CN110716028A - Centrifugal model test simulation method and system for damming dam - Google Patents
Centrifugal model test simulation method and system for damming dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A centrifugal model test simulation method for a damming dam comprises the steps of simulating a damming body by using a mixture material of broken stones and sand in a model box, randomly arranging potassium nitrate powder in the damming body, placing the model box in a basket of a centrifugal machine, injecting water into the model box after centrifugal acceleration is stable at a set value, dissolving the potassium nitrate powder, forming a pore structure in the damming body in uneven distribution, and simulating uneven deformation; the invention also provides a centrifugal model test simulation system of the damming dam, aiming at the characteristics that the damming dam material has complex characteristics, the inside of the damming dam often has unevenly distributed large pore structures and the damming dam is unevenly deformed, and the unevenly distributed pore structures of the damming dam are simulated in the geotechnical centrifuge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of damming dam model tests, and particularly relates to a damming dam centrifugal model test simulation method and system.
Background
Barrage dams are often created along with geological disasters and are widely distributed in mountainous areas around the world. The existence of the barrage poses great threat to the life and property safety of downstream people, and once the barrage is not well treated, the barrage can cause a devastating disaster. The damming dam mainly comprises a 'natural' damming body formed by a landslide and a designed and constructed 'artificial' seepage-proofing body, and is obviously influenced by a dam foundation and a bank side slope. The dam is complicated changeable in environment, and self has functions such as manger plate flood discharge, consequently experiences the coupling effect of many processes such as frequent stress change process, deformation process, damaged process and seepage flow process, needs reasonable consideration hundred meters of dam body, the impervious structure of meter level, centimetre level structural plane and even millimeter level crack a plurality of yards of coupling response. The existing analysis of stress deformation and seepage characteristics and stability of the damming dam is mainly based on a theoretical method of the earth-rock dam, but different from the conventional earth-rock dam, the characteristics of the material of the damming dam formed by landslide are complex, the evolution of the working state and safety of a complex system of the damming dam is difficult to reasonably consider by the existing analysis theoretical method, and the deep research of the interaction characteristics of multiple bodies and multiple processes of the damming dam and the evolution mechanism of the long-term working state are urgently needed.
The geotechnical centrifuge applies a centrifugal force field equivalent to a gravity field on the model, so that the model has the same stress and similar deformation with the prototype, and the geotechnical centrifuge model test has obvious advantages in studying the deformation and damage mechanism of the dam slope. Due to the complex material characteristics of the dam, an unevenly distributed pore structure is often present during the formation process, resulting in uneven large deformation. At present, a centrifugal model test simulation technology for the damming dam is not available, and the important function of a geotechnical centrifugal model test means in the mechanical research of the deformation and damage characteristics of the damming dam cannot be well played.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for simulating a centrifugal model test of a damming dam aiming at the characteristics of complex material characteristics, unevenly distributed large pore structures in the damming dam and uneven deformation, and the invention aims to simulate the unevenly distributed pore structures of the damming dam in a geotechnical centrifuge
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a centrifugal model test simulation method for a damming dam comprises the steps of simulating a damming body by using a mixture material of broken stones and sand in a model box, randomly arranging potassium nitrate powder in the model box, placing the model box in a basket of a centrifugal machine, injecting water into the model box after centrifugal acceleration is stable at a set value, dissolving the potassium nitrate powder, forming a pore structure in the damming body in uneven distribution, and simulating uneven deformation.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, the gradation of the crushed stones and the sandy soil is adjusted according to the actual situation and the scaling effect of the geotechnical centrifuge.
Preferably, in the simulation, the potassium nitrate powder is arranged at the position where the pores are to be formed in the weir plug, the density of the potassium nitrate powder is controlled to be similar to the strength of the material of the weir plug, and the shape, position and number of the pores in the weir plug are controlled by adjusting the content, arrangement position and arrangement number of the potassium nitrate powder.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, a simulation seepage-proofing structure composed of a gypsum mixture is arranged in the simulation weir plug body, the simulation seepage-proofing structure is arranged at the central position along the width direction of the simulation weir plug body and penetrates from top to bottom, and the gypsum mixture is formed by mixing water, gypsum, sand and calcium carbonate and is configured according to a mixing ratio meeting the requirement of test strength.
