CN110702061A - Three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system and application thereof in three-dimensional simulation experiment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system and application thereof in three-dimensional simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110702061A CN110702061A CN201910839625.XA CN201910839625A CN110702061A CN 110702061 A CN110702061 A CN 110702061A CN 201910839625 A CN201910839625 A CN 201910839625A CN 110702061 A CN110702061 A CN 110702061A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional moving deformation measuring system and application thereof in a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment, and belongs to the technical field of analog simulation experiments in mining engineering. The main structure comprises a surface moving deformation measuring system and a three-dimensional simulation experiment table for containing similar simulation materials, wherein the surface moving deformation measuring system comprises a frame body, a transverse slide rail, a measuring head, a wireless data acquisition instrument and a computer data processing system; the structure and the position of the specific parts of the earth surface moving deformation measuring system are limited, so that the moving deformation values of different positions on the surface of the three-dimensional similar material model can be observed timely, truly, accurately and omnidirectionally in the experimental process, the measured data are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument in real time, and the earth surface moving deformation values are displayed on a computer screen in real time after being processed by the computer data processing system; in the measuring system, the alignment of the measuring head, the measurement, the transmission and the processing of data are automatically and synchronously carried out, thereby avoiding human errors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analog simulation in mining engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system and a method thereof for a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment.
Background
After the subterranean coal seam is produced, the overburden may move, deform and break, forming a collapsed basin or pit at the surface. The research on the ground surface movement deformation rule has important significance for guiding the comprehensive utilization of 'third lower' coal pressing mining and coal mining subsidence land. The ground surface movement deformation law is researched mainly through two modes of field actual measurement and indoor simulation. Because the field actual measurement period is long and the cost is high, indoor simulation becomes a main means for researching the ground surface movement deformation rule. The simulation experiment is to make a physical model similar to the original model in a laboratory according to a similar principle, and study the movement and deformation rules of the earth surface in the coal seam mining process by measuring the movement and deformation of the rock stratum while the model is mined. The simulation modeling experiment can visually present the movement of the rock stratum in the stoping process, provides convenience for researchers to research the movement deformation rule of the rock stratum, and becomes an important research means of subjects such as mining engineering, geotechnical engineering and the like.
The moving deformation of the earth surface is divided into a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and the moving deformation of the earth surface of the previous three-dimensional analog simulation experiment mainly adopts two modes of a displacement sensor and manual measurement.
Both of the above two measurement methods have disadvantages:
(1) commonly used displacement sensors include a stay wire displacement sensor and a three-dimensional distributed measurement device, for example, CN201653319U discloses a three-dimensional distributed displacement measurement device, which includes a plurality of displacement value readers and hard metal sheets of the same number, wherein the displacement value readers correspond to the hard metal sheets one to one, and then the displacement value readers corresponding to each other are connected with one hard metal sheet through a fish wire. The method has the working principle that the hard metal sheet embedded in the model drives the connecting wire to further pull the data reader to realize measurement of the settlement value of the earth surface, and the method can only measure the movement deformation value of the earth surface in the vertical direction and can exert external force on the model to influence the accuracy of the measurement result;
(2) the manual measurement error is large.
In view of the foregoing, the prior art is yet to be further improved. At present, a non-contact three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment, which has high automation degree and high precision, does not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional movement deformation measuring system, which has the advantages of high automation degree, high precision and non-contact measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional moving deformation measuring system for a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment comprises a ground surface moving deformation measuring system and a three-dimensional analog experiment table for containing analog simulation materials, wherein the analog simulation materials are paved in the three-dimensional analog experiment table layer by layer and form a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and mica powder is scattered among the layered analog simulation materials;
the surface movement deformation measuring system comprises a frame body, a transverse slide rail, a measuring head, a wireless data acquisition instrument and a computer data processing system;
the frame body is a square structure formed by sequentially connecting a front frame body, a left frame body, a rear frame body and a right frame body, and four supporting legs are correspondingly connected below four top corners of the frame body;
the frame body is fixedly connected with four upright posts of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table through bolts;
the outer surfaces of the left sides of the two upright columns positioned on the right side of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table and the left surface of the right frame body are positioned in the same vertical plane; the outer surface of the front side of the two upright posts and the rear surface of the front frame body are positioned in the same vertical plane;
the transverse slide rail is a square rod piece and is connected with the frame body in a sliding manner;
the measuring head comprises a sliding sleeve, a wireless transmitter, a level bubble, a vertical direction distance meter and two horizontal direction distance meters, wherein one horizontal direction distance meter is vertical to the right frame body, and the other horizontal direction distance meter is vertical to the front frame body; the vertical direction distance meter is perpendicular to the horizontal plane where the frame body is located, and has an alignment function and can assist the measuring head in automatically aligning a measuring point;
the axes of the vertical direction distance measuring instrument and the two horizontal direction distance measuring instruments intersect at one point in space;
the level bubble is fixed on the upper surface of the measuring head;
the measuring head is connected with the transverse sliding rail in a sliding manner through the sliding sleeve;
the data measured by the measuring head is transmitted to a wireless data acquisition instrument through the wireless transmitter;
the output end of the wireless data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer data processing system through a USB interface.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the three-dimensional simulation experiment table is of a box body structure without an upper cover as a whole, and comprises a rectangular base, a movable baffle and four upright posts which are vertically fixed on four corners of the rectangular base respectively, wherein the upright posts are angle steels with outward vertex angles, and a plurality of bolt holes are uniformly formed in two outer side faces of each angle steel; the movable baffle is provided with a plurality of blocks, through holes are formed in two ends of each movable baffle, and the movable baffles are fixedly connected to different layer height positions on two outer side surfaces of the angle steel through bolts matched with the through holes and the bolt holes.
