CN110722468B - Grinding wheel manufacturing device and method for orderly arranging abrasive particles based on laser trimming - Google Patents
Grinding wheel manufacturing device and method for orderly arranging abrasive particles based on laser trimming Download PDFInfo
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- CN110722468B CN110722468B CN201910970929.XA CN201910970929A CN110722468B CN 110722468 B CN110722468 B CN 110722468B CN 201910970929 A CN201910970929 A CN 201910970929A CN 110722468 B CN110722468 B CN 110722468B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/009—Tools not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a grinding wheel manufacturing device and method based on ordered abrasive particle arrangement of laser trimming, comprising a control device, a laser generating device, a composite filtering device and a grinding machine; the control device is used for controlling the actions of the laser generating device, the composite filtering device and the grinding machine, the laser generating device comprises a laser and a focusing module, the composite filtering device comprises a composite filtering strip and a transmission module for transmitting the composite filtering strip, the grinding machine is used for clamping a conventional grinding wheel and driving the conventional grinding wheel to rotate, and a tachometer for collecting the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel is further arranged on a driving shaft of the grinding machine; according to the invention, after the conventional grinding wheel is consolidated and formed, the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is realized by utilizing a laser trimming mode, no special requirement is required for the manufacturing process of the grinding wheel, the complicated fine operation is avoided, the laser trimming is efficient, no equipment material loss exists in the process, the manufacturing efficiency of the grinding wheel with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grinding wheel manufacturing and dressing, in particular to a grinding wheel manufacturing device and method based on laser dressing and with abrasive particles distributed in an ordered mode.
Background
The abrasive particles on the working surface of the traditional grinding wheel used in the prior grinding processing are mostly irregularly arranged, and because the abrasive particles are unevenly distributed on the working surface and the exposed height of the abrasive particles has randomness, part of the abrasive particles cannot effectively appear, and are easy to wear and fall off, and the working surface of the grinding wheel is also easy to appear in a low-energy consumption state mainly based on brittle cutting and a high-energy consumption state mainly based on sliding and plowing, so that the cutting efficiency of the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel is low, and the roughness of the grinding surface of a workpiece is difficult to control.
Further, the problems of the conventional grinding wheel are also manifested in that:
on one hand, the traditional fixed abrasive grinding tool, especially the precise grinding tool, is very easy to cause the blockage of the abrasive particles on the working surface of the grinding tool in the grinding process due to the tiny abrasive particles, the tight distribution of the abrasive particles and the small chip containing space, so that the grinding tool is failed too early, and the grinding heat damage of the workpiece and even the normal processing work can not be carried out;
on the other hand, in the traditional single-layer superhard abrasive grinding wheel, the abrasive is actually embedded in the plating metal only by mechanical embedding, and the thickness of the plating must be increased in order to increase the holding force of the grinding wheel, so that the exposed height of abrasive particles and the space for containing chips are reduced, the chips are easy to block, the service life is short, the heat dissipation effect is poor, and the surface of a workpiece is easy to burn; in addition, the rotation precision and the geometric shape precision of the grinding wheel are seriously dependent on the manufacturing precision and the assembling precision of the grinding wheel matrix, so that the grinding wheel has high requirements on the processing of the grinding wheel matrix, and the cost for manufacturing the single-layer superhard abrasive grinding wheel is greatly increased.
Along with the requirement on the precision of mechanical equipment is higher and higher, the traditional grinding wheel cannot meet the requirements of people, and the grinding wheel with orderly arranged abrasive particles is produced.
Research shows that the grinding performance, service life, machining efficiency and the like of the grinding wheel with the orderly arranged abrasive particles are superior to those of the traditional grinding wheel.
In order to solve the problems of the traditional grinding wheel, the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups on the surface of the grinding wheel are orderly arranged, so that the service life, the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the grinding wheel are improved, and the maximum utilization rate of the abrasive particles and the optimal grinding performance of the grinding wheel become problems to be solved urgently.
At present, abrasive particle distribution is controlled before consolidation forming in the manufacturing of abrasive particle ordered arrangement grinding wheels, ordered arrangement of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is achieved, and methods for controlling abrasive particle distribution comprise mask preparation, electromagnetic vibration, directional feeding and the like.
The method for realizing the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups by utilizing a dressing mode after the grinding wheel is consolidated and formed has no related research in the current industry.
Laser dressing is used as a novel advanced dressing technology, a strong thermal effect of laser irradiation on the surface of a grinding wheel is utilized, instantaneous high temperature is generated within a very short time, so that materials are melted, splashed and gasified locally on the surface of the grinding wheel, the energy density and the thermal field distribution on the surface of the grinding wheel are controlled, a binding agent is removed without damaging abrasive particles, the binding agent is removed, the abrasive particles are protruded, and the purpose of dressing the grinding wheel is achieved.
