CN110702941A - A device and method for measuring the sensing characteristics of a flow velocity sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种流速传感器传感特性的测量装置及方法，测量装置包括流速传感器、水槽、电机、位移传感器、信号调理电路、自动控温加热器、温度计；水槽的顶部两侧相对称的设有导轨一，导轨一上相对应的滑动设置有滑块一，滑块一上连接有导轨二，导轨二上活动连接有滑块二，滑块二的底部连接有伸入水槽内部的夹持杆，夹持杆的底部设置有用于固定流速传感器的夹持器，导轨二上的滑块二通过电机驱动；流速传感器材料尖端发生的形变由位移传感器检测并记录；水槽内设置有自动控温加热器和温度计；流速传感器的信号引线连接至信号调理电路，用于测量流速传感器材料两端产生的电势差。
The invention discloses a measuring device and method for the sensing characteristics of a flow velocity sensor. The measuring device comprises a flow velocity sensor, a water tank, a motor, a displacement sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, an automatic temperature control heater and a thermometer; There is a guide rail one, a slide block 1 is provided correspondingly on the guide rail one, a guide rail two is connected to the slide block one, a slide block two is movably connected to the guide rail two, and the bottom of the slide block two is connected with a clamp extending into the inside of the water tank Rod, the bottom of the clamping rod is provided with a holder for fixing the flow rate sensor, and the second slider on the guide rail is driven by a motor; the deformation of the material tip of the flow rate sensor is detected and recorded by a displacement sensor; there is an automatic temperature control in the water tank A heater and a thermometer; the signal leads of the flow sensor are connected to a signal conditioning circuit for measuring the potential difference developed across the material of the flow sensor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及流速测试技术以及传感器检测技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于IPMC(Ion-exchange polymer metal composite，离子聚合物金属复合材料)的新型流速传感器传感特性的测试系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of flow velocity testing technology and sensor detection technology, in particular to a testing system and method for the sensing characteristics of a novel flow velocity sensor based on IPMC (Ion-exchange polymer metal composite, ionic polymer metal composite).
背景技术Background technique
IPMC是一类被称之为“人工肌肉”的电活性聚合材料，它的结构类似于一种“三明治”形式，其中间是一层离子交换膜，离子交换膜内包含有金属阳离子和溶剂分子，通过化学镀的制作工艺，将金/铂等贵金属镀在离子交换膜的两个表面，使离子交换膜外侧的两个表面上各附着有一层金属电极。IPMC is a class of electroactive polymeric materials called "artificial muscles", its structure is similar to a "sandwich" form, in which is an ion exchange membrane, which contains metal cations and solvent molecules , through the production process of chemical plating, gold/platinum and other precious metals are plated on the two surfaces of the ion exchange membrane, so that a layer of metal electrodes is attached to each of the two surfaces outside the ion exchange membrane.
IPMC材料具有出色的传感能力，且表现为直接的机电效应，施加在IPMC材料上的力或变形会在离子交换膜外侧的两个电极之间产生可检测的电信号。针对这种IPMC材料所固有的传感特性，我们之前也已经提出了利用IPMC材料制作的新型流速传感器，但实验设计的传感器所处环境较为理想化，而真实海洋中的海流情况却十分复杂，那么如何解决这一些不可控因素的影响，如何较为真实地模拟出海洋中的海流运动及其复杂的环境条件，以便于较为真实的反映出该流速传感器的传感特性，目前尚未有较好的手段，故设计和完善相关流速传感器传感特性的测试系统及方法，对于新型流速传感器的实践发展与性能优化，有着至关重要的意义。IPMC materials have excellent sensing capabilities and exhibit a direct electromechanical effect, where a force or deformation applied to the IPMC material produces a detectable electrical signal between two electrodes on the outside of the ion-exchange membrane. In view of the inherent sensing characteristics of this IPMC material, we have also proposed a new flow velocity sensor made of IPMC material before, but the environment of the experimentally designed sensor is more ideal, and the current situation in the real ocean is very complex. So how to solve the influence of these uncontrollable factors, how to simulate the current movement in the ocean and its complex environmental conditions more realistically, so as to reflect the sensing characteristics of the flow velocity sensor more realistically, there is no better Therefore, the design and improvement of the test system and method for the sensing characteristics of the related flow velocity sensor is of great significance for the practical development and performance optimization of the new flow velocity sensor.