As another preferable scheme of the invention, the bottom of the supporting leg is provided with a screw hole, and the height of the supporting leg can be freely adjusted.
Preferably, the left frame body and the right frame body are internally provided with sliding grooves, and two ends of the transverse sliding rail are respectively connected in the sliding grooves in a sliding manner.
Further preferably, the sliding sleeve is integrally square.
Further preferably, the computer data processing system comprises the following subsystems:
the input subsystem is used for manually inputting the number of each measuring point according to specific experimental arrangement;
the management subsystem is used for automatically storing the measurement data and can carry out historical query and data sharing;
the analysis subsystem is used for analyzing and calculating the measurement data;
and the output subsystem dynamically displays the measurement data on line, generates a comprehensive report and a moving deformation curve and has a printing function.
The system for measuring the ground surface movement deformation for the three-dimensional similar simulation experiment is arranged at the top of the three-dimensional similar material model, the movement deformation values of different positions on the surface (ground surface) of the three-dimensional similar material model can be observed timely, truly, accurately and omnidirectionally in the experiment process, the measured data are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument in real time, and the ground surface movement deformation values are displayed on a computer screen in real time after being processed by the computer data processing system; the device is not in contact with a measuring object (three-dimensional similar material model) in the experimental process, and no external force is applied to the measuring object (three-dimensional similar material model), so that the accuracy of an observation result is further ensured; the alignment of the measuring head, the measurement, the transmission and the processing of the data are all automatically and synchronously carried out, the interference of human factors is completely avoided, and the human error is avoided.
Another task of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional moving deformation measurement method for a three-dimensional simulation experiment, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting movable baffles layer by layer from bottom to top, and paving similar simulation materials until the similar simulation materials are completely paved;
s2, after the similar simulation material is solidified until the performance index of the similar simulation material reaches the recovery requirement, completely dismantling the movable baffle;
s3, arranging measuring lines and measuring points on the surface of the model according to the purpose of the experiment;
s4, mounting the ground surface moving deformation measuring system on the three-dimensional simulation experiment table through bolts, adjusting the height of the supporting legs to ensure that the ground surface moving deformation measuring system is horizontal, adjusting the equipment to a working state, and comprehensively measuring the measuring points as initial values;
and S5, extracting the similar simulation material, measuring the moving deformation condition of each measuring point on the surface of the model in the extraction process and acquiring data until the extraction of the experiment is finished, and exporting the required experimental data and images through a computer data processing system.
The technical effect directly brought by the technical scheme is that the operation steps are simple, the control is simple and convenient, and the experimental result is real, accurate and visual.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the structure is simple and reasonable, the experimental result is real and accurate, and the system error is small;
(2) the alignment of the measuring head, the measurement of the data, the transmission and the processing are all automatically and synchronously carried out, the system has high automation degree, the automatic measurement and the data analysis can be realized, and the interference of human factors is completely avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface movement deformation measurement system for a three-dimensional simulation experiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional simulation experiment table according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for measuring surface movement deformation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a measuring head according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a three-dimensional simulation experiment table, 11, a base, 12, a baffle, 13, a first upright column, 14, a second upright column, 15, a third upright column, 16, a fourth upright column, 2, a ground surface movement deformation measurement system, 22, a transverse sliding rail, 23, a measuring head, 24, a wireless data acquisition instrument, 25, a computer, 211, a right frame body, 212, a rear frame body, 213, a left frame body, 214, a front frame body, 215, a supporting leg, 231, a first horizontal direction distance measuring instrument, 232, a second horizontal direction distance measuring instrument, 233, a vertical direction distance measuring instrument, 234, a sliding sleeve, 235, a wireless transmitter, 236 and a bubble.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a surface movement measuring system and a surface movement measuring method for a three-dimensional analog simulation experiment, and the invention is described in detail below by combining specific embodiments in order to make the advantages and technical scheme of the invention clearer and clearer.
