tension rods 1010103 are connected together at one end to the inner chord node and separately at the other end to the ends of the hub axle 1010102.
That is, in three vertexes of the triangular truss 1010101, two outer chord nodes are correspondingly connected with the outer chord node of the adjacent triangular truss 1010101 through the longitudinal tie 10203 respectively, so as to form an outer circumferential framework of the stratospheric airship, and bear force, mainly pressure, from the outer bladder 103. The inner chord node is connected to the two ends of the hub shaft 1010102 in a triangular shape by the corresponding two radial tension rods 1010103, so as to form a stable stress balance system, and ensure that the inner chord node is still stable under the pressure or tension from the outer balloon 103 without causing instability damage.
At the center, the central spindle truss 10102 sequentially connects two end points of the hub shafts 1010102 on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101, so as to mutually connect in series to form a stable central shaft, and the internal framework of the stratospheric airship is formed by matching with each stiffening ring 10101, and the outer bag body 103 covers each stiffening ring 10101 and is expanded to be in an airship shape.
Therefore, the force applied by the outer bladder 103 to the outer ring 1010104 of the stratospheric airship through the inner skeleton is dispersed and conducted to all over the inner skeleton and evenly borne, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the stratospheric airship.
In a better embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, two adjacent stiffening rings 10101 are further connected to each other by a set of longitudinal tie bars 10103 distributed perpendicular to the circumferential direction, and the longitudinal tie bars 10203 are fixedly connected to a pair of outer chord nodes on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101, which are opposite to each other, so as to form the skeleton of the stratospheric airship more accurately and further support the outer bladder 103.
When the temperature of the stratosphere decreases, or when there is no direct sunlight, for example, at night, the air temperature inside the outer bladder 103 also decreases, the air pressure inside decreases, but the change in the shape of the stratosphere airship and therefore the change in buoyancy is small because it is restricted by the inner skeleton. However, this will cause the air pressure inside the stratospheric airship to be reduced more, lower than the external atmospheric pressure, creating a negative pressure that forces the outer bladder 103 to suction against the stiffening rings 10101, and thus the tensioned integral main keel 101, including against both ends of the triangular truss 1010101 of the tensioned integral main keel 101 and the outer ring 1010104 of each stiffening ring 10101. When the negative pressure is too high, the stratospheric airship may be destabilized or even damaged. Thus, as shown in fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the stratospheric airship is further provided with an environmental control system for regulating the air pressure inside the outer bladder 103 to maintain the air pressure inside the outer bladder between a set negative pressure limit and a set positive pressure limit; the set value of the negative pressure limit value is not more than the negative pressure value corresponding to the compression limit of the integral main keel, and the positive pressure limit value is not more than the positive pressure value corresponding to the tensile limit of the outer bag body 103. The environmental control system may specifically be: an environmental control controller 206 is provided to control the opening and closing of a set of normally closed air valves provided at the bottom of the outer balloon 103 and a set of blowers installed on the outer balloon 103 respectively under the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the outer balloon 103, so as to adjust the air pressure balance between the inside and the outside of the outer balloon 103. Specifically, when the positive pressure in the outer bladder 103 is higher than the positive pressure limit value, the environmental control controller controls to open the air valve, and the outer bladder 103 exhausts air outwards under the driving of the positive pressure in the outer bladder 103, so as to reduce the internal air pressure; and a blowing port of the air blower is provided with a normally closed check vane, when the negative pressure in the outer bag body 103 is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls the air blower to work, the air blower blows to open the check vane, the air is inflated into the outer bag body 103, and the negative pressure in the outer bag body 103 is reduced. Through the adjustment of the environmental controller 206, the balance between the air pressure inside the outer bladder 103 and the external atmospheric pressure is restored, so as to ensure the flight safety of the stratospheric airship.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the blowers, specifically including the high altitude blower 201 and the low altitude blower 202, are controlled by the environmental controller 206 to operate according to the levitation height of the stratospheric airship, so as to fill air into the outer bladder 103, so as to maintain the air pressure balance between the inside and the outside of the outer bladder 103.