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种流速传感器传感特性的测量装置及方法，以便在实验中较为真实地模拟出实际的海流运动，可以采用控制变量法来观察出海水中所含Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-等各种离子，海水的流动速度，以及模拟不同地域不同的海水温度下，对于该流速传感器传感特性的不同影响。以使流速传感器传感特性的测试过程简单化、能够快速得到测试结果以及综合性分析结果，并且增强测试结果的可靠性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a measuring device and method for the sensing characteristics of a flow velocity sensor, so that the actual ocean current movement can be simulated more realistically in the experiment, and the control variable method can be used to observe the Various ions such as Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - contained in seawater, the flow velocity of seawater, and the different influences on the sensing characteristics of the flow sensor under different seawater temperatures in different regions . In order to simplify the test process of the sensing characteristics of the flow sensor, the test results and comprehensive analysis results can be obtained quickly, and the reliability of the test results can be enhanced.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:
一种流速传感器传感特性的测量装置，包括流速传感器、水槽、电机、位移传感器、信号调理电路、自动控温加热器、温度计；A measuring device for the sensing characteristics of a flow rate sensor, comprising a flow rate sensor, a water tank, a motor, a displacement sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, an automatic temperature control heater, and a thermometer;
所述水槽的顶部两侧相对称的设有导轨一，导轨一上相对应的滑动设置有滑块一，所述滑块一上连接有导轨二，所述导轨二上活动连接有滑块二，所述滑块二的底部连接有伸入水槽内部的夹持杆，所述夹持杆的底部设置有用于固定所述流速传感器的夹持器，所述导轨二上的滑块二通过所述电机驱动；The top of the water tank is provided with a guide rail 1 symmetrically on both sides, and a sliding block 1 is provided correspondingly on the guide rail 1. The sliding block 1 is connected with a
所述流速传感器材料尖端发生的形变由所述位移传感器检测并记录；所述水槽内设置有所述自动控温加热器和温度计；The deformation of the material tip of the flow rate sensor is detected and recorded by the displacement sensor; the automatic temperature control heater and the thermometer are arranged in the water tank;
所述流速传感器的信号引线连接至所述信号调理电路，用于测量所述流速传感器材料两端产生的电势差。The signal lead of the flow rate sensor is connected to the signal conditioning circuit for measuring the potential difference generated across the material of the flow rate sensor.
进一步的，所述水槽内盛放有水形成水池，水池中放入有氯化物用于改变水池中各种离子的浓度，并通过分光光度计、离子色谱仪、自动电位滴定仪、盐度计进行测量。Further, the water tank is filled with water to form a pool, and chlorides are placed in the pool to change the concentration of various ions in the pool, and the water is passed through a spectrophotometer, an ion chromatograph, an automatic potentiometric titrator, and a salinity meter. Take measurements.
进一步的，所述的位移传感器是激光位移传感器。Further, the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor.
进一步的，所述自动控温加热器浸于水池之中，用于改变水池中的水温，依靠温度计测量温度的变化。Further, the automatic temperature control heater is immersed in the pool to change the water temperature in the pool, and the temperature change is measured by means of a thermometer.
进一步的，所述信号调理电路由两级放大电路组成，第一级放大电路为电荷放大电路，第二级放大电路为电压放大电路，使输出电压幅值达到信号采集模块所允许的采集范围之内，通过导线将信号调理电路输出的电压信号传输至数据采集卡，经其采集后，通过数据采集卡的USB接口送入计算机进行数据处理，采集得到的电压数据对应于激光位移传感器所测得的流速传感器材料尖端位移的大小。Further, the signal conditioning circuit is composed of two-stage amplifying circuits, the first-stage amplifying circuit is a charge amplifying circuit, and the second-stage amplifying circuit is a voltage amplifying circuit, so that the output voltage amplitude reaches the acquisition range allowed by the signal acquisition module. Inside, the voltage signal output by the signal conditioning circuit is transmitted to the data acquisition card through the wire. After it is collected, it is sent to the computer through the USB interface of the data acquisition card for data processing. The collected voltage data corresponds to that measured by the laser displacement sensor. The magnitude of the tip displacement of the flow sensor material.
