CN110718525A - 一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110718525A
CN110718525A CN201911005915.0A CN201911005915A CN110718525A CN 110718525 A CN110718525 A CN 110718525A CN 201911005915 A CN201911005915 A CN 201911005915A CN 110718525 A CN110718525 A CN 110718525A
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inorganic amorphous
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林良
刘炳磊
韩连恒
颜廷来
刘华章
刘运平
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YANTAI YESNO ELECTRONIC MATERIALS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,包括键合丝基体和无机非晶镀层,无机非晶镀层由以下重量百分比的组分构成:SiO2 40%‑60%、Al2O3 15%‑30%、B2O 10%‑25%和Li2O 0.1%‑5%。本发明绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝具有较高的抗腐蚀性和抗硫化性能,抗拉强度高,打线作业性好,不影响基体键合丝与底盘焊接的粘结性;使用本发明可降低弧高,绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层可以增强线材与封装过程中胶水的粘附性,提高焊接可靠性,不会产生C、S等有害物质,耐蚀性远高于有机涂层;与镀钯、镀金等其他金属镀层类材料相比,本发明制备成本低,适用范围广,对环境无污染,适用于集成电路和LED封装行业。

Description

一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路领域,尤其涉及一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着电子信息技术的飞速发展,电子产品正向小型化、便携化、多功能化的方向进化。电子封装材料和技术使电子器件最终成为有功能的产品。现已研发出多种新型封装材料、技术和工艺。电子封装正在与电子设计和制造一起,共同推动着信息化社会的发展。
键合丝是半导体分立器件和集成电路封装业四大必需基础材料(芯片、框架、键合丝、封料)之一,作为芯片与框架之间内引线,实现稳定、可靠的电连接,广泛应用于半导体分立器件(晶体管、二极管、三极管、发光二极管LED等)和集成电路的封装,作为半导体封装的关键材料之一,它的功能是实现半导体芯片与引脚的电连接,起着芯片与外界的电流导入和导出的作用。目前,键合丝类型主要有金、银、铜、铝丝及金银合金、银铜合金丝等,其中使用量的80%以上为贵金属丝材。
键合丝总的发展趋势是微量元素复合化、成分合金化、线径细小化和低成本化,通过优化的合金化元素组成提高键合丝强度,使线径更加细小,降低弧高及破断率,提高可靠性和键合强度。但是目前键合铜丝存在氧化问题,银丝存在硫化、可靠性偏低等问题,目前解决键合丝易氧化、腐蚀的方法主要是在丝材表面增加抗腐蚀镀层,使丝材与空气等腐蚀介质隔绝,但常规电镀金、钯等会造成环境污染问题这也造成了键合丝制造成本的大幅度上升,使其无法得到广泛应用。
发明内容
提高键合丝的抗氧化、耐腐蚀能力而采取镀层的成本高且污染环境,本发明针对该问题,提供一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,包括键合丝基体和无机非晶镀层,其特征在于,所述无机非晶镀层由以下重量百分比的组分构成:SiO240%-60%、Al2O315%-30%、B2O 10%-25%和Li2O 0.1%-5%。
进一步,所述键合丝直径为10-100μm,所述无机非晶镀层厚度为 0.01-0.2μm;所述键合丝基体为金基键合丝、银基键合丝、铜基键合丝或铝基键合丝中的一种,金基键合丝中金的含量为20%-100%,银基键合丝中银的含量为60%-100%,所述铜基键合丝中铜的含量为60%-100%。
本发明还涉及上述绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)熔铸:将金、银、铜或铝金属经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为3-8毫米的芯线棒材;
2)拉丝:对步骤1)得到的芯线棒材进行拉丝,得键合丝芯线;
3)退火:采用氮气作为退火气氛对步骤2)所得键合丝芯线进行退火处理,所用退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为300-600℃,退火速率为60-120m/min,制得键合丝基体;
4)镀膜:按比例将无机非晶镀层各组分置入电熔池窑炉中熔化,将熔体存放于储料盒内,将步骤3)所得键合丝基体以30-200cm/min的速度通过储料盒,使键合丝基体表面均匀涂覆熔体;
5)固化包装:将步骤4)均匀涂覆熔体的键合丝基体通过固化装置冷却至20-30℃,得到绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,将冷却后进行绕线、包装。
