CN110707057A - 一种SiC功率器件的封装结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及半导体技术领域,特别涉及一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,包括SiC芯片、导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器;SiC芯片的两面对称设有导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器,导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器沿远离SiC芯片的方向依次排列;陶瓷基板包括中间基板和金属覆层,中间基板的两面均覆设有金属覆层;中间基板上设有通孔,通孔的两端均设有石墨烯垫片,石墨烯垫片与金属覆层连接。本申请通过在SiC芯片的两面均设置有陶瓷基板和散热器,同时在陶瓷基板的中间基板设置有通孔并且通孔两端设有石墨烯垫片,可以增加中间基板与金属覆层之间的散热路径,以进一步提高封装结构的散热效率,保证SiC芯片能够正常工作,有效地解决了现有技术存在散热效率低的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及半导体技术领域,特别涉及一种SiC功率器件的封装结构。
背景技术
随着各类新能源电能的不断发展,对变流器的性能需求将不断提高。为了进一步改进变流器,作为新一代宽禁带半导体材料,SiC开始在开关器件领域得到越来越多的重视。SiC器件有着开关频率高、损耗低、耐压高等特点,随着研发进展的不断完成,将会逐渐替代Si器件,成为新一代开关器件的主要材料。
尽管SiC芯片的性能优越,有着更好的温度特性,受限于技术等方面的问题,目前SiC器件的封装仍采用适用于Si器件的封装,无法完全发挥其高温工作特性。同时模块将面临着长时间工作的带来的可靠性问题。其中之一,就是在持续热应力作用下,模块封装内不同材料的热膨胀系数不匹配导致从芯片到环境的热传导路径老化失效。该问题将会影响模块散热,使得模块工作时承受更高的温度而加速老化。而且较之于Si芯片,SiC芯片有着更大的热导率与杨氏模量,且本身就是为了适用于更高温度的工作环境中。这些问题将导致SiC器件在工作工程中更容易出现因热应力产生的老化等现象,可靠性问题更加严峻。
总而言之,现有的SiC器件的封装结构存在散热效率低、散热效果差的缺陷,容易影响到SiC芯片的正常工作。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请的目的在于提供一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,有效地解决现有技术存在散热效率低的技术问题,以进一步提高封装结构的散热效率,保证SiC芯片能够正常工作。
为达到上述目的,本申请提供以下技术方案:
一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,包括SiC芯片、导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器;所述SiC芯片的两面对称设有所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器,所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器沿远离所述SiC芯片的方向依次排列;所述陶瓷基板包括中间基板和金属覆层,所述中间基板的两面均覆设有所述金属覆层;所述中间基板上设有通孔,所述通孔的两端均设有石墨烯垫片,所述石墨烯垫片与所述金属覆层连接。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,还包括缓冲层,所述导电层通过所述缓冲层与所述陶瓷基板连接。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,还包括纳米银层或纳米银铜层,所述缓冲层通过所述纳米银层或纳米银铜层与所述陶瓷基板连接。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,还包括石墨烯薄膜,所述缓冲层通过所述石墨烯薄膜与所述导电层连接。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述缓冲层具体为钼垫片或钼银复合垫片。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述导电层具体为纳米银材料或纳米银铜材料。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述金属覆层具体为覆铜层或覆铝层。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述SiC芯片同一面上的所述陶瓷基板的数量为两个,两个所述陶瓷基板叠合连接。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述散热器设有散热翅片。
优选地,在上述的封装结构中,所述散热翅片插设于冷却液中。
与现有技术相比,本申请的有益效果是:
本申请提供的一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,包括SiC芯片、导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器;所述SiC芯片的两面对称设有所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器,所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器沿远离所述SiC芯片的方向依次排列;所述陶瓷基板包括中间基板和金属覆层,所述中间基板的两面均覆设有所述金属覆层;所述中间基板上设有通孔,所述通孔的两端均设有石墨烯垫片,所述石墨烯垫片与所述金属覆层连接。本申请通过在SiC芯片的两面均设置有陶瓷基板和散热器,实现了对SiC芯片两面封装,相比于只通过单面散热的SiC芯片的封装结构,本申请在SiC芯片两面均设置有散热器,实现了SiC芯片的两面散热,从而提高了SiC芯片对外的散热效果;同时本申请通过在陶瓷基板的中间基板设置有通孔,可以增加中间基板与金属覆层之间的散热路径,并且在通孔的两端与金属覆层接触的表面设置有高热导率的石墨烯垫片,石墨烯垫片可以充当金属覆层与通孔内的空气之间的导热介质,使得通孔内的空气的热量可以快速传导金属覆层中,进而可以提高中间基板和金属覆层之间的热导率,从而提高了中间基板与金属覆层之间的散热效率,进而提高了SiC芯片的对外散热效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为传统的SiC功率器件的封装结构的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种SiC功率器件的封装结构的结构示意图。
图中:
1为SiC芯片、2为导电层、3为陶瓷基板、31为中间基板、311为通孔、312为石墨烯垫片、32为金属覆层、4为散热器、41为散热翅片、5为缓冲层、51为纳米银层或纳米银铜层、6为石墨烯薄膜、71为IGBT芯片、72为JBS芯片、73为DBC板、74为基板、75为导热硅脂、76为翅柱散热器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请实施例的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可更换连接,或一体地连接,可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接,可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
请参阅图1,图1为传统大功率SiC功率器件的焊接式封装结构图,封装结构从上往下依次是芯片、纳米银层、覆铜陶瓷基板(Direct Bonding Copper,DBC)、纳米银层、基板74、导热硅脂75、翅柱散热器76。DBC板73为“铜–陶瓷–铜”的三明治结构,同时具备上层导电、中层绝缘及下层散热的功能,基板74为DBC板73提供机械支撑,并将芯片产生的热量传递至散热器。焊接式混合模块是将IGBT芯片71和结势垒肖特基整流器JBS芯片72(JunctionBarrier Schottky rectifiers,JBS)通过焊料直接焊接在DBC板73上,并通过键合线连接IGBT芯片71和JBS芯片72,基板74底部连接翅片散热器,提供主要的散热通道,实现基板74与外界环境的热量传递,图1的箭头为芯片对外散热的方向。在基板74和翅柱散热器76之间会涂抹一层导热硅脂75,目的是让基板74和翅柱散热器76紧密连接,减小了空气隙缝带来的热阻,提高SiC混合模块的散热性能。但是由于DBC中陶瓷层材料本身的热导率低,在大功率SiC混合模块工作的情况下,芯片产生的热量不能及时散发出去,最高温度急剧上升,最终导致芯片失效。本申请提供了一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,有效地解决现有技术存在散热效率低的技术问题,以进一步提高封装结构的散热效率,保证SiC芯片1能够正常工作。
请参考图2,本申请实施例提供了一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,包括SiC芯片1、导电层2、陶瓷基板3和散热器4;SiC芯片1的两面对称设有导电层2、陶瓷基板3和散热器4,导电层2、陶瓷基板3和散热器4沿远离SiC芯片1的方向依次排列;陶瓷基板3包括中间基板31和金属覆层32,中间基板31的两面均覆设有金属覆层32;中间基板31上设有通孔311,通孔311的两端均设有石墨烯垫片312,石墨烯垫片312与金属覆层32连接。
更具体地说,由于相比于金属,石墨烯更容易与空气中的热量进行交换,因此,石墨烯垫片312可以完全堵住通孔311的两端,这样设置使得通孔311内的空气的热量可以通过石墨烯垫片312传导给金属覆层32,石墨烯垫片312可以起到了充当金属覆层32和通孔311内的空气的导热介质的作用;而石墨烯垫片312也可以不完全堵住通孔311的两端,这样使得通孔311内的空气的热量既可以直接传导给金属覆层32,又可以通过能通过石墨烯垫片312传导给金属覆层32,石墨烯垫片312同样也可以起到了充当金属覆层32和通孔311内的空气的导热介质的作用。
本申请通过在SiC芯片1的两面均设置有陶瓷基板3和散热器4,实现了对SiC芯片1两面封装,相比于只通过单面散热的SiC芯片1的封装结构,本申请在SiC芯片1两面均设置有散热器,实现了SiC芯片1的两面散热,从而提高了SiC芯片1对外的散热效果,图2的箭头表示为SiC芯片1的对外散热方向;同时本申请通过在陶瓷基板3的中间基板31设置有通孔311,多个通孔311均匀地设置在中间基板31上,可以增加中间基板31与金属覆层32之间的散热路径,并且在通孔311的两端与金属覆层32接触的表面设置有高热导率的石墨烯垫片312,石墨烯垫片312可以充当金属覆层32与通孔311内的空气之间的导热介质,使得通孔311内的空气的热量可以快速传导金属覆层32中,进而可以提高中间基板31和金属覆层32之间的热导率,从而提高了中间基板31与金属覆层32之间的散热效率,进而提高了SiC芯片1的对外散热效率。另外,这样设置既可以降低SiC芯片1内部电气回路的寄生电感,还可以增加整体的散热效率,保证SiC芯片1在高速开关的动作过程中,降低互连层烧结处的电压过冲及散热不均匀的现象,从而保证SiC芯片1的稳定运行与高散热效率。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,还包括缓冲层,导电层2通过缓冲层5与陶瓷基板3连接。缓冲层5可以吸收SiC芯片1的外来冲击,降低外来冲击对SiC芯片1的影响。同时由于两面散热的封装结构采用缓冲层5代替原有的键合引线,不仅可以实现了电气连接,而且还可以实现了两面散热。缓冲层5与SiC芯片1的导电层2相连,进而与陶瓷基板3连接,这使得SiC芯片1产生的热量可以同时从SiC芯片1的两面散失,可以有效地提高了SiC芯片1的散热性能。
更具体地说,缓冲层5可以只设置于SiC芯片1的单面,也可以设置于SiC芯片1的两面,无论缓冲层5设置在SiC芯片1的单面或两面,缓冲层5均可以对SiC芯片1起到缓冲作用。而由于在SiC芯片1安装好后,SiC芯片1主要受到来自顶面的冲击,故本申请的缓冲层5优选为设置在SiC芯片1的顶面,本申请的附图2也是画出了缓冲层5设置在SiC芯片1的顶面的情况。对于缓冲层5设置于SiC芯片1的两面的情况,本申请不再一一赘述。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,还包括纳米银层或纳米银铜层,缓冲层5通过纳米银层或纳米银铜层与陶瓷基板3连接,图2的标识51为纳米银层或纳米银铜层。由于纳米银和纳米银铜具有高导热性、高导电性的特点,在缓冲层5与陶瓷基板3的接触的表面设有纳米银层或纳米银铜层,可以有效地提高缓冲层5与陶瓷基板3的热导率,进而提高SiC芯片1的对外散热效率。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,还包括石墨烯薄膜6,缓冲层5通过石墨烯薄膜6与导电层2连接。在铺设石墨烯薄膜6之后,SiC芯片1的热量首先迅速横向扩散,可以由之前的一个发热点变为现在的一个发热面,再进行纵向传输,所以在SiC芯片1的两面设置有高热导率的石墨烯薄膜6可以改变功率器件的散热通道,从而加速了封装结构对热量的传输,因此提高模块的使用寿命和可靠性。
进一步地,在本实施例中,缓冲层5具体为钼垫片或钼银复合垫片。缓冲层5可以是厚钼垫片或钼银复合垫片等热膨胀系数较小的热应力缓冲材料,在内部温度高时,缓冲层5不易膨胀变大,并且还可以保持原有的缓冲功能,不影响SiC芯片1的正常工作。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,导电层2具体为纳米银材料或纳米银铜材料。由于纳米银和纳米银铜均具有高导热性、高导电性的特点,纳米银层和纳米银铜层均可以用于作为SiC芯片1的导电涂层。更具体地说,在散热分析中,通常都采用热阻来描述不同材料的散热能力,热阻Rth的计算公式为Rth=d/Aλ,其中λ代表导热率,d代表厚度,A代表导热面积,即该材料的λ越高,d越薄,A越大,其Rth越小。由于纳米银铜烧结块体的热膨胀系数与传统材料的基本一致,能够与Si以及SiC芯片1良好地匹配。同时,根据热阻Rth的计算公式,纳米银铜材料的导热率λ大于纳米银材料的导热率λ,通过在热应力条件允许的情况下,可以减小纳米银铜涂层的厚度,进而可以有效减小热阻Rth,从而提升功率器件整体的散热效率,提高运行的可靠性,因此导电层2最优选是纳米银铜层。
进一步地,在本实施例中,金属覆层32具体为覆铜层或覆铝层。铜和铝为常见的具有高导热系数的金属材料,通过在中间基板31的两面均覆设有覆铜层或覆铝层,可以有效地提高陶瓷基板3的散热效率,从而提高整个封装结构的散热效率。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,SiC芯片1同一面上的陶瓷基板3的数量为两个,两个陶瓷基板3叠合连接。通过在SiC芯片1的两面均设置有双层陶瓷基板3,可以有效地提高封装结构的整体散热效率。当然,陶瓷基板3的数量不宜过多,过多反而容易影响封装结构的散热效率,陶瓷基板3的数量最佳选为1个~2个。
进一步地,在本实施例中,请参阅图2,散热器4设有散热翅片41。散热翅片41的设置可以有效地增加散热器4的散热面积,从而可以提高散热器4的对外散热效率。
进一步地,在本实施例中,散热翅片41插设于冷却液中。散热翅片41由高导热材料制成,通过流动的冷却液不断通过散热翅片41并且带走散热翅片41表面的热量,具有热交换效率高、散热效果好的优点,使得SiC芯片1内部产生的热量不断依次通过陶瓷基板3、散热器4和散热翅片41向外散发并且通过流动的冷却液带走。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种SiC功率器件的封装结构,其特征在于,包括SiC芯片、导电层、陶瓷基板和散热器;
所述SiC芯片的两面对称设有所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器,所述导电层、所述陶瓷基板和所述散热器沿远离所述SiC芯片的方向依次排列;
所述陶瓷基板包括中间基板和金属覆层,所述中间基板的两面均覆设有所述金属覆层;
所述中间基板上设有通孔,所述通孔的两端均设有石墨烯垫片,所述石墨烯垫片与所述金属覆层连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,还包括缓冲层,所述导电层通过所述缓冲层与所述陶瓷基板连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的封装结构,其特征在于,还包括纳米银层或纳米银铜层,所述缓冲层通过所述纳米银层或纳米银铜层与所述陶瓷基板连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的封装结构,其特征在于,还包括石墨烯薄膜,所述缓冲层通过所述石墨烯薄膜与所述导电层连接。
5.根据权利要求2-4任意一项所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述缓冲层具体为钼垫片或钼银复合垫片。
6.根据权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述导电层具体为纳米银材料或纳米银铜材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述金属覆层具体为覆铜层或覆铝层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述SiC芯片同一面上的所述陶瓷基板的数量为两个,两个所述陶瓷基板叠合连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述散热器设有散热翅片。
10.根据权利要求9所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述散热翅片插设于冷却液中。
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