CN110721315A - 一种fk506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼药物上的应用 - Google Patents

一种fk506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼药物上的应用 Download PDF

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CN110721315A
CN110721315A CN201910882465.7A CN201910882465A CN110721315A CN 110721315 A CN110721315 A CN 110721315A CN 201910882465 A CN201910882465 A CN 201910882465A CN 110721315 A CN110721315 A CN 110721315A
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陈蔚
郑钦象
林森
葛超翔
王冬梅
南开辉
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Abstract

一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼症药物上的应用,利用眼表具有带负黏蛋白层的性质,通过在纳米胶束表面嫁接多肽,由于多肽具有两性解离的性质,通过多肽设计,使其在泪液环境中呈现带正电的性质,从而增加纳米粒子与眼表组织的相互作用,增加药物的眼表停留及角膜穿透。

Description

一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼药物上 的应用
技术领域
本发明具体涉及干眼症技术领域,具体涉及一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼症药物上的应用。
背景技术
干眼是最常见的眼表疾病,其发病率高、病程反复、机制复杂、难以根治而成为重要的社会公共卫生问题。其中抗原递呈细胞激活T细胞导致的炎症级联反应,是干眼发病的关键因素之一。FK506作为临床常用免疫抑制剂,抑制T细胞的活化作用,因此具有抑制干眼的效果。但FK506作为一种疏水性药物,泪液中溶解度低、眼表滞留时间短、角膜透性差等缺点导致药物生物利用度低,临床用药效果不如预期。本研究以增加FK506角膜眼表滞留及渗透性以提高药物生物利用度为设计思路,构建具电荷响应的载FK506缓释带电纳米粒子。通过在体和离体兔角膜进行性能评价,干眼小鼠模型进行疗效评估。
作为一种眼表疾病,滴眼液处理是临床上常用的用药方式。FK506作为一种疏水性药物其在泪液中溶解度低、眼表滞留时间短、角膜渗透性差造成用药生物利用度低。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的技术缺陷,本发明提供了一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼症药物上的应用。
本发明采用的技术解决方案是:一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)嵌段共聚物的制备:称取γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐溶于10mL无水 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,并置于圆底烧瓶内,室温下磁力搅拌,并通氮气,将两端分别为羧基和氨基的聚乙二醇(HOOC-PEG-NH2)溶于5 mL氯仿中,通氮气10 min 后,加入上述圆底烧瓶内,37 ℃下磁力搅拌反应24 h,乙醚沉淀,并过滤后,将沉淀用DMF复溶,用透析袋透析48 h去除小分子反应副产物,并冷冻干燥得固体产物HOOC-PEG-PBG;
(2)负载FK50纳米胶束的制备,将HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506按比例混合经透析袋透析相互作用,获得HOOC-PEG-PBG包载FK506形成核-壳结构的FK506缓释纳米胶束。
所述的γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐的用量为600 mg。
所述的聚乙二醇用量为500 mg。
所述的步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的透析袋的截留分子量(MWCO)均为3500 Da。
所述的步骤(2)中HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506的质量比为800-920:80-200。
一种FK506缓释纳米胶束在制备干眼症药物上的应用。
所述的FK506缓释纳米胶束中HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506的质量比为800-920:80-200。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法及其在制备干眼症药物上的应用,利用眼表具有带负黏蛋白层的性质,通过在纳米胶束表面嫁接多肽,由于多肽具有两性解离的性质,通过多肽设计,使其在泪液环境中呈现带正电的性质,从而增加纳米粒子与眼表组织的相互作用,增加药物的眼表停留及角膜穿透。
附图说明
图1为本发明胶束的载药量(a)和载药效率(b)评价。