The invention refers to the surface of the column on which the similar simulation material is placed, and the surface of the column on which the similar simulation material is placed is opposite to the surface of the column on which the similar simulation material is placed.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for a three-dimensional simulation experiment of the present invention includes a three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 and a ground moving deformation measurement system 2, wherein the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 is used for containing simulation materials. The similar simulation materials in the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 are of a layered structure and are sequentially divided into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and mica powder is scattered among the layered similar simulation materials.
As shown in fig. 2, the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 is a box structure without an upper cover, and includes a rectangular base 11 located below, a baffle 12 detachably connected to the rectangular base, four columns vertically and fixedly connected to four vertex angles of the base, a first column 13, a second column 14, a third column 15, and a fourth column 16, wherein the baffle 12 is installed on four side surfaces of the box structure, and each surface is installed by detachably connecting two ends of a movable baffle to the corresponding two columns, and in order to realize detachable connection, preferably, each column is an angle steel structure with the vertex angle facing outward, and a plurality of bolt holes are uniformly formed on two outer side surfaces of the angle steel; two ends of each movable baffle are respectively provided with a through hole and fixedly connected to different layer height positions of two outer side surfaces of the angle steel through bolts; before the similar simulation materials are laid, the movable baffles are installed layer by layer, and after the similar simulation materials are solidified until the performance indexes meet the recovery requirement, each movable baffle is dismantled. The specific number of the movable baffle plates can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to experimental requirements, and the detachable connection mode of the movable baffle plates and the upright posts can be replaced by other structures, which is not limited to this.
As shown in fig. 3, the ground surface movement deformation measuring system 2 includes a frame, a transverse slide rail 22, a measuring head 23, a wireless data acquisition instrument 24 and a computer data processing system 25.
The frame body is square and consists of a front frame body 214, a left frame body 213, a rear frame body 212, a right frame body 211 which are fixedly connected with each other and four supporting legs 215 which are fixedly connected with the four top corners of the frame body; preferably, the bottom of the supporting leg 215 is provided with a screw hole; the supporting legs 215 can be freely adjusted in height, and particularly, the height of the supporting legs can be adjusted by using a height adjustable mechanism in the prior art.
The left surface of the right frame body 211, the right outer surfaces of the second upright column and the fourth upright column on the right side of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 are positioned in the same vertical plane.
The rear surface of the front frame 214 and the front outer surfaces of the first upright column and the second upright column on the front side of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 are located in the same vertical plane.
The frame body is fixedly connected with four upright posts of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table 1 through bolts.
The left frame 213 and the right frame 211 are provided with horizontal sliding grooves.
The transverse slide rail is a square rod piece and is connected with the frame body in a sliding manner.
As shown in fig. 4, the measuring head 23 includes a first horizontal direction distance meter 231, a second horizontal direction distance meter 232, a vertical direction distance meter 233, a sliding sleeve 234, a wireless transmitter 235 and a vial 236.
The horizontal range finders are arranged along the horizontal direction, wherein a first horizontal range finder 231 is perpendicular to the right frame body 211, and a second horizontal range finder 232 is perpendicular to the front frame body 214.
The vertical direction distance meter 233 described above is arranged in the vertical direction and perpendicular to the horizontal plane on which the frame body is located.
The vertical direction distance measuring instrument 233 has an alignment function, and can assist the measuring head in automatically aligning the measuring point.
The axes of the first horizontal direction distance meter 231, the second horizontal direction distance meter 232 and the vertical direction distance meter 233 intersect at a point in space.
The sliding sleeve 234 is generally square.
The vial 236 is secured to the upper surface of the measuring head 23.
The measuring head 23 is slidably connected to the lateral slide 22 via the sliding sleeve 234.
The data measured by the measuring head 23 is transmitted to the wireless data acquisition instrument 24 via the wireless transmitter 235.
The output end of the wireless data acquisition instrument 24 is connected with a computer data processing system 25 through a USB interface.
The computer data processing system comprises the following subsystems:
(1) the input subsystem is used for manually inputting the number of each measuring point according to specific experimental arrangement;
(2) the management subsystem is used for automatically storing the measurement data and can carry out historical query and data sharing;
(3) the analysis subsystem is used for analyzing and calculating the measurement data;
(4) and the output subsystem dynamically displays the measurement data on line, generates a comprehensive report and a moving deformation curve and has a printing function.