The invention also provides a centrifugal model test simulation system of the damming dam, which comprises a model box 1, wherein a vertical water-permeable partition plate 2 is arranged in the model box 1 to divide the interior of the model box into two chambers, the side wall of one chamber is provided with a water outlet, a simulation damming body 3 mainly composed of crushed stones, sandy soil and potassium nitrate powder 8 is arranged in the chamber, one end of the simulation damming body 3 is contacted with the water-permeable partition plate 2, the other end of the simulation damming body is contacted with the inner side wall of the model box 1, and the side wall of the other chamber is provided with a water inlet 4 and a pressure port 5.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, a simulation seepage-proofing structure 6 composed of a gypsum mixture is arranged in the simulation weir plug body 3, the simulation seepage-proofing structure 6 is arranged at the central position along the width direction of the simulation weir plug body 3 and penetrates from top to bottom, the bottom of the simulation seepage-proofing structure is fixed at the bottom of the model box 1 through a groove structure, the simulation seepage-proofing structure 6 is provided with a strain gauge, the gypsum mixture is formed by mixing water, gypsum, sand and calcium carbonate, and the gypsum mixture is configured according to a mixing ratio meeting the requirement of test strength.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, the water inlet 4 is connected with an external water storage system, the water storage system comprises a water tank, an electromagnetic valve and a water pipe, wherein the water tank is fixed on the rotating arm of the centrifuge at a position close to the main shaft, and the water tank stores enough water for use in the test process before the test is started; the switch of the water tank is controlled by an electromagnetic valve, the water flow is supplied during the operation of the centrifuge, and water is conveyed to the other chamber through the water inlet 4 by the water conveying pipe.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, the water-permeable partition 2 is formed by bonding a wire mesh and a semi-permeable cloth, the water permeability of the semi-permeable cloth is such that water in the other chamber does not seep out under the action of centrifugal force, and the water can seep out after a certain air pressure is applied.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, semi-permeable cloth with different water permeability is bonded at different positions of the wire mesh, and the position of the seepage water is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the applied air pressure, so that a specific damming dam pore generation sequence is formed.
Preferably, in the simulation experiment, on the premise that the water in the other chamber is not leaked out before the acceleration of the centrifuge reaches a stable value, the water permeability of the semi-permeable cloth selected at the position where the pores are expected to be formed first is better than that of the semi-permeable cloth selected at the position where the pores are expected to be formed later, and the water-impermeable cloth is selected in the region other than the simulated weir plug body 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the centrifugal model test simulation of the uneven macropore of the damming dam and the uneven settlement of the dam body caused by the uneven macropore can be realized, and a foundation is laid for further revealing the deformation and damage characteristics of the damming dam.
2) Different damming dam pore distribution forms and pore formation sequences can be realized, various working conditions are simulated, and the application range is wide.
3) The simulation of the anti-seepage structure of the damming dam in the centrifugal model test can be realized.
4) The invention has low test cost, simple operation and simple control of each system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (perspective view one) of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view (perspective view two) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (top view) of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view (sectional view) of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The idea of the invention is to construct a simulated weir plug body by using a mixture of crushed stones and sandy soil with a certain gradation, randomly arrange potassium nitrate powder in the simulated weir plug body, and after the centrifugal acceleration is stabilized at a set value, introduce water into a model box to dissolve the potassium nitrate powder, so as to form a pore structure which is unevenly distributed in the weir plug body and simulate the generation of uneven deformation.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the simulation system of the present invention comprises a model box 1, a vertical water-permeable partition 2 is arranged in the model box 1 to divide the interior of the box into two chambers, wherein the side wall of one chamber is provided with a water outlet, a simulation weir plug body 3 mainly composed of crushed stone, sand and potassium nitrate powder is arranged in the chamber, one end of the simulation weir plug body 3 is in contact with the water-permeable partition 2, the other end is in contact with the inner side wall of the model box 1, and the side wall of the other chamber is provided with a water inlet 4 and a pressure port 5.
The invention has a specific structure as follows:
1. weir stopper body simulation system
The simulated weir plug body 3 is mainly formed by mixing broken stones and sandy soil, is arranged in a cavity of the model box 1, can adjust the gradation of materials according to the actual research situation on site and the scale effect of the geotechnical centrifuge, and simultaneously arranges a certain amount of potassium nitrate powder at the position where a pore is supposed to be formed in the simulated weir plug body 3 to control the density of the potassium nitrate powder so that the strength of the potassium nitrate powder is similar to that of the simulated weir plug body 3. According to the experimental scheme design, the content, the arrangement position and the arrangement amount of the potassium nitrate powder can be adjusted, so that the shape, the position and the amount of the pores in the weir dam can be controlled.
2. Seepage-proofing structure simulation system
Namely, the simulation impervious structure 6 constructed by the gypsum mixture is used for obtaining a proper simulation material which can meet the similar conditions of the model by adjusting the proportion of the mixture. The simulated seepage-proofing structure 6 is poured before the test sample preparation, and the height and the thickness of the simulated seepage-proofing structure can be adjusted according to the actual engineering condition and the scaling effect of the geotechnical centrifuge.
3. Water storage system
Comprises a water tank, an electromagnetic valve and a water delivery pipe. The water tank is fixed on the rotating arm of the centrifuge at a position close to the main shaft, and stores enough water for use in the test process before the test is started. The switch of the water tank is controlled by an electromagnetic valve, so that water flow can be supplied in the operation process of the centrifuge, and water is conveyed to the damming dam pore control system through a water conveying pipe.