进一步,在步骤2)拉丝过程中,对芯线棒材进行退火处理:采用氮气为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-2000mm,退火温度为400-1000℃,退火速率为30-100m/min。拉丝过程中对芯线棒材进行退火处理可以消除棒材中的内应力,提高其力学性能。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝具有较高的抗腐蚀性和抗硫化性能,抗拉强度高,打线作业性好,不影响基体键合丝与底盘焊接的粘结性;使用本发明可降低弧高,绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层可以增强线材与封装过程中胶水的粘附性,提高焊接可靠性,不会产生C、S 等有害物质,耐蚀性远高于有机涂层;与镀钯、镀金等其他金属镀层类材料相比,本发明制备成本低,适用范围广,对环境无污染,适用于集成电路和 LED封装行业。
附图说明
图1和图2为本发明实施例1所得非晶镀层银键合丝横截面SEM照片,图3和图4为本发明实施例2所得非晶镀层铜键合丝横截面SEM照片。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种直径为25μm(1.0mil,不包含镀层厚度)的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层银键合丝,组成键合丝的材料各成分重量百分比为:
Au用量为0.2%,Pd用量为0.1%,La用量为30ppm,余量为作为合金基材的Ag;外层绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层材料为SiO255%,Al2O326%, B2O 15%,Li2O 4%。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,选择合金基材:选择达到99.999%以上高纯度的银金属原料;
第二步,熔炼:根据合金成分百分比,采用在1250℃下利用氩气保护进行预合金并搅拌,在1150℃下进行连续拉铸,拉铸成直径为8±0.3mm的合金棒;
第三步,拉丝:首先通过粗拉设备将合金金属棒拉制成直径为1.55mm 的线材(此线径作550℃中间退火处理,采用罐式退火,退火时间60min,氮气氛围保护),其次通过中拉设备将粗拉半成品拉制成直径为0.26mm的线材,最后用细拉、超细拉设备将中拉半成品拉制成直径为25μm的丝线;
第四步,成品退火,在退火过程中采用氮气作为退火气氛,管式退火,退火炉有效长度为800mm,退火温度为400℃,退火速率为80m/min,使线材的机械性能达到BL>10.5gf、延伸率E/L 10-14%;
第五步,镀膜及固化:通过收放线装置使合金线以100cm/min的速度依次通过储料盒、0.02560mm模具、固化装置,使镀层材料均匀的涂覆在合金键合丝的表面上,得到镀层厚度为0.3μm的线材;
第六步,绕线;用放线设备检验键合丝的放线和应力情况;合格后置于复绕机上进行绕线;
第七步,检验和包装:用拉力试验机检验键合丝的机械性能是否符合要求,将检验合格的成品按照要求进行包装,入库。
可靠性测试:采用LED封装中的BSOB打线模式,封装好的样品进行冷热冲击、硫化测试和高温高湿试验,观察是否还能点亮,记录失效死灯的个数。
(1)硫化测试方法:将灌封好的样品灯珠(每组样品500片)放置于密闭容器内(升华一定的硫浓度),恒温85℃;硫化4h后取出测试光衰。镀膜的银合金键合丝光维率达到98%以上,且键合丝表面无外观变化,而非镀膜的银合金键合丝光维率仅在90%以上,外观有变黑,由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高银合金的抗硫化性能。
(2)冷热冲击测试方法:-40℃*30min-100℃*30min,每完成50个循环的热冲击,观察是否还能点亮,记录失效死灯的个数(每组样品1000片)。镀膜的银合金键合丝经过800循环0死灯,而非镀膜的银合金键合丝在500 循环后出现2个死灯。由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高银合金的可靠性。
(3)高温高湿试验:在85℃/85%RH的环境下测试一定时间,最后过回流焊260℃/5秒,测试100片。镀膜的银合金键合丝经过150h后无死灯,而非镀膜银合金键合丝经过150h后15个死灯,由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高银合金的抗腐蚀性能。
实施例2
一种直径为25μm(1.0mil,不包含绝缘覆膜厚度)绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶铜键合丝,组成键合丝的材料各成分重量百分比为:
铜键合丝Cu含量大于99.99%;外层绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层材料为 SiO258%,Al2O325%,B2O 16%,Li2O 1%。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,选择基材:选择纯度达到99.999%以上高纯度的铜金属原料;
第二步,熔炼:根据合金成分百分比,在1200℃下进行连续拉铸,拉铸成直径为7±0.3mm的合金金属棒;
第三步,拉丝:首先通过粗拉设备将合金金属棒拉制成直径为1.55mm 的线材,其次通过中拉设备将粗拉半成品拉制成直径为0.32mm的线材,最后用细拉、超细拉设备将中拉半成品拉制成直径为25μm的丝线;
第四步,成品退火,在退火过程中采用N2作为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为900mm,退火温度为500℃,退火速率为70m/min,使线材的机械性能达到BL>9gf、延伸率E/L 14-18%;
第五步,镀膜及固化:通过收放线装置使合金线以90cm/min的速度依次通过储料盒、0.02540mm模具、固化装置,使镀层材料均匀的涂覆在合金键合丝的表面上,得到镀层厚度为0.2μm的线材;
第六步,绕线:用放线设备检验键合丝的放线和应力情况;合格后置于复绕机上进行绕线;
第七步,检验和包装:用拉力试验机检验键合丝的机械性能是否符合要求,将检验合格的成品按照要求进行包装,入库。