The measuring system can observe the moving deformation values of different positions on the surface (earth surface) of the three-dimensional similar material model in real time, truly, accurately and omnidirectionally in the experimental process, the measured data are transmitted to the data acquisition instrument in real time, and the moving deformation values of the earth surface are displayed on a computer screen in real time after being processed by the computer data processing system; the device is not in contact with the measured object (the three-dimensional similar material model) in the experimental process, and no external force is applied to the measured object (the three-dimensional similar material model), so that the accuracy of the observation result is further ensured.
On the basis of understanding the three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment, the measurement method thereof will be described in detail.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, mounting movable baffles layer by layer from bottom to top, and paving similar simulation materials until the similar simulation materials are completely paved;
secondly, after the similar simulation material is solidified until the performance index of the similar simulation material reaches the recovery requirement, completely dismantling the movable baffle;
thirdly, arranging measuring lines and measuring points on the surface of the model according to the purpose of the experiment;
fourthly, mounting the ground surface moving deformation measuring system on the three-dimensional simulation experiment table through bolts, adjusting the heights of the supporting legs to ensure that the ground surface moving deformation measuring system is horizontal, adjusting the equipment to a working state, and comprehensively measuring the measuring points as initial values;
and fifthly, extracting the similar simulation material, measuring the moving deformation condition of each measuring point on the surface of the model in the extracting process and acquiring data until the extraction of the experiment is finished, and exporting the required experiment data and images through a computer data processing system.
The measuring method has the advantages of simple operation steps, simple and convenient control, and real, accurate and visual experimental results.
The parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by taking the prior art as reference.
It should be noted that: any equivalents or obvious modifications thereof which may occur to persons skilled in the art and which are given the benefit of this description are deemed to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional removal deformation measurement system for three-dimensional simulation experiment, its includes the surface movement deformation measurement system and is used for holding the three-dimensional simulation experiment platform of analog simulation material which characterized in that:
the similar simulation materials are paved in the three-dimensional simulation experiment table layer by layer, a plurality of layers are formed in the vertical direction, and mica powder is scattered among the similar simulation materials in each layer;
the surface movement deformation measuring system comprises a frame body, a transverse slide rail, a measuring head, a wireless data acquisition instrument and a computer data processing system;
the frame body is a square structure formed by sequentially connecting a front frame body, a left frame body, a rear frame body and a right frame body, and four supporting legs are correspondingly connected below four top corners of the frame body;
the frame body is fixedly connected with four upright posts of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table through bolts;
the outer surfaces of the left sides of the two upright columns positioned on the right side of the three-dimensional simulation experiment table and the left surface of the right frame body are positioned in the same vertical plane; the outer surface of the front side of the two upright posts and the rear surface of the front frame body are positioned in the same vertical plane;
the transverse slide rail is a square rod piece and is connected with the frame body in a sliding manner;
the measuring head comprises a sliding sleeve, a wireless transmitter, a level bubble, a vertical direction distance meter and two horizontal direction distance meters, wherein one horizontal direction distance meter is vertical to the right frame body, and the other horizontal direction distance meter is vertical to the front frame body; the vertical direction distance meter is perpendicular to the horizontal plane where the frame body is located, and has an alignment function and can assist the measuring head in automatically aligning a measuring point;
the axes of the vertical direction distance measuring instrument and the two horizontal direction distance measuring instruments intersect at one point in space;
the level bubble is fixed on the upper surface of the measuring head;
the measuring head is connected with the transverse sliding rail in a sliding manner through the sliding sleeve;
the data measured by the measuring head is transmitted to a wireless data acquisition instrument through the wireless transmitter;
the output end of the wireless data acquisition instrument is connected with the computer data processing system through a USB interface.
2. The three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional simulation experiment table is of a box body structure without an upper cover and comprises a rectangular base, a movable baffle and four upright posts which are vertically fixed on four corners of the rectangular base respectively, the upright posts are angle steel with an outward vertex angle, and a plurality of bolt holes are uniformly formed in two outer side surfaces of the angle steel; the movable baffle is provided with a plurality of blocks, through holes are formed in two ends of each movable baffle, and the movable baffles are fixedly connected to different layer height positions on two outer side surfaces of the angle steel through bolts matched with the through holes and the bolt holes.
3. The three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the supporting leg is provided with a screw hole, and the height of the supporting leg can be freely adjusted.
4. The three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein: the left frame body and the right frame body are internally provided with sliding grooves, and two ends of the transverse sliding rail are respectively connected in the sliding grooves in a sliding mode.
5. The three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein: the whole sliding sleeve is square.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer data processing system comprises the following subsystems:
the input subsystem is used for manually inputting the number of each measuring point according to specific experimental arrangement;
the management subsystem is used for automatically storing the measurement data and can carry out historical query and data sharing;
the analysis subsystem is used for analyzing and calculating the measurement data;