When the temperature of the stratosphere rises or sunlight is directly irradiated on the stratosphere airship in the daytime, the temperature of the air inside the outer bag body 103 rises, so that the pressure of the air inside the outer bag body is increased and is higher than the external atmospheric pressure, and positive pressure is formed. But is limited by the shape of the outer balloon 103, which results in an increased internal tension of the outer balloon 103, which, if it exceeds the stretch resistance limit of the outer balloon 103, may result in the outer balloon 103 breaking and creating a hazard. At this time, a high pressure limit is set, and when the positive pressure inside the outer bag body 103 exceeds the high pressure limit, the environmental control controller 206 controls to discharge part of air from the outer bag body 103 through the air valve 203 to reduce the positive pressure, so as to ensure the safe parking of the stratospheric airship. Of course, the set value of the high pressure limit value cannot exceed the positive pressure value corresponding to the stretch-resistant limit of the outer balloon 103.
Specifically, the working method of the stratospheric airship comprises the following steps:
during the stratospheric docking phase, when the air pressure in the outer bladder 103 changes, but is still between the negative pressure limit and the positive pressure limit, the stratospheric airship can be safely docked without any pressure control and without consuming any energy or material. And the environmental controller 206 activates the high altitude blower 201 to inflate the interior of the outer bladder 103 only when the air pressure in the outer bladder 103 is lower than the negative pressure limit, for example, the atmospheric temperature is low at night; when the air pressure in the outer bladder 103 exceeds the positive pressure limit, for example, during daytime, the atmospheric temperature is high, or sunlight is directly irradiated to the outer bladder 3, the environmental controller 206 controls the outer bladder 103 to release part of the air through the air valve 203.
In the return flight landing stage, at the high altitude stratosphere, the environmental controller 206 firstly turns on the high altitude blower 201 to inflate the outer bladder 103, so as to increase the weight of the stratosphere airship, and under the condition that the volume change of the stratosphere airship is small, the weight is increased, the stratosphere airship will slowly descend, and as the altitude is reduced, the external temperature is reduced, the air pressure in the outer bladder 103 is also reduced, so the inflation also helps to maintain the air pressure in the outer bladder 103. The speed at which the stratospheric airship descends can be controlled by controlling the amount of air blown into the outer bladder 103 by the high altitude blower 201, i.e. by controlling the weight of the stratospheric airship.
When the air pressure in the outer balloon 103 is higher than the external atmospheric pressure, the air pressure in the outer balloon 103 will be positive because the temperature of the external atmosphere rises with the decrease of the height after the air pressure falls below 10 km. At this time, when the positive pressure is higher than a set positive pressure limit, the environmental controller 206 controls the air valve 203 to open to discharge a certain amount of air, so as to maintain the balance of the air pressure inside and outside the outer bladder 103, and thus reduce the weight of the stratospheric airship. And at the set lower positive pressure limit value, the environmental controller 206 controls the outer bag body 103 to open the low-altitude blower 202 to inflate the inner part of the outer bag body 103, so as to increase the weight of the stratospheric airship. Thus, by adjusting the weight of the air in the outer bladder 103, the landing speed of the stratospheric airship can be controlled.
In order to ensure the maneuvering flight capability, a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship is further arranged on the stratospheric airship, and as shown in fig. 5 in particular, the propulsion system includes at least one tail thruster 302 and a propulsion controller for controlling the tail thruster 302 to work. The tail push 302 is fixed on the outer surface of the outer capsule 103 in the tail area of the stratospheric airship, particularly is opposite to the end part of the central spindle truss 10102, has the longest force arm, and can generate the largest moment, so that the pitching flight state of the stratospheric airship can be conveniently changed and the steering of the stratospheric airship can be facilitated only by adopting the tail push 302 with lower power. In a better embodiment, in order to increase the steering capacity of the stratospheric airship, at least one lateral thruster 301 which is also controlled by the propulsion controller to work can be further arranged, and each lateral thruster 301 is fixed on the outer surface of the outer capsule 103 in a left-right symmetrical mode, is positioned at the head or the middle position of the outer capsule 103 and is opposite to the outer ring 1010104. The side thrusts 301 are used to assist in changing the horizontal maneuver direction of the stratospheric airship. In a more preferred embodiment, the side-thrusting may also employ vector control techniques to further assist pitch and steering control. Considering the working environment of the stratospheric airship, the tail pusher 302 and the side pusher 301 preferably adopt a technical scheme that a high-altitude motor drives a high-altitude paddle.