进一步的，所述滑轨一和滑轨二上均设置有防撞块。Further, the first slide rail and the second slide rail are provided with anti-collision blocks.
提供的另一种技术方案如下：Another technical solution provided is as follows:
一种流速传感器传感特性的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the sensing characteristics of a flow rate sensor, comprising the following steps:
(1)通过向水槽中加入水形成水池，通过电机驱动所述导轨二，从而带动夹持杆随导轨二沿着导轨一运动；夹持杆的运动速度可调，用于模拟不同的海流速度；(1) A pool is formed by adding water to the water tank, and the second guide rail is driven by a motor, thereby driving the clamping rod to move along the guide rail 1 with the guide rail two; the movement speed of the clamping rod is adjustable to simulate different current speeds ;
(2)当所述流速传感器随着电机驱动下的夹持杆随滑块沿着导轨进行移动时，所述流速传感器的尖端会产生位移，这时对流速传感器内外侧两端的电极间电压通过所述信号调理电路进行测量；(2) When the flow velocity sensor moves with the slider along the guide rail with the clamping rod driven by the motor, the tip of the flow velocity sensor will be displaced, and the voltage between the electrodes at the inner and outer ends of the flow velocity sensor will pass through the signal conditioning circuit measures;
(3)通过自动控温加热器改变水池内的水温用于模拟不同的海水温度，依靠温度计测量温度的变化，获取流速传感器在不同水温下的传感特性；(3) Change the water temperature in the pool through the automatic temperature control heater to simulate different seawater temperatures, and rely on the thermometer to measure the temperature change to obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor at different water temperatures;
(4)向水池中添加NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2不同离子的氯化物，用于模拟海水中不同离子的存在，依靠分光光度计、离子色谱仪、自动电位滴定仪、盐度计测量各种离子浓度，获取流速传感器在不同离子影响下的传感特性；(4) Add chlorides of different ions of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 to the pool to simulate the existence of different ions in seawater, and measure by spectrophotometer, ion chromatograph, automatic potentiometric titrator, and salinometer Various ion concentrations to obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor under the influence of different ions;
(5)采用激光位移传感器测量所述流速传感器的尖端位移，对所述流速传感器的变形位移、电极间电压进行实时数据采集、显示与保存，保存的数据供后续分析、处理使用。(5) A laser displacement sensor is used to measure the tip displacement of the flow velocity sensor, and real-time data collection, display and storage are performed on the deformation displacement and the voltage between electrodes of the flow velocity sensor, and the saved data is used for subsequent analysis and processing.
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are:
1.本发明装置通过电机、滑动导轨和夹持杆组成的驱动装置，可以使流速传感器按照一定的速度进行运动，通过相对运动来模拟海水的流动，从而使得流速传感器产生形变位移，而在流速传感器材料的内外侧两端电极间产生与流速传感器尖端位移相关的输出电压。1. The device of the present invention can make the flow rate sensor move at a certain speed through a driving device composed of a motor, a sliding guide rail and a clamping rod, and simulate the flow of seawater through relative motion, so that the flow rate sensor can be deformed and displaced. An output voltage related to the displacement of the flow velocity sensor tip is generated between the electrodes at the inner and outer ends of the sensor material.
2.通过自动控温加热器来改变水池内的水温，依靠温度计来测量温度的变化，得以获取流速传感器在不同水温下的传感特性；以及向水池中添加NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2等不同离子的氯化物，可用于模拟海水中不同离子的存在，依靠分光光度计、离子色谱仪、自动电位滴定仪、盐度计来测量各种离子浓度，得以获取流速传感器在不同离子影响下的传感特性。2. Change the water temperature in the pool through an automatic temperature control heater, and measure the temperature change by means of a thermometer, so as to obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor at different water temperatures; and add NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 to the pool It can be used to simulate the existence of different ions in seawater, relying on spectrophotometer, ion chromatograph, automatic potentiometric titrator, salinometer to measure the concentration of various ions, to obtain the flow rate sensor under the influence of different ions sensing characteristics.