At present, the research of the laser trimming technology focuses on the aspects of composite trimming, concave surface forming trimming, shaping and dressing processes, cooling processes, trimming detection and the like:
for example, patent application No. CN201420705937.4 discloses an ultrasonic laser composite dressing device for a superabrasive grinding wheel, which removes grinding wheel materials by using the composite action of ultrasonic vibration and laser heating, improves dressing efficiency, and optimizes dressing effect;
for example, patent application No. CN201410048837.3 discloses a concave curved surface superabrasive grinding wheel laser trimming device and method, which utilizes laser ablation to meet the shaping trimming requirement of a concave curved surface grinding wheel;
for example, patent application No. CN201711469922.7 discloses a grinding wheel double-laser dressing device and dressing method, which adopts two pulse lasers to realize the tangential dressing and radial dressing of the grinding wheel;
for example, patent application No. CN201410059905.6 discloses a grinding wheel laser trimming device with dual tangential liquid column flows and a trimming method thereof, which utilize an auxiliary dual tangential liquid column flow device to suppress the energy accumulation effect and avoid the occurrence of microcracks and graphite metamorphic layers during laser trimming;
for example, patent application No. CN201810632377.7 discloses a laser trimming molding grinding wheel device based on visual inspection and a trimming method thereof, which combines the visual inspection of a CCD camera with the laser trimming to realize the automatic trimming of the molding grinding wheel.
The existing laser trimming technology can only be applied to trimming of parallel grinding wheels or formed grinding wheels, and the existing technology can not be applied to the conditions that the grinding wheels with orderly arranged abrasive particles have complicated and changeable surface patterns and different abrasive particle arrangement forms; the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is realized based on laser trimming, and no relevant research is available in the current industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grinding wheel manufacturing device for ordered arrangement of abrasive particles based on laser trimming, which abandons the mode of controlling the distribution of abrasive particles before consolidation forming, and realizes ordered arrangement of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups by using the mode of trimming the grinding wheel after consolidation, thereby achieving the effects of good controllability of the arrangement form of the abrasive particles, simple grinding wheel trimming process, low manufacturing cost of the grinding wheel and wide application range, and solving the problems of high cost and difficult control of the conventional grinding wheel for ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a grinding wheel manufacturing device with abrasive particles orderly distributed based on laser trimming comprises a control device, a laser generating device, a composite filtering device and a grinding machine;
the control device is used for controlling the laser generating device, the composite filtering device and the grinding machine to act;
the laser generating device comprises a laser and a focusing module, and laser beams generated by the laser are focused by the focusing module and then are emitted to the outer circumferential surface of a conventional grinding wheel arranged on the grinding machine, and laser ablation is carried out on the outer circumferential surface of the conventional grinding wheel through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel;
the composite filtering device comprises a composite filtering strip and a transmission module for transmitting the composite filtering strip, and is arranged between the laser generating device and the grinding wheel of the grinding machine and used for enabling laser beams emitted to the conventional grinding wheel to perform laser ablation on the peripheral surface of the conventional grinding wheel according to the pattern of the composite filtering strip;
the grinding machine is used for clamping a conventional grinding wheel and driving the conventional grinding wheel to rotate, a driving shaft of the grinding machine is further provided with a tachometer used for collecting the linear velocity of the conventional grinding wheel, and the output end of the tachometer is connected with the input end of the control device.
The focusing module is provided with a beam expanding lens, a scanning galvanometer and a focusing lens which are sequentially arranged outside a light outlet hole of the laser;
the beam expander is used for expanding the diameter of the laser beam generated by the laser;
the scanning galvanometer is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is scanned on a two-dimensional plane; the control input end of the scanning galvanometer is connected with the control output end of the control device through the laser main control module;
the focusing lens is used for focusing the laser beam into a spot.
The laser adopts a pulse fiber laser, the pulse fiber laser and the focusing module are arranged on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform, the three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform is used for precisely adjusting the focusing position of a laser beam on a grinding wheel, and the control input end of the pulse fiber laser is connected with the control output end of the control device through a laser main control module.
The conveying module is composed of a conveying motor and a guide wheel assembly, the guide wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel and two driven wheels which are arranged in a triangular mode, the conveying motor is used for driving the driving wheel to rotate, and the control input end of the conveying motor is connected with the output end of the control device; the composite filter strip is tensioned on the guide wheel assembly and rotates along with the rotation of the guide wheel assembly under the action of the transmission motor.
The composite light filtering strip consists of an annular shading strip and a light transmitting strip, the shading strip is attached to the surface of the light transmitting strip, and the pattern on the shading strip is the same as the designed grinding wheel surface abrasive particle ordered arrangement pattern; the length and the width of the shading strip and the light transmission strip are equal; wherein, the length of light shield is equal to the integral multiple of emery wheel girth, and the width B of light shield:
wherein, WsThe width of the grinding wheel is F, the distance from the scanning galvanometer to the grinding wheel is F, and the defocusing amount of the guide wheel set is D.
Also comprises a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a first cooling module and a second cooling module; the first cooling module comprises a first guide pipe, a first flow controller and a first liquid flow emission head, the first guide pipe is used for providing cooling liquid, the first flow controller is arranged on the first guide pipe and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid provided by the first guide pipe, the first liquid flow emission head is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and a liquid outlet of the first liquid flow emission head faces the composite filter strip; the second cooling module comprises a second flow guide pipe, a second flow controller and a second liquid flow transmitting head, the second flow guide pipe is used for providing cooling liquid, the second flow controller is arranged on the second flow guide pipe and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid provided by the second flow guide pipe, the second liquid flow transmitting head is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and the liquid outlet of the second liquid flow transmitting head faces to the tangential direction of the outer circle of the grinding wheel. The control input ends of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are connected with the output end of the control device and receive the instruction of the control device to act; the liquid outlets of the first liquid flow emitting head and the second liquid flow emitting head are both flat.