4. Barrier dam pore control system
The main part is a cuboid hollow aluminum box 7, namely the above-mentioned "another cavity", one of them face is the water-permeable baffle 2 that is formed by bonding wire netting and semi-permeable cloth, and five other faces are formed by welding aluminum plate, also connect through the welded mode between aluminum plate and the wire netting, and the steel sheet bottom of wire netting face offside is equipped with water inlet 4 and pressure port 5, and water inlet 4 and pressure port 5 also can be established on other several steel sheets, but the effect is less than setting up at the offside obviously. The damming dam pore control system is placed in the model box 1 and behind the simulated damming body 3, and the water-permeable partition plate 2 is in contact with the simulated damming body 3. The inside water that fills in aluminium box before experimental, can select the semi-permeable cloth of suitable water permeability in the experiment, make the inside water of aluminium box can not ooze under the centrifugal force effect, can ooze after applying certain atmospheric pressure. In addition, semi-permeable cloth with different water permeability can be bonded at different positions, and the position of seepage water is controlled by controlling the size of applied air pressure, so that a specific damming dam pore generation sequence is formed.
5. Drainage control system
And water outlets are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the box walls on the two sides of the model box 1, so that water seeped from the barrier dam pore control system can be discharged from the box in time.
According to the system structure, the simulation test is carried out by the following specific steps:
(1) simulation system for preparing anti-seepage structure
The seepage-proofing structure simulation material is a gypsum mixture formed by mixing water, gypsum, sand and calcium carbonate, the mass mixing ratio of the four materials is adjusted, a pre-test is carried out to measure the compressive strength of the materials, and the gypsum mixture is prepared for standby according to the mixing ratio meeting the test strength requirement. And adjusting the shape and the size of a casting mold according to the shape and the size of an anti-seepage structure in the design of the test scheme, and casting the prepared gypsum mixture into the mold according to a set mixing ratio. And after the gypsum mixture is cured to the set strength, opening the casting mold, taking out the simulated seepage-proofing structure 6, and installing a strain gauge at a proper position. The prepared simulation seepage-proofing structure 6 is placed in a set position in the model box 1, and the bottom of the simulation seepage-proofing structure 6 is fixed at the bottom of the model box 1 through a groove structure.
(2) Prepare damming dam aperture control system
According to the factors of stable centrifuge acceleration, the shape of the damming dam, the formation sequence of damming dam pores and the like of the centrifuge, proper semi-permeable cloth is selected to be bonded on the wire mesh surface of the damming dam pore control system. On the premise that water in a damming dam pore control system cannot seep out before the acceleration of the centrifugal machine reaches a stable value, semi-permeable cloth with good water permeability is selected at the position where pores are expected to be formed firstly, semi-permeable cloth with poor water permeability is selected at the position where pores are expected to be formed later, and impermeable cloth is selected in the region outside the simulated damming body 3. The damming dam aperture control system with the semi-permeable cloth bonded thereto is placed at the rear of the mold box 1.
(3) Simulation system for preparing weir plug
The weir plug simulation material is formed by mixing broken stones and sand, and the gradation of the material is determined according to the actual engineering situation. In order to reduce the friction force between the simulated weir plug body 3 and the side wall of the model box 1, before filling the simulated weir plug body 3, vaseline is coated on the side wall of the model box 1, and then weir plug body simulation materials prepared by using design gradation and density as control indexes are respectively filled on two sides of the simulated seepage-proofing structure 6 in a layered mode. In the process of filling the simulated weir plug body 3, according to the position and the size of the pore in the experimental design, a proper amount of potassium nitrate powder with the strength similar to that of the simulated material of the weir plug body is filled at the position where the pore is to be generated. And the prepared damming body simulation system and the anti-seepage structure simulation system jointly form a damming dam model. And (3) embedding a proper amount of white foam fragments into the side surface of the model by using pins so as to facilitate the work of the centrifugal field non-contact displacement measurement system, wherein the fragments are randomly arranged.
(4) And placing the model in a centrifuge basket, connecting a water inlet of the damming dam pore control system with a water storage system, installing a water inlet and air inlet control electromagnetic valve, controlling the water inlet electromagnetic valve to enable the damming dam pore control system to be filled with water, and closing the water inlet.
(5) Starting the centrifugal machine and loading step by step until the acceleration is stable.
(6) And opening the air inlet control electromagnetic valve, gradually increasing the applied air pressure value, gradually seeping the water seepage in the damming dam pore control system from the position which is most easy to seep, stopping increasing the air pressure when all the semi-permeable cloth starts to seep water, and stabilizing for a period of time. If the water quantity in the damming dam pore control system is insufficient, the air inlet electromagnetic valve is closed, the water inlet electromagnetic valve is opened, and a water source is supplemented for the damming dam pore control system through the water storage system. Along with the water in the damming dam pore control system enters the damming dam model, the potassium nitrate powder in the damming body material is rapidly dissolved and is discharged from the drainage control system, and a large pore structure is generated at the corresponding position. And after the potassium nitrate powder is completely dissolved, closing the water inlet and air inlet electromagnetic valve.
(7) According to the test design, load is applied to simulate specific working condition.
(8) The centrifuge was turned off and the test was finished.
Claims (10)
1. A centrifugal model test simulation method for a damming dam is characterized in that a damming body is simulated by a mixture material of broken stones and sand in a model box, potassium nitrate powder is randomly arranged in the model box, the model box is placed in a centrifuge basket, water is injected into the model box after the centrifugal acceleration is stable at a set value, the potassium nitrate powder is dissolved, a pore structure which is unevenly distributed is formed in the damming body, and the generation of uneven deformation is simulated.
2. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation method of claim 1, wherein the gradation of crushed stone and sand is adjusted according to actual conditions and a geotechnical centrifuge scale effect.
3. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the potassium nitrate powder is arranged at a position where a pore is to be formed in the weir dam, the density of the potassium nitrate powder is controlled to be similar to the strength of the material of the weir dam, and the shape, the position and the number of the pores in the weir dam are controlled by adjusting the content, the arrangement position and the arrangement number of the potassium nitrate powder.
4. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the simulated weir dam body is provided with a simulated seepage-proofing structure composed of a gypsum mixture, the simulated seepage-proofing structure is arranged at the central position along the width direction of the simulated weir dam body and penetrates from top to bottom, the gypsum mixture is formed by mixing water, gypsum, sand and calcium carbonate, and the gypsum mixture is configured according to a mixing ratio meeting the test strength requirement.
5. The utility model provides a weir dam centrifugal model test simulation system, includes mold box (1), its characterized in that, be provided with a vertical permeable partition board (2) in mold box (1) and divide into two cavities with the incasement, the lateral wall of one of them cavity is opened there is the delivery port to in this cavity arrangement mainly by rubble, sand and potassium nitrate powder (8) the simulation weir cock body (3) that constitute, the one end and the permeable partition board (2) contact of simulation weir cock body (3), the other end and mold box (1) inside wall one contact, it has water inlet (4) and pressure port (5) to open at the lateral wall of another cavity.
6. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation system according to claim 5, characterized in that a simulation seepage-proofing structure (6) composed of a gypsum mixture is arranged in the simulation weir dam body (3), the simulation seepage-proofing structure (6) is arranged at the central position along the width direction of the simulation weir dam body (3) and penetrates from top to bottom, the bottom of the simulation weir dam body is fixed at the bottom of the model box (1) through a groove structure, the simulation seepage-proofing structure (6) is provided with a strain gauge, the gypsum mixture is formed by mixing water, gypsum, sand and calcium carbonate, and is configured according to a mixing ratio meeting the test strength requirement.
7. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation system according to claim 5, wherein the water inlet (4) is connected with an external water storage system, the water storage system comprises a water tank, an electromagnetic valve and a water pipe, wherein the water tank is fixed on the rotating arm of the centrifuge at a position close to the main shaft, and stores enough water for use in the test process before the test is started; the switch of the water tank is controlled by an electromagnetic valve, the water flow is supplied during the operation of the centrifuge, and water is conveyed to the other chamber through a water inlet (4) by a water conveying pipe.
8. The centrifugal model test simulation system for the weir dam according to claim 5, wherein the water permeable partition (2) is formed by bonding a wire mesh and a semi-permeable cloth, the water permeability of the semi-permeable cloth is satisfied that water in the other chamber cannot seep out under the action of centrifugal force, and the water can seep out after a certain air pressure is applied.
9. The centrifugal model test simulation system for the weir dam of claim 8, wherein semi-permeable cloths with different water permeability are bonded at different positions of the wire mesh, and the position of the seepage water is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the applied air pressure, so as to form a specific generation sequence of the holes of the weir dam.
10. The weir dam centrifugal model test simulation system according to claim 8, wherein the water permeability of the semi-permeable cloth selected at a position where pores are expected to be formed first is better than the water permeability of the semi-permeable cloth selected at a position where pores are expected to be formed after on the premise of ensuring that water in the other chamber does not seep out before the acceleration of the centrifuge reaches a stable value, and the water impermeable cloth is selected in a region other than the simulated weir plug body (3).
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| CN115825384A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-03-21 | 浙江大学 | Centrifugal model test device and method for simulating landslide to induce river blockage of weir plug body |
| CN117330468A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2024-01-02 | 四川农业大学 | Weir-stopper simulation experiment device and method under complex seepage condition |
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