3.通过激光位移传感器与信号调理电路可测量得到流速传感器的尖端位移量与流速传感器材料内外侧两端电极间的输出电压，通过数据采集卡与相关软件可实现数据的实时采集、显示与存储。本测试装置和方法可以应用于流速传感器在不同情况下的传感特性测量，且具有测量装置结构简单，测量精度高、成本低的有益效果。3. The displacement of the tip of the flow velocity sensor and the output voltage between the inner and outer electrodes of the flow velocity sensor material can be measured through the laser displacement sensor and the signal conditioning circuit, and the real-time data collection, display and storage can be realized through the data acquisition card and related software. . The test device and method can be applied to the measurement of the sensing characteristics of the flow velocity sensor under different conditions, and have the beneficial effects of simple structure of the measurement device, high measurement accuracy and low cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明测量装置的测量原理示意图；Fig. 1 is the measuring principle schematic diagram of the measuring device of the present invention;
图2是本发明测量装置中夹持杆的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the clamping rod in the measuring device of the present invention;
图3是本发明测量装置中驱动装置的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the drive device in the measuring device of the present invention;
图4是本发明测量装置中水槽的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the water tank in the measuring device of the present invention;
图5是本发明测量装置的整体结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明的测试原理是：As shown in Figure 1, the test principle of the present invention is:
流速传感器基于IPMC材料，当IPMC材料在外力作用下产生机械变形，向着偏离轴线的方向发生弯曲时，材料内部离子交换膜内的金属阳离子将发生相应移动，改变原有的离子分布状况。随着金属阳离子的移动，在一侧电极处将逐渐聚集正电荷，而另一侧电极处聚集负电荷，这样便在两电极间形成了一个电势差。通过外部电路，可以测量两电极间的电信号。通过测量IPMC材料在外力作用下产生的变形和两电极间的电信号变化，可以建立IPMC材料变形位移与两电极间电信号变化之间的关系模型，便可利用IPMC材料对使其产生变形的外力大小进行测量，从而可以测得外部相关流速信息。同时通过采用控制变量法来测试出海水中所含各种离子浓度、海水的流动速度、以及不同地域不同的海水温度下，对于该流速传感器传感特性的不同影响。The flow rate sensor is based on IPMC material. When the IPMC material is mechanically deformed under the action of external force and bends in a direction deviating from the axis, the metal cations in the ion exchange membrane inside the material will move accordingly, changing the original ion distribution. As the metal cation moves, a positive charge will gradually build up at one electrode and a negative charge at the other, creating a potential difference between the two electrodes. With an external circuit, the electrical signal between the two electrodes can be measured. By measuring the deformation of the IPMC material under the action of external force and the electrical signal change between the two electrodes, the relationship model between the deformation displacement of the IPMC material and the electrical signal change between the two electrodes can be established. The magnitude of the external force is measured, so that the external related flow velocity information can be measured. At the same time, the control variable method is used to test the different effects of various ion concentrations in seawater, the flow velocity of seawater, and the temperature of seawater in different regions on the sensing characteristics of the flow velocity sensor.