The grinding machine also comprises a difference detection device, wherein the difference detection device comprises a linear displacement sensor and an angle encoder, the linear displacement sensor is used for scanning images of the conventional grinding wheel abrasive grain layer, the angle encoder is arranged on a driving shaft of the grinding machine, and the output ends of the linear displacement sensor and the angle encoder are connected with the input end of the control device.
A manufacturing method of a grinding wheel with abrasive particles arranged in an ordered manner based on laser trimming comprises the following steps:
step 1: manufacturing a conventional grinding wheel according to a conventional electroplating process;
step 2: installing the conventional grinding wheel manufactured according to the conventional electroplating process in the step 1 on a grinding machine, starting a main shaft of the grinding machine to drive the conventional grinding wheel to rotate, obtaining the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel in real time by a tachometer and an angle encoder, transmitting the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle to a control device, and simultaneously corresponding the position of the designed abrasive particles or abrasive particle group distribution patterns on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel to the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel;
and step 3: manually rotating an adjusting rod on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform to adjust the three-dimensional coordinate of the platform, so that a laser beam emitted by a pulse optical fiber laser sequentially passes through a beam expander, a scanning galvanometer and a focusing lens and then is emitted to a conventional grinding wheel along the radial direction of the conventional grinding wheel and passes through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel, and meanwhile, the distance between the focusing lens and an irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel is equal to the focal length of the focusing lens, namely the irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel is the focal position of the laser beam;
and 4, step 4: the power, Q frequency and pulse width of a pulse optical fiber laser are set in a laser main control module through a control device, and the scanning distance and scanning speed of a scanning galvanometer are set, so that a laser beam passing through a focusing lens is scanned in a reciprocating manner along the axial direction of a conventional grinding wheel, and the scanning range completely covers the width of the conventional grinding wheel;
and 5: adjusting the relative position of the guide wheel assembly to ensure that the part of the laser beam, which penetrates through the composite filter strip, has the defocusing amount of at least 1/3;
step 6: processing a shading strip of the composite light filtering strip according to the designed abrasive particles or abrasive particle group arrangement pattern;
and 7: the length of the light transmission strip of the composite light filtering strip is the same as that of the shading strip, the light transmission strip and the shading strip are overlapped to form the composite light filtering strip, then the composite light filtering strip is tensioned on the guide wheel assembly, the total length of the composite light filtering strip is set to be L, the diameter of the driving wheel is set to be d, and the driving wheel drives the motor to rotate every time the driving wheel drives the motor to rotate
And (3) rolling the composite filter strip for 1 degree;
and 8: the control device is used for setting the rotating speed of the driving wheel driving motor, controlling the driving wheel driving motor to drive the driving wheel and further driving the guide wheel component to rotate, so that the composite filter strip rolls at a constant speed, the rolling linear speed is consistent with the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel measured by the tachometer, and the rolling conversion angle is consistent with the angle value measured by the angle encoder;
and step 9: adjusting the positions of a first liquid flow emission head and a second liquid flow emission head, enabling a flat opening of the first liquid flow emission head to face the rolling tangential direction of the composite filter strip, enabling a flat opening of the second liquid flow emission head to face the tangential direction of the grinding wheel, starting cooling liquid, and forming a flowing liquid film on the surfaces of the composite filter strip and the conventional grinding wheel;
step 10: sending an instruction to a laser main control module through a control device, rotating the conventional grinding wheel at a low speed, scanning a laser beam in a reciprocating manner at a high speed in the width range of the conventional grinding wheel along the axial direction of the grinding wheel, and ablating the material of the grinding wheel by focusing the light beam of the composite filter strip on the surface of the grinding wheel to realize the processing of ordered arrangement of abrasive grains or abrasive grain groups;
step 11: and (3) finishing the conventional grinding wheel subjected to laser ablation until the three-dimensional profile of the surface of the abrasive particle layer of the conventional grinding wheel detected by the linear laser displacement sensor is consistent with the designed arrangement pattern of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) after the conventional grinding wheel is consolidated and formed, the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is realized by utilizing a laser trimming mode, no special requirement is required for the manufacturing process of the grinding wheel, the complex fine operation is avoided, the laser trimming is efficient, no equipment material is consumed in the process, the manufacturing efficiency of the grinding wheel with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced;
(2) the invention can realize complex and various abrasive particle arrangement forms through the composite filter strip, thereby obtaining various grinding wheels with different grinding characteristics and performances, and meanwhile, the composite filter strip has low manufacturing cost and can be recycled;
(3) the invention can be used for single-layer abrasive grinding wheels of electroplating bonding agents and multilayer abrasive grinding wheels of metal, ceramic and resin bonding agents, and has wide application range and good application flexibility;
(4) the liquid film is arranged to realize the cooling protection of the surface of the composite light filtering strip and the surface of the grinding wheel, and aiming at the composite light filtering strip, the liquid film takes away the heat absorbed by the shading strip on one hand and does not prevent the laser beam from being focused on the surface of the grinding wheel through the liquid film and the light transmission strip on the other hand; aiming at the grinding wheel, the liquid film can effectively weaken the detonation effect caused by the over-fast local temperature rise, and prevent the micro-cracks or carbonization of the abrasive particles.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the width of the shading strip according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a composite light filtering strip with grinding wheels arranged in phyllotaxis;
fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of a composite light filter strip with grinding wheels arranged in a staggered manner.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1: the invention relates to a grinding wheel manufacturing device with ordered arrangement of abrasive particles based on laser trimming, which comprises a control device, a laser generating device, a composite filtering device and a grinding machine, wherein the control device is used for controlling the laser generating device to generate the abrasive particles;
the control device is used for controlling the laser generating device, the composite filtering device and the grinding machine to act;
the laser generating device comprises a laser and a focusing module, and laser beams generated by the laser are focused by the focusing module and then are emitted to the peripheral surface of a conventional grinding wheel 17 arranged on a grinding machine, and laser ablation is carried out on the peripheral surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel 17;