In a further preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that the stagnation time of the stratospheric airship is sufficiently long, the stratospheric airship also carries an energy system, for example a renewable energy source, in particular a solar cell system. As shown in fig. 5, the solar cell panel 401 covers the outer airbag 103, and at least covers the upper surface thereof so as to face the sun. The obtained electric energy is sent to a storage battery through a lead for storage, and the storage battery supplies power to the environmental control system and the propulsion system to work. The technical scheme of the renewable energy system adopting the solar cell and the storage battery is that the solar cell is charged by receiving illumination in the daytime, the storage battery not only provides the electric power required by the stratospheric airship in the daytime, but also can supply the electric power required at night, and day and night energy circulation can be realized, so that the continuous air stagnation working time of the stratospheric airship can be greatly prolonged.
As shown in fig. 2, a gondola 106 is suspended below the stratospheric airship, and the battery may be placed in the gondola 106. The nacelle 106 is preferably connected below one of the stiffening rings 10101.
Furthermore, preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the tail region is further provided with two pairs of four inflatable tail wings without control surfaces 105, for example, in an X-shaped layout, and the two inflatable tail wings are oppositely and separately arranged on the outer surfaces of the two opposite sides of the tail region of the outer capsule 103, so as to help stabilize the flight attitude of the stratospheric airship.
In a more preferred embodiment, in the airship head area of the stratospheric airship, a reinforcing structure is further provided, specifically: on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101 in the head area, a string secondary keel 102 is arranged to connect a pair of external string nodes which are opposite to each other on two adjacent stiffening rings 10101, so that the resistance of the head to the change of internal and external air pressure is increased.
As shown in fig. 6 in particular, the tensioned string secondary keel 102 includes a tensioned string outer tie rod 10201 and a tensioned string inner tie rod 10202 which are stretched by at least one hollow-web-shaped stay 10203, and the tensioned string outer tie rod 10201 and the tensioned string inner tie rod 10202 are matched to be in a fish-belly shape, i.e. have a certain radian, so as to increase the resistance to external pressure or tension. The string-stretching outer tie rod 10201 is attached to the inner surface of the outer balloon 103, i.e. the curvature and the line shape of the two are consistent. Moreover, the open-chord inner tie rod 10202 and the open-chord outer tie rod 10201 can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically. The number of the struts 10203 is set according to the length of the segments of the stretched string secondary keel 102, and at least 3 parallel struts are arranged to sufficiently ensure that the stretched string inner tie rod 10202 and the stretched string outer tie rod 10201 are maintained to be in an arched open state.
Moreover, the longitudinal tie rods 10103 connected to the same pair of outer chord nodes sequentially pass through the struts 10203, i.e., are clamped between the open-chord outer tie rod 10201 and the open-chord inner tie rod 10202. Thereby ensuring that the stress on the head is borne by the string-stretched secondary keel 102 to ensure the structural strength of the stratospheric airship.
To prevent hard landing in view of the return of the stratospheric airship to the ground, an inflatable, retractable air cushion 107 is provided at the bottom of the stratospheric airship just opposite the stiffening ring 10101, as shown in fig. 1. The air cushions 107 are also preferably disposed on the outer bladder 103 facing the bottom of the stiffening ring 10101, and considering the huge length of the stratospheric airship, the air cushions 107 are disposed in at least 4 numbers, distributed and symmetrically disposed on the bottom belly of the outer bladder 103.