图2为本发明载药胶束累积释放曲线测定。
图3为聚合物细胞安全性评价(a)和细胞摄取实验(b)。
图4为眼表炎症评价:a)裂隙灯观察;b)眼表评分。
图5为眼表细胞凋亡评价:a)TUNEL细胞凋亡检测;b)统计分析。
图6 为RT-PCR表达分析。
图7为Western blot表达分析。
具体实施方式
负载FK506 纳米胶束制备
称取600 mg γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐溶于10mL无水 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,并置于100 mL圆底烧瓶内,室温下磁力搅拌,并通氮气。将500 mg两端分别为羧基和氨基的聚乙二醇(HOOC-PEG-NH2)溶于5 mL氯仿中,通氮气10 min 后,加入上述圆底烧瓶内。磁力搅拌下 37 ℃反应24 h。乙醚沉淀,并过滤后,将沉淀用DMF复溶,用截留分子量(MWCO)为3500 Da 的透析袋透析48 h去除小分子反应副产物,并冷冻干燥得固体产物(HOOC-PEG-PBG)。将HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506按比例混合经截留分子量(MWCO)为3500 Da 的透析袋透析相互作用,获得HOOC-PEG-PBG包载FK506形成核-壳结构的FK506缓释纳米胶束。
实验分析
取不同载体药物比(920:80, 900:100, 850:150, 800:200)的PEP-PEG-PBG/FK506纳米药物,冻干,称量,用适量DMF溶解使其浓度为1 mg/mL, 超声5 min,稀释收,过滤(0.22 μm),用岛津三重四级杆超高压液相-质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS-MS,ShimadzuLC-8050)分析。
体外释放评价
取2.5 mL PEP-PEG-PBG/FK506纳米药物加入透析袋(MWCO:3500 Da)中,并置于含40mLPBS的 BD 管中,37 ℃、震荡(150 rpm)进行体外释放。在设定的时间点取4 mL透析液,并用等量的超纯水补足。将收集到的释放液冻干后,固体溶于1 mL 甲醇,超声混匀,过滤(0.22 μm)后用岛津三重四级杆超高压液相-质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS-MS,ShimadzuLC-8050)分析。UPLC-MS-MS 的方法如上描述相同。
细胞毒性及细胞摄取实验
细胞毒性:使用Kit-8试剂盒(CCK-8,Dojindo,Japan)对比分析 PEP-PEG-PBG与PEG-PBG的细胞毒性。
细胞摄取:将3×104 个人角膜上皮细胞接种在12孔板中,并加入1 mL含有90%高糖DMEM与10%FBS培养基中,37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养24h。然后更换培养基再各孔加入40μL(1 mg/mL)载药纳米制剂。实验共设含有PEP-PEG-PBG/FK506组、PEG-PBG/FK506组、PEP-PEG-PBG: PEG-PBG= 7:3/FK506组和空白对照组,每组3个副孔,在前述相同条件下按实验需求再培养2、4、6 h。将培养基吸出,并用PBS清洗3次。每孔加入1 mL超纯水,室温下等待2h后,细胞刮刀刮取细胞,并将细胞悬液移入1.5 mL EP管内,冷冻24 h后超声1 h,测定各个样品蛋白浓度,并稀释配平。蛋白浓度应用BCA试剂盒法测定(上海碧云天公司)。
治疗效果评价
本研究所使用的实验动物为6-8周龄、雌性C57BL/6小鼠84只,实验小鼠入选标准如下:裂隙灯检查无眼表感染和炎症,无角膜溃疡,无陈旧性的角膜白斑,角膜荧光素钠染色评分小于10分的健康小鼠。实验动物均由温州医科大学实验动物中心提供,经过温州医科大学实验动物伦理委员会的批准。70只小鼠饲养于智能环境控制系统(相对湿度30±5%,风速2.1±0.2 m/s,温度21-23 ℃)作为实验组(每组14只,共5组),氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.5 mg/0.2 ml)皮下注射抑制泪液分泌,每天3次,连续5天;14只小鼠饲养于正常环境中(相对湿度75%),不予任何处理作为正常对照组(NC)。饲养环境中光照从上方天花板向下方地面照射,12/12 h昼/夜循环交替光照。光照度18 lux。实验分为6组,如下:1)置于正常环境并无干预措施的正常对照组;2)氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.5 mg/0.2 mL)皮下注射同时PEP-PEG-PBG(1 mg/mL,一天4次)滴眼;3)氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.5 mg/0.2 mL)皮下注射同时PEP-PEG-PBG/FK506(1 mg/mL,一天4次)滴眼; 4)氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.5 mg/0.2 mL)皮下注射同时商品FK506滴眼(等量FK506);5)氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.5 mg/0.2 mL)皮下注射同时FK506混悬液(1 mg/mL,一天4次)滴眼。于实验第6天,采用麻醉后颈椎脱臼方法处死各组小鼠。