the composite filtering device comprises a composite filtering strip 7 and a transmission module for transmitting the composite filtering strip 7, and is arranged between the laser generating device and the grinding machine and used for enabling laser beams emitted to the conventional grinding wheel 17 to carry out laser ablation on the peripheral surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 according to the shape of the composite filtering strip 7;
the grinding machine is used for clamping a conventional grinding wheel 17 and driving the conventional grinding wheel 17 to rotate, a driving shaft 18 of the grinding machine is further provided with a tachometer 14 used for collecting the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel 17, and the output end of the tachometer 14 is connected with the input end of a control device.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the focusing module is sequentially provided with a beam expanding lens 2, a scanning galvanometer 3 and a focusing lens 4 outside a light outlet hole of the laser;
the beam expander 2 is used for expanding the diameter of the laser beam generated by the laser and avoiding the energy accumulation of the laser beam from damaging other parts;
the scanning galvanometer 3 is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser beam to enable the laser beam to scan on a two-dimensional plane so as to achieve the effect of ablating the abrasive grain layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 by the laser beam; the control input end of the scanning galvanometer 3 is connected with the control output end of the control device;
the focusing lens 4 is used to focus the laser beam so that the laser beam is focused to form a fine, high energy density spot that ablates the abrasive layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the laser adopts a pulse optical fiber laser 1, the pulse optical fiber laser 1 and a focusing module are arranged on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform 6, and a control input end of a main control module 5 of the pulse optical fiber laser 1 is connected with a control output end of a control device; further, three-dimensional coordinate adjust platform 6 can adopt manual mode, also can adopt by controlling means controlled automatically controlled mode, be convenient for right pulse fiber laser 1 carry out slight position adjustment, avoid the condition emergence that pulse fiber laser 1 that directly removes and lead to damaged, further, also can improve the regulation precision, make the laser beam and the focus module coaxial of pulse fiber laser 1 outgoing.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the conveying module is composed of a conveying motor and a guide wheel assembly, the guide wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel 9 and two driven wheels 8 which are arranged in a triangular mode, the conveying motor is used for driving the driving wheel 9 to rotate, and the control input end of the conveying motor is connected with the output end of the control device; the composite light filtering strip 7 is tensioned on the guide wheel assembly and rotates along with the rotation of the guide wheel assembly under the action of the transmission motor; the triangular transmission module can break through the limitation of space, so that the structure distribution is more scientific, and the space utilization rate is maximized; furthermore, one side of the triangle formed by connecting the driving wheel 9 and one driven wheel 8 or two driven wheels 8 is arranged behind the focusing module and is opposite to the emitting direction of the laser beam, so that the emitted laser beam can be ensured to pass through the composite light filtering strip 7 to ablate the abrasive grain layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17.
The preferred scheme is as follows: also comprises a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a first cooling module and a second cooling module;
the first cooling module comprises a first guide pipe 101, a first flow controller 111 and a first liquid flow emission head 121, the first guide pipe 101 is used for providing cooling liquid, the first flow controller 111 is arranged on the first guide pipe 101 and used for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid provided by the first guide pipe 101, the first liquid flow emission head 121 is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and a liquid outlet of the first liquid flow emission head 121 faces the composite filter strip 7; further, the cooling liquid is colorless and transparent water-based cooling liquid; the liquid outlet of the first liquid flow transmitting head 121 is flat, and is used for converting a cooling liquid column into a flat liquid flow, so that a liquid film can be formed on the surface of the composite filter strip 7; the first flow controller 111 is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid so as to adjust the thickness of the liquid film, and the control input end of the first flow controller 111 is connected with the output end of the control device;
the second cooling module comprises a second flow guide pipe 102, a second flow controller 112 and a second liquid flow emission head 122, the second flow guide pipe 102 is used for providing cooling liquid, the second flow controller 112 is arranged on the second flow guide pipe 102 and used for controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid provided by the second flow guide pipe 102, the second liquid flow emission head 122 is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and a liquid outlet of the second liquid flow emission head 122 faces to the tangential direction of the excircle of the conventional grinding wheel 17; further, the cooling liquid is colorless and transparent water-based cooling liquid; the liquid outlet of the second liquid flow emission head 122 is flat, and is used for converting a cooling liquid column into a flat liquid flow, so that a liquid film can be formed on the surface of the abrasive grain layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17; a second flow controller 112 is used to control the flow of cooling fluid to adjust the thickness of the fluid film, and a control input of the second flow controller 112 is connected to an output of the control device.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the composite light filtering strip 7 consists of a shading strip and a light transmitting strip, the shading strip is attached to the surface of the light transmitting strip, and the pattern on the shading strip is the same as the design pattern of the grinding wheel surface abrasive layer; the length and the width of the shading strip and the light transmission strip are equal; wherein, the length of the shading strip is equal to the integral multiple of the circumference of the conventional grinding wheel 17, as shown in fig. 2: width B of light-shielding bar:
wherein, WsFor the width of the conventional grinding wheel 17, and F for scanning the galvanometer 3 through the conventional grinding wheel 17The distance D is the defocusing amount of the guide wheel set;
when the device is used, the composite light filtering strip 7 is tensioned on the guide wheel set, and when the composite light filtering strip 7 is installed, the rotation angle of the transmission motor is synchronous with the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel 17 so as to ensure that the patterns ablated on the abrasive grain layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 by the laser beams through the composite light filtering strip 7 are the same as the designed patterns; taking the phyllotactic arrangement grinding wheel and the staggered arrangement grinding wheel as examples, the designed composite light filtering strip 7 is respectively shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the control device adopts an industrial computer 16; in the existing industrial automation control, the industrial computer 16 is mostly used as a control device, because the industrial computer 16 has a fast calculation speed and a fast response speed, it has been widely used, and is not described herein again.