可靠性检测-高温高湿试验:采用LED封装中的BSOB打线模式,不封胶,一定时间后观察是否有短路等失效现象。每组样品在85℃/85%RH的环境下测试一定时间,测试100片。镀膜的铜合金键合丝经过600h后无失效,而非镀膜铜合金键合丝经过300h后出现失效,由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高铜键合丝的抗腐蚀性能。
实施例3
一种直径为20μm(0.8mil,不包含镀层厚度)的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层金键合丝,组成键合丝的材料各成分重量百分比为:
Au含量为85%,Pd用量为1.5%,Ag用量为17.5%;外层绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层材料为SiO252%,Al2O327%,B2O 18%,Li2O 3%。
其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,选择合金基材:选择达到99.999%以上高纯度的金原料;
第二步,熔炼:根据合金成分百分比,采用在1550℃下利用氩气保护进行预合金并搅拌,在1250℃下进行连续拉铸的工艺,拉铸成直径为8±0.3mm 的合金金属棒;
第三步,拉丝:首先通过粗拉设备将合金金属棒拉制成直径为1.55mm 的线材(此线径作550℃中间退火处理,退火炉有效长度为1000mm,退火速率为80m/min,氮气氛围保护),其次通过中拉设备将粗拉半成品拉制成直径为0.26mm的线材,最后用细拉、超细拉设备将中拉半成品拉制成直径为20μm的丝线;
第四步,成品退火,键合丝进行退火在退火过程中采用N2作为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为800mm,退火温度为410℃,退火速率为100m/min,使线材的机械性能达到BL>5.5gf、延伸率E/L 5-10%;
第五步,镀膜及固化:通过收放线装置使合金线以100cm/min的速度依次通过储料盒、0.02060mm模具、固化装置,使镀层材料均匀的涂覆在合金键合丝的表面上,得到镀层厚度为0.3μm的线材;
第六步,绕线:用放线设备检验键合丝的放线和应力情况;合格后置于复绕机上进行绕线;
第七步,检验和包装:用拉力试验机检验键合丝的机械性能是否符合要求,将检验合格的成品按照要求进行包装,入库。
可靠性测试:采用LED封装中的BSOB打线模式,封装好的样品进行冷热冲击和高温高湿试验,观察是否还能点亮,记录失效死灯的个数;
(1)冷热冲击测试方法:-40℃*30min-100℃*30min,每次完成50个循环的热冲击后,观察是否还能点亮,记录失效死灯的个数(每组样品1000 片)。镀膜的金合金键合丝经过1000循环0死灯,而非镀膜的金合金键合丝在800循环后出现2个死灯。由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高金合金键合丝的可靠性。
(2)高温高湿试验:在85℃/85%RH的环境下测试一定时间,最后过回流焊260℃/5秒,测试100片。镀膜的金合金键合丝经过300h后无死灯,而非镀膜金合金键合丝经过300h后5个死灯,由此可见非晶镀层可明显提高金合金的抗腐蚀性能。
图1到图4为实施例1和2所得非晶镀层铜键合丝横截面SEM照片,从图中可以看出,键合丝基体和镀层均较致密,镀层厚度均匀,与键合丝基体结合紧密。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,包括键合丝基体和无机非晶镀层,其特征在于,所述无机非晶镀层由以下重量百分比的组分构成:SiO240%-60%、Al2O3 15%-30%、B2O 10%-25%和Li2O 0.1%-5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,其特征在于,所述键合丝直径为10-100μm,所述无机非晶镀层厚度为0.01-0.2μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,其特征在于,所述键合丝基体为金基键合丝、银基键合丝、铜基键合丝或铝基键合丝中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,其特征在于,所述金基键合丝中金的含量为20%-100%,银基键合丝中银的含量为60%-100%,所述铜基键合丝中铜的含量为60%-100%。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)熔铸:将金、银、铜或铝金属经过真空熔炼和定向连续引铸工艺,获得直径为3-8毫米的芯线棒材;
2)拉丝:对步骤1)得到的芯线棒材进行拉丝,得键合丝芯线;
3)退火:采用氮气作为退火气氛对步骤2)所得键合丝芯线进行退火处理,所用退火炉有效长度为600-1000mm,退火温度为300-600℃,退火速率为60-120m/min,制得键合丝基体;
4)镀膜:按比例将无机非晶镀层各组分置入电熔池窑炉中熔化,将熔体存放于储料盒内,将步骤3)所得键合丝基体以30-200cm/min的速度通过储料盒,使键合丝基体表面均匀涂覆熔体;
5)固化包装:将步骤4)均匀涂覆熔体的键合丝基体通过固化装置冷却至20-30℃,得到绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝,将冷却后进行绕线、包装。
6.根据权利要求5所述的绝缘抗腐蚀无机非晶镀层键合丝的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)拉丝过程中,对芯线棒材进行退火处理:采用氮气为退火气氛,退火炉有效长度为600-2000mm,退火温度为400-1000℃,退火速率为30-100m/min。
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