In order to ensure the pneumatic performance of the stratospheric airship, the air cushion 107 is folded in the cruise stage of the airship, and is inflated to the design pressure when the height of the air cushion is 1km above the ground during return flight and landing.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship, which comprises an outer capsule 103 supported by a tensioned integral main keel 101, and a plurality of sealed inner capsules 104 arranged inside the outer capsules 103, the integral tension main keel 101 comprises a plurality of stiffening rings 10101 which are arranged side by side, and a plurality of central spindle trusses 10102 which are connected with the two ends of a hub shaft 1010102 at the center of each stiffening ring 10101 in sequence and run through the length direction of the airship, when the temperature of the stratosphere or the illumination of the stratosphere airship changes, the tensioned integral main keel 101 bears the negative pressure from the outer bladder 103, so that the volume change of the outer bladder 103 is small, although the air pressure in the outer bladder 103 changes along with the external atmospheric temperature or the illumination, but the stratospheric airship can keep buoyancy and the standing height and is relatively stably suspended in the stratosphere. According to the stratospheric airship, the appearance of the outer bag body 103 is limited by arranging the fixed-shape tensioning integral main keel 101, the volume and the buoyancy stability of the outer bag body 103 are basically guaranteed, a complex control system is reduced, and the energy required by the airship staying is reduced, so that the long-term staying-in-air flight can be realized, the internal pressure control is simple, the posture is stable, the energy consumption is low, the ascending and returning controllability is excellent, and a foundation is laid for the industrial application of the stratospheric airship.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A large-scale rigid-flexible integral-structure stratospheric airship is characterized by comprising a sealed outer airbag body and a plurality of sealed inner airbag bodies arranged in the outer airbag body;
the outer bag body is formed by wrapping a rigid tensioning integral main keel by a flexible low-air-permeability film material, and air is filled in the outer bag body;
the inner bag body is made of an ultra-light low-strength film, helium is filled in the inner bag body, and a helium valve is arranged at the top of the outer bag body of the inner bag body;
the integral tensioning main keel comprises a plurality of stiffening rings arranged side by side and a group of central mandrel trusses, wherein the central mandrel trusses are sequentially connected and fixed at two ends of a hub shaft at the center of each stiffening ring and penetrate through the length direction of the stratospheric airship after being connected;
the stiffening ring comprises an outer ring for supporting the outer bag body, the outer ring comprises at least two sub-rings which are connected and expanded by a group of triangular trusses which are separately arranged along the circumferential direction, and each triangular truss comprises two outer chord nodes which are abutted outwards and expand the two sub-rings and one inner chord node which is far away from the outer bag body; the inner chord node is separately connected with two ends of the hub shaft through two radial pull rods;
the stratospheric airship also comprises an environmental control system, wherein the environmental control system is used for adjusting the air pressure in the outer capsule body so as to maintain the air pressure in the outer capsule body between a set negative pressure limit value and a set positive pressure limit value;
the stratospheric airship further comprises a string stretching secondary keel, the string stretching secondary keel is arranged on two adjacent stiffening rings in the head area of the airship and is connected with a pair of outer string nodes which are opposite to each other on the two adjacent stiffening rings, the string stretching secondary keel comprises a string stretching outer pull rod and a string stretching inner pull rod which are stretched by at least one hollow-web-shaped support rod, the string stretching outer pull rod and the string stretching inner pull rod are symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged, the string stretching outer pull rod and the string stretching inner pull rod are matched to form a fish belly shape, and the string stretching outer pull rod is attached to the inner surface of the outer bag body.
2. The stratospheric airship according to claim 1, wherein the environmental control system comprises an environmental control controller which respectively controls opening and closing of a set of normally closed air valves arranged at the bottom of the outer bag body and a set of blowers arranged on the outer bag body under the difference of internal pressure and external pressure;
when the positive pressure in the outer capsule body is higher than the positive pressure limit value, the environment-controlled controller controls to open the air valve and exhaust air outwards under the positive pressure;
a blowing port of the air blower is provided with a normally closed check vane, when the negative pressure in the outer bag body is lower than the negative pressure limit value, the ring control controller controls the air blower to work, the air blower blows to open the check vane, the air is inflated into the outer bag body, and the negative pressure is reduced;
the negative pressure limit value is not more than a negative pressure value corresponding to a compression limit of the integral tensioning main keel, and the positive pressure limit value is not more than a positive pressure value corresponding to a tension limit of the outer bag body;
the air pressure in the outer capsule body is positive pressure when being higher than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body, and the air pressure in the outer capsule body is negative pressure when being lower than the external atmospheric pressure of the outer capsule body.
3. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, further comprising a propulsion system for maneuvering the stratospheric airship, the propulsion system including at least one tail thrust controlled by a propulsion controller; the tail is fixed on the outer surface of an outer bag body of the tail area of the stratospheric airship and is opposite to the end part of the central spindle truss.
4. The stratospheric airship of claim 3 wherein the propulsion system further includes at least one side thrust controlled by the propulsion controller, the side thrust being secured to the outer surface of the outer bladder in side-to-side symmetry, directly opposite the outer ring.
5. The stratospheric airship of any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising an energy source system for providing energy, and a pod for holding a load; the energy system comprises a solar energy collecting plate covering at least part of the upper surface of the stratospheric airship, the solar energy collecting plate is electrically connected with a storage battery for supplying power to the stratospheric airship, and the storage battery is placed in the nacelle.
6. The stratospheric airship of claim 1 wherein adjacent two of the stiffening rings are interconnected by a set of longitudinal struts which diverge in a direction perpendicular to the circumferential direction, the longitudinal struts fixedly connecting a pair of outer chord nodes on the adjacent two stiffening rings which are directly opposite to the adjacent pair.
7. The stratospheric airship of claim 6, wherein the trailing arms connected to the pair of outer chord nodes pass through the struts in sequence.
8. The stratospheric airship of claim 7, wherein the number of the struts is set to not less than 3 according to the segment length of the open-chord secondary keel.
9. The stratospheric airship of claim 1, wherein the outer capsule body is further provided with at least two pairs of tail wings which are arranged on the outer surfaces of two opposite sides of the tail area and are opposite to each other, the tail wings are inflatable tail wings, and the four tail wings are arranged in an X shape.
10. The stratospheric airship of claim 1 further comprising at least one retractable air cushion, said air cushion being disposed at a bottom of said stratospheric airship opposite said stiffening ring.
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| CN201910958705.7A CN110723270B (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2019-10-10 | Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure |
| PCT/CN2020/079553 WO2021068457A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2020-03-17 | Stratospheric airship of large-scale rigid and flexible integrated structure |
| DE112020004905.1T DE112020004905T5 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2020-03-17 | STRATOSPHERE AIRSHIP WITH LARGE RIGID-AND-FLEXIBLE INTEGRATED STRUCTURE |
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| CN201910958705.7A CN110723270B (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2019-10-10 | Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure |
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| CN110723270B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-07-12 | 上海交通大学 | Stratospheric airship with large-scale rigid-flexible integrated structure |
| CN111746773B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-07-01 | 上海交通大学 | Rigid-flexible integrated airship tail cone |
| CN111846191A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Combined power airship |
| CN111994254B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-11-05 | 上海交通大学 | Large-scale rigid-flexible combined structure stratospheric airship |
| CN112163277B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-11 | 上海交通大学 | Tensioning strategy and optimization analysis method for tensioning integral keel |
| CN112477924B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-11-01 | 新誉轨道交通科技有限公司 | Train control method and system |
| CN113086154A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Aircraft of different structure combination of airship and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113173256B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 上海交通大学 | Ultra-large type tensioning integral keel structure integration tool and method thereof |
| CN114030585A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-02-11 | 北京临近空间飞艇技术开发有限公司 | High-attendance-rate stratospheric airship comprehensive flight layout |
| DE202022000839U1 (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2023-07-10 | Julian Jain | Load transfer system, redundancy system and functional system for an aerostatic buoyancy device |
| WO2023209319A1 (en) | 2022-04-24 | 2023-11-02 | Morrey Martin | High-altitude aerostat with a large surface area |
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| DE112020004905T5 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
| CN110723270A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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