The preferred scheme is as follows: the abrasive particle ordered arrangement grinding wheel manufacturing device based on laser trimming further comprises a difference detection device, wherein the difference detection device comprises a linear displacement sensor 13 for scanning images of abrasive particle layers of a conventional grinding wheel 17 and an angle encoder 15 arranged on a grinding machine driving shaft 18, and the output ends of the linear displacement sensor 13 and the angle encoder 15 are connected with the input end of a control device; the linear displacement sensor 13 can transmit the scanned surface image of the abrasive layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 ablated by the laser to the control device, the control device compares the scanned surface image of the abrasive layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 ablated by the laser with the designed arrangement pattern of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups, and the angle encoder 15 determines the specific position of the difference position.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a grinding wheel with abrasive particles orderly arranged based on laser trimming, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: manufacturing a conventional grinding wheel 17 according to a conventional electroplating process;
the specification of the conventional grinding wheel 17 is 1A1-450 multiplied by 15 multiplied by 203mm, abrasive particles do not need to be orderly processed in the manufacturing process, and the distribution uniformity of the abrasive materials only needs to be controlled according to the conventional grinding wheel 17 process;
step 2: installing the conventional grinding wheel 17 manufactured according to the conventional electroplating process in the step 1 on a grinding machine, starting a main shaft of the grinding machine to drive the conventional grinding wheel 17 to rotate, obtaining the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel 17 in real time by a tachometer 14 and an angle encoder 15, transmitting the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle to a control device, and simultaneously, corresponding the position of the designed abrasive grains or abrasive grain group arrangement pattern on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 to the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel 17;
preferably, the rotating speed of the conventional grinding wheel 17 is set to be 50 r/min;
and step 3: manually rotating an adjusting rod on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform 6, adjusting the three-dimensional coordinate of the platform, enabling a laser beam emitted by a pulse optical fiber laser 1 to sequentially pass through a beam expanding lens 2, a scanning vibrating lens 3 and a focusing lens 4 and then to shoot to a conventional grinding wheel 17 along the radial direction of the conventional grinding wheel 17 and pass through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel 17, and simultaneously enabling the distance between the focusing lens 4 and an irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel 17 to be equal to the focal length of the focusing lens 4, namely the irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel 17 is the focal position of the laser beam;
in order to judge whether the laser beam is focused on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17, the distance between the focusing lens 4 and the conventional grinding wheel 17 can be adjusted in a reciprocating manner through the three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform 6 until the laser beam is stopped when the ablation light intensity of the laser beam on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 is maximum, namely the laser beam is focused on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17;
and 4, step 4: the power, Q frequency and pulse width of the pulse optical fiber laser 1 are set in the laser main control module 5 through the control device, and the scanning distance and scanning speed of the scanning galvanometer 3 are set, so that the laser beam passing through the focusing lens 4 is axially scanned in a reciprocating manner along the conventional grinding wheel 17, and the scanning range completely covers the width of the conventional grinding wheel 17;
wherein, the power of the pulse fiber laser 1 is 80w, the Q frequency is 50kHz, the pulse width is 100ns, the scanning distance of the scanning galvanometer 3 is set to be 16mm, and the scanning speed is 5000 mm/s;
and 5: adjusting the relative position of the guide wheel assembly to ensure that the part of the laser beam, which penetrates through the composite filter strip 7, has the defocusing amount of at least 1/3;
when the laser beam irradiates on the composite light filtering strip 7, the laser beam at the light transmitting strip part can directly transmit through, most of the laser beam at the light shielding strip part is absorbed, and a small part of the laser beam is scattered to the surrounding environment;
step 6: processing a shading strip of the composite light filtering strip 7 according to the designed abrasive grains or abrasive grain group arrangement pattern;
wherein, if aiming at the conventional grinding wheel 17 with large diameter and long circumference, the length of the light shading strip is equal to the circumference of the conventional grinding wheel 17, namely, the length direction of the light shading strip is processed according to the length direction 1:1 proportion of the design pattern on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17; if the length of the light shading strip can be selected to be equal to the integral multiple of the circumference of the conventional grinding wheel 17 aiming at the conventional grinding wheel 17 with small diameter, the length direction of the light shading strip is processed according to the proportion of 1:1 in the length direction of the design pattern, but the light shading strip is provided with the surface design pattern of the conventional grinding wheel 17 with integral cycles;
further, the width B of the shading strip is calculated by the width Ws of the conventional grinding wheel 17, the distance F from the scanning galvanometer 3 to the conventional grinding wheel 17, and the defocusing amount D of the guide wheel assembly, and the calculation formula is as follows:
i.e. the width direction of the shading strip is in accordance with the width direction of the design pattern on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17
Processing according to the proportion; the design principle of the width of the shading strip is shown in figure 2;
and 7: the length of the light transmission strip of the composite light filtering strip 7 is the same as that of the shading strip, the light transmission strip and the shading strip are overlapped to form the composite light filtering strip 7, then the composite light filtering strip 7 is tensioned on the guide wheel component, the total length of the composite light filtering strip 7 is set to be L, the diameter of the driving wheel 9 is set to be d, and then every rotation of the transmission motor is carried out
And the composite filter strip 7 rolls for 1 degree;
in this embodiment, taking the phyllotactic grinding wheel 18 and the staggered grinding wheel 18 as examples, the designed composite light filtering strip 77 is shown in fig. 3 and 4 respectively;
and 8: the rotating speed of the transmission motor is set through the control device, the transmission motor is controlled to drive the driving wheel 9, and then the guide wheel component is driven to rotate, so that the composite filter strip 7 rolls at a constant speed, the rolling linear speed is consistent with the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel 17 measured by the tachometer 14, and the rolling conversion angle is consistent with the angle value measured by the angle encoder 15;
and step 9: adjusting the positions of the first liquid flow emission head 121 and the second liquid flow emission head 122, enabling the flat mouth of the first liquid flow emission head 121 to face the rolling tangential direction of the composite filter strip 7, enabling the flat mouth of the second liquid flow emission head 122 to face the tangential direction of the conventional grinding wheel 17, starting cooling liquid, and forming flowing liquid films on the surfaces of the composite filter strip 7 and the conventional grinding wheel 17;
although the composite filter strip 7 has a large defocusing amount, the laser beam cannot focus on the composite filter strip 7 at a high energy density, a certain amount of heat is still collected after long-time irradiation, and the heat on the composite filter strip 7 can be taken away by a flowing liquid film, so that the characteristics of the composite filter strip 7 are prevented from being influenced; the liquid film on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 can effectively prevent the detonation effect caused by the over-fast local temperature rise, prevent the micro-cracks or carbonization of the abrasive particles and improve the grinding performance of the conventional grinding wheel 17;
furthermore, as the cooling liquid is colorless and transparent, the laser beam can directly penetrate through the liquid film, but in order to prevent the liquid film from influencing the characteristics of the laser beam, the thickness of the liquid film is required to be as thin as possible; the thickness of the liquid film can be adjusted by the first flow controller and the second flow controller;
step 10: sending an instruction to the laser main control module 5 through the control device, rotating the conventional grinding wheel 17 at a low speed, scanning a laser beam in a reciprocating manner at a high speed in the width range of the conventional grinding wheel 17 along the axial direction of the grinding wheel, and removing grinding wheel materials by ablating the surface of the grinding wheel through focusing of the light beam of the composite filter strip 7 to realize the processing of ordered arrangement of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups;
specifically, the control device controls the pulse fiber laser 1 to emit light, the conventional grinding wheel 17 rotates at a rotating speed of 50r/min, the laser beam scans reciprocally along the axial direction of the conventional grinding wheel 17 within the width range of the conventional grinding wheel 17 at a speed of 5000mm/s, the laser beam penetrating through the composite filter strip 7 is focused on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 to ablate and remove the material of the conventional grinding wheel 17, and the processing of ordered arrangement of abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is realized; further, in order to obtain a better laser trimming effect, the conventional grinding wheel 17 should rotate at a low speed as much as possible, and the surface linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel 17 is generally set to be 0.5-5 m/s;
step 11: the conventional grinding wheel 17 subjected to laser ablation is dressed by the following method:
after ablation is finished, detecting microcosmic fluctuation displacement data of the surface of the conventional grinding wheel 17 by using a linear laser displacement sensor and transmitting the data to a control device, obtaining a three-dimensional profile diagram of the surface of a grinding layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 subjected to laser ablation after digital filtering processing by the control device, comparing the detected three-dimensional profile diagram of the surface of the grinding layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 with designed abrasive particles or abrasive particle family distribution patterns, finding out a position with difference, then obtaining the position on the conventional grinding wheel 17 through an angle encoder 15, starting a grinding machine until the position rotates to a laser beam irradiation point, and starting a pulse fiber laser 1 to realize independent trimming of the difference position; and repeating the process for multiple times until the detected three-dimensional profile of the surface of the abrasive particle layer of the conventional grinding wheel 17 is consistent with the designed arrangement pattern of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle family, thus finishing the manufacture of the abrasive particle ordered arrangement grinding wheel.