本发明具体实施例如下：Specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
如图2所示夹持杆10底部设有夹子12，夹持杆10的上端设有螺纹；将需要测量的流速传感器夹紧于夹子12上，使得夹持杆的底端与流速传感器的基底连接，流速传感器的信号引线连接至一信号调理电路；As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom of the
如图3所示驱动装置包括：防撞块3、导轨一5、电机6、滑块一7、滑块二8、导轨二11；滑块二的下端设有螺纹，可与图2所示的夹持杆进行连接，滑块二8通过电机驱动，从电机6到滑块二8通过丝杠传动、皮带轮传动或者齿轮齿条传动。通过直流电机6驱动夹持杆，可使得该夹持杆沿着滑动导轨运动，整体即构成一驱动装置；As shown in Figure 3, the drive device includes:
如图4所示，通过向水槽9内加入水形成水池，水池内设有分光光度计、离子色谱仪、自动电位滴定仪、盐度计1、自动控温加热器2、温度计4；依靠分光光度计、离子色谱仪、自动电位滴定仪、盐度计、温度计等测量设备可对温度、不同离子浓度等信息的改变进行测量；As shown in Figure 4, a pool is formed by adding water to the
在图4水槽上布置好图3整体驱动装置，即为图5所示本发明所提出的流速传感器传感特性测量装置的整体结构图；The overall driving device of Fig. 3 is arranged on the water tank of Fig. 4, which is the overall structure diagram of the sensing characteristic measuring device of the flow velocity sensor proposed by the present invention shown in Fig. 5;
通过控制其运动速度、改变水温、添加氯化物等可分别获取到不同海流速度、不同海水温度以及各中离子浓度下的数据，以供未来分析使用。By controlling its movement speed, changing the water temperature, adding chloride, etc., the data of different sea current speed, different sea water temperature and each medium ion concentration can be obtained respectively for future analysis.
本发明提出的测试装置的主要功能包括：The main functions of the test device proposed by the present invention include:
可以通过使夹持杆在直流电机的驱动下沿着滑动导轨运动，且运动速度可调，用于模拟不同的海流速度，获取流速传感器在不同流速下的传感特性；By making the clamping rod move along the sliding guide rail under the drive of the DC motor, and the movement speed is adjustable, it can be used to simulate different ocean current speeds and obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor under different flow rates;
可以通过自动控温加热器可以改变水池内的水温，用于模拟不同的海水温度，获取流速传感器在不同水温下的传感特性；The water temperature in the pool can be changed by the automatic temperature control heater to simulate different seawater temperatures and obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor at different water temperatures;
可以通过向水池中添加不同离子的氯化物，用于模拟海水中不同离子的存在，获取流速传感器在不同离子浓度影响下的传感特性；信号调理电路由两级放大电路组成，第一级放大电路为电荷放大电路，第二级放大电路为电压放大电路，使输出电压幅值达到信号采集模块所允许的采集范围之内，通过导线将信号调理电路输出的电压信号传输至数据采集卡，经数据采集卡采集后，通过数据采集卡的USB接口送入计算机进行数据处理，采集得到的电压数据对应于激光位移传感器所测得的流速传感器材料尖端位移的大小。本实施例中数据采集卡的一端通过导线与信号调理电路相连接，用于获取信号调理电路输出的电压信号；数据采集卡的另一端通过USB接口与计算机相连接。By adding chlorides of different ions to the pool, it can be used to simulate the existence of different ions in seawater and obtain the sensing characteristics of the flow rate sensor under the influence of different ion concentrations; the signal conditioning circuit is composed of two-stage amplifying circuits, the first-stage amplifying The circuit is a charge amplifying circuit, and the second-stage amplifying circuit is a voltage amplifying circuit, so that the output voltage amplitude reaches the acquisition range allowed by the signal acquisition module, and the voltage signal output by the signal conditioning circuit is transmitted to the data acquisition card through the wire. After the data acquisition card is collected, it is sent to the computer through the USB interface of the data acquisition card for data processing, and the collected voltage data corresponds to the displacement of the material tip of the flow rate sensor measured by the laser displacement sensor. In this embodiment, one end of the data acquisition card is connected to the signal conditioning circuit through a wire for obtaining the voltage signal output by the signal conditioning circuit; the other end of the data acquisition card is connected to the computer through a USB interface.
对IPMC材料尖端的变形位移、两电极间电压进行实时数据采集、显示与保存，保存的数据供后续分析、处理使用。Real-time data acquisition, display and storage of the deformation displacement of the IPMC material tip and the voltage between the two electrodes are carried out, and the saved data is used for subsequent analysis and processing.
本发明并不限于上文描述的实施方式。以上对具体实施方式的描述旨在描述和说明本发明的技术方案，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的。在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下还可做出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many specific transformations under the inspiration of the present invention, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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