角膜荧光素染色:实验第6天,对全部实验小鼠进行裂隙灯角膜荧光素钠染色情况观察评估。角膜荧光素钠染色方法:1 mg的荧光素钠溶解于0.5 mL生理盐水中,吸取荧光素钠溶液0.5 μL滴入小鼠结膜囊,人工辅助眨眼2-3次,2 min后在裂隙灯显微镜下钴蓝光观察小鼠角膜的荧光素钠染色情况并进行总体评分。选用美国国立眼科研究所标准分级作为评分标准:小鼠角膜分为上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧和中央五个区域,每个区域染色情况分别评0-3分(0 分,无染色;1 分,散在点状染色;2分,弥漫点状染色;3 分,片状染色。5 个区域评分完毕后将其总和。以固定人员,单盲方式评估并记录结果
细胞凋亡分析:麻醉后颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,快速取出带眼球,立即使用生理盐水冲洗,滤纸吸干水分后放入OCT(冷冻保护剂)中(角膜垂直包埋,切面为冠状面),液氮速冻后(15 min),放入-20 ℃冰箱保存。冷冻切片机切片(矢状面,厚度 10 μm),直接实验或- 80℃恒温冰箱保存。将准备好的冰冻切片取出行角膜凋亡标志物检测。采用原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)免疫荧光染色法检测。
炎症因子表达分析(核酸水平):利用 RNA 提取试剂盒(RNeasy Mini Kit,QIAGEN)提取2只小鼠4眼球的全部结膜组织中的 RNA,用 M-MLV 逆转录试剂盒合成 cDNA,将模板 RNA 溶液和随机引物加到200 μL PCR管中,混匀后放入PCR仪加热70 ℃,5 min,迅速取出冰上放置5 min。取出PCR管,每管加入上述表格中余下四种成分的混合溶液。混匀,37 ℃孵育1 h 后,95 ℃ 5 min,-20 ℃保存样品用于PCR的扩增。
蛋白水平表达分析:按1:100哺乳动物总蛋白裂解液比 PMSF(100 mM) 的比例配制150 μL工作液于1.5 mL 离心管中,处死小鼠后,冰上操作取出3只小鼠的角结膜剪碎置于管内,电动球磨组织匀浆器匀浆约3-5min,冰上裂解2 h, 13300 rpm,4 ℃,离心15 min。取上清液转移至1.5 mL 离心管中。按试剂盒的方法进行蛋白表达分析。
结果分析
如图1所示,本发明纳米胶束具有较好的FK506包载能力和效率;图2说明了本发明纳米胶束具有较好的缓释效率;图3证明了该载体材料具有较好的生物安全性,包载后能促进药物对细胞的摄取;图4证明了胶束包载能够较好抑制眼表炎症;图5说明了本发明胶束包载能够显著抑制眼表细胞凋亡;图6说明了胶束包载能够显著抑制炎症相关因子表达(mRNA水平);图7说明了胶束包载能够显著抑制炎症相关因子表达(蛋白水平)。
综上所述,本发明制备的FK506缓释纳米胶束利用眼表具有带负黏蛋白层的性质,通过在纳米胶束表面嫁接多肽,由于多肽具有两性解离的性质,通过多肽设计,使其在泪液环境中呈现带正电的性质,从而增加纳米粒子与眼表组织的相互作用,增加药物的眼表停留及角膜穿透。
各位技术人员须知:虽然本发明已按照上述具体实施方式做了描述,但是本发明的发明思想并不仅限于此发明,任何运用本发明思想的改装,都将纳入本专利专利权保护范围内。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)嵌段共聚物的制备:称取γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐溶于10mL无水 N, N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,并置于圆底烧瓶内,室温下磁力搅拌,并通氮气,将两端分别为羧基和氨基的聚乙二醇(HOOC-PEG-NH2)溶于5 mL氯仿中,通氮气10 min 后,加入上述圆底烧瓶内,37 ℃下磁力搅拌反应24 h,乙醚沉淀,并过滤后,将沉淀用DMF复溶,用透析袋透析48 h去除小分子反应副产物,并冷冻干燥得固体产物HOOC-PEG-PBG;
(2)负载FK50纳米胶束的制备,将HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506按比例混合经透析袋透析相互作用,获得HOOC-PEG-PBG包载FK506形成核-壳结构的FK506缓释纳米胶束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸内酸酐的用量为600 mg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚乙二醇用量为500 mg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1)和步骤(2)中的透析袋的截留分子量(MWCO)均为3500 Da。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种FK506缓释纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506的质量比为800-920:80-200。
6.一种FK506缓释纳米胶束在制备干眼症药物上的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的FK506缓释纳米胶束在制备干眼症药物上的应用,其特征在于,所述的FK506缓释纳米胶束中HOOC-PEG-PBG与FK506的质量比为800-920:80-200。
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