Further, in the above operation process, the control device, i.e. the control program of the industrial computer 16, may be based on various programming languages such as Labview, VC, VB, C # and the like, so that the control device analyzes and judges according to the signal data of the tachometer 1414, the angle encoder 1515 and the linear laser displacement sensor received in real time, and sends a command to control the relevant functional parameters of the laser generating device, the composite filter device, the grinding machine and the flow controller, so as to automatically implement the trimming and manufacturing of the grinding wheel with ordered abrasive grain arrangement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) after the conventional grinding wheel 17 is consolidated and formed, the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups is realized by utilizing a laser trimming mode, no special requirement is required for the manufacturing process of the grinding wheel, the complex fine operation is avoided, the laser trimming is efficient, no equipment material is consumed in the process, the manufacturing efficiency of the grinding wheel with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced;
(2) the invention can realize complex and various abrasive grain arrangement forms through the composite filter strip 7, thereby obtaining various grinding wheels with different grinding characteristics and performances, and meanwhile, the composite filter strip 7 has low manufacturing cost and can be recycled;
(3) the invention can be used for single-layer abrasive grinding wheels of electroplating bonding agents and multilayer abrasive grinding wheels of metal, ceramic and resin bonding agents, and has wide application range and good application flexibility;
(4) the cooling protection of the surface of the composite light filtering strip 7 and the surface of the grinding wheel is realized by arranging the liquid film, aiming at the composite light filtering strip 7, the liquid film takes away the heat absorbed on the shading strip on one hand, and on the other hand, the laser beam is not prevented from being focused on the surface of the grinding wheel through the liquid film and the light transmission strip; aiming at the grinding wheel, the liquid film can effectively weaken the detonation effect caused by the over-fast local temperature rise, and prevent the micro-cracks or carbonization of the abrasive particles.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an abrasive particle is grinding wheel manufacturing installation in order arranges based on laser is maintained which characterized in that: the device comprises a control device, a laser generating device, a composite filtering device and a grinding machine;
the control device is used for controlling the laser generating device, the composite filtering device and the grinding machine to act;
the laser generating device comprises a laser and a focusing module, and laser beams generated by the laser are focused by the focusing module and then are emitted to the outer circumferential surface of a conventional grinding wheel arranged on the grinding machine, and laser ablation is carried out on the outer circumferential surface of the conventional grinding wheel through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel;
the composite filtering device comprises a composite filtering strip and a transmission module for transmitting the composite filtering strip, and is arranged between the laser generating device and the grinding wheel of the grinding machine and used for enabling laser beams emitted to the conventional grinding wheel to perform laser ablation on the peripheral surface of the conventional grinding wheel according to the pattern of the composite filtering strip;
the grinding machine is used for clamping a conventional grinding wheel and driving the conventional grinding wheel to rotate, a driving shaft of the grinding machine is further provided with a tachometer used for collecting the linear velocity of the conventional grinding wheel, and the output end of the tachometer is connected with the input end of the control device.
2. The abrasive wheel manufacturing device based on laser trimming and having ordered abrasive particle arrangement is characterized in that: the focusing module is provided with a beam expanding lens, a scanning galvanometer and a focusing lens which are sequentially arranged outside a light outlet hole of the laser;
the beam expander is used for expanding the diameter of the laser beam generated by the laser;
the scanning galvanometer is used for changing the propagation direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam is scanned on a two-dimensional plane; the control input end of the scanning galvanometer is connected with the control output end of the control device through the laser main control module;
the focusing lens is used for focusing the laser beam into a spot.
3. The abrasive wheel manufacturing device based on laser trimming and having ordered abrasive particle arrangement is characterized in that: the laser adopts a pulse fiber laser, the pulse fiber laser and the focusing module are arranged on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform, the three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform is used for precisely adjusting the focusing position of a laser beam on a grinding wheel, and the control input end of the pulse fiber laser is connected with the control output end of the control device through a laser main control module.
4. The abrasive wheel manufacturing device based on laser trimming and having ordered abrasive particle arrangement is characterized in that: the conveying module is composed of a conveying motor and a guide wheel assembly, the guide wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel and two driven wheels which are arranged in a triangular mode, the conveying motor is used for driving the driving wheel to rotate, and the control input end of the conveying motor is connected with the output end of the control device; the composite filter strip is tensioned on the guide wheel assembly and rotates along with the rotation of the guide wheel assembly under the action of the transmission motor.
5. The device for manufacturing the grinding wheel based on the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles by the laser trimming as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the composite light filtering strip consists of an annular shading strip and a light transmitting strip, the shading strip is attached to the surface of the light transmitting strip, and the pattern on the shading strip is the same as the designed grinding wheel surface abrasive particle ordered arrangement pattern; the length and the width of the shading strip and the light transmission strip are equal; wherein, the length of light shield is equal to the integral multiple of emery wheel girth, and the width B of light shield:
wherein, WsThe width of the grinding wheel is F, the distance from the scanning galvanometer to the grinding wheel is F, and the defocusing amount of the guide wheel set is D.
6. The device for manufacturing the grinding wheel based on the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles by the laser trimming, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: also comprises a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a first cooling module and a second cooling module; the first cooling module comprises a first guide pipe, a first flow controller and a first liquid flow emission head, the first guide pipe is used for providing cooling liquid, the first flow controller is arranged on the first guide pipe and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid provided by the first guide pipe, the first liquid flow emission head is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and a liquid outlet of the first liquid flow emission head faces the composite filter strip; the second cooling module comprises a second flow guide pipe, a second flow controller and a second liquid flow emission head, the second flow guide pipe is used for providing cooling liquid, the second flow controller is arranged on the second flow guide pipe and used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid provided by the second flow guide pipe, the second liquid flow emission head is used for spraying the cooling liquid, and a liquid outlet of the second liquid flow emission head faces to the tangential direction of the excircle of the grinding wheel; the control input ends of the first flow controller and the second flow controller are connected with the output end of the control device and receive the instruction of the control device to act; the liquid outlets of the first liquid flow emitting head and the second liquid flow emitting head are both flat.
7. The abrasive wheel manufacturing device based on laser trimming and having ordered abrasive particle arrangement is characterized in that: the grinding machine also comprises a difference detection device, wherein the difference detection device comprises a linear displacement sensor and an angle encoder, the linear displacement sensor is used for scanning images of the conventional grinding wheel abrasive grain layer, the angle encoder is arranged on a driving shaft of the grinding machine, and the output ends of the linear displacement sensor and the angle encoder are connected with the input end of the control device.
8. The method for manufacturing the grinding wheel with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles based on the laser trimming by the grinding wheel manufacturing device with the ordered arrangement of the abrasive particles based on the laser trimming as claimed in claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: manufacturing a conventional grinding wheel according to a conventional electroplating process;
step 2: installing the conventional grinding wheel manufactured according to the conventional electroplating process in the step 1 on a grinding machine, starting a main shaft of the grinding machine to drive the conventional grinding wheel to rotate, obtaining the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel in real time by a tachometer and an angle encoder, transmitting the actual rotating speed and the rotating angle to a control device, and simultaneously corresponding the position of the designed abrasive particles or abrasive particle group distribution patterns on the surface of the conventional grinding wheel to the rotating angle of the conventional grinding wheel;
and step 3: manually rotating an adjusting rod on a three-dimensional coordinate adjusting platform to adjust the three-dimensional coordinate of the platform, so that a laser beam emitted by a pulse optical fiber laser sequentially passes through a beam expander, a scanning galvanometer and a focusing lens and then is emitted to a conventional grinding wheel along the radial direction of the conventional grinding wheel and passes through the axis of the conventional grinding wheel, and meanwhile, the distance between the focusing lens and an irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel is equal to the focal length of the focusing lens, namely the irradiation light spot on the conventional grinding wheel is the focal position of the laser beam;
and 4, step 4: the power, Q frequency and pulse width of a pulse optical fiber laser are set in a laser main control module through a control device, and the scanning distance and scanning speed of a scanning galvanometer are set, so that a laser beam passing through a focusing lens is scanned in a reciprocating manner along the axial direction of a conventional grinding wheel, and the scanning range completely covers the width of the conventional grinding wheel;
and 5: adjusting the relative position of the guide wheel assembly to ensure that the part of the laser beam, which penetrates through the composite filter strip, has the defocusing amount of at least 1/3;
step 6: processing a shading strip of the composite light filtering strip according to the designed abrasive particles or abrasive particle group arrangement pattern;
and 7: the length of the light transmission strip of the composite light filtering strip is the same as that of the shading strip, the light transmission strip and the shading strip are overlapped to form the composite light filtering strip, then the composite light filtering strip is tensioned on the guide wheel assembly, the total length of the composite light filtering strip is set to be L, the diameter of the driving wheel is set to be d, and the driving wheel drives the motor to rotate every time the driving wheel drives the motor to rotate
And (3) rolling the composite filter strip for 1 degree;
and 8: the control device is used for setting the rotating speed of the driving wheel driving motor, controlling the driving wheel driving motor to drive the driving wheel and further driving the guide wheel component to rotate, so that the composite filter strip rolls at a constant speed, the rolling linear speed is consistent with the linear speed of the conventional grinding wheel measured by the tachometer, and the rolling conversion angle is consistent with the angle value measured by the angle encoder;
and step 9: adjusting the positions of a first liquid flow emission head and a second liquid flow emission head, enabling a flat opening of the first liquid flow emission head to face the rolling tangential direction of the composite filter strip, enabling a flat opening of the second liquid flow emission head to face the tangential direction of the grinding wheel, starting cooling liquid, and forming a flowing liquid film on the surfaces of the composite filter strip and the conventional grinding wheel;
step 10: sending an instruction to a laser main control module through a control device, rotating the conventional grinding wheel at a low speed, scanning a laser beam in a reciprocating manner at a high speed in the width range of the conventional grinding wheel along the axial direction of the grinding wheel, and ablating the material of the grinding wheel by focusing the light beam of the composite filter strip on the surface of the grinding wheel to realize the processing of ordered arrangement of abrasive grains or abrasive grain groups;
step 11: and (3) finishing the conventional grinding wheel subjected to laser ablation until the three-dimensional profile of the surface of the abrasive particle layer of the conventional grinding wheel detected by the linear laser displacement sensor is consistent with the designed arrangement pattern of the abrasive particles or abrasive particle groups.
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| CN103465187A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2013-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Manufacturing method of micro-structured large-abrasive-particle diamond grinding wheel |
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| CN103878704B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-03-23 | 湖南大学 | A kind of equipment utilizing optical-fiber laser dressing compact-type binding agent ultra hard emery wheel |
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| CN108081137B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-07-09 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of grinding wheel double excitation trimming device and method with gas-liquid parallel connection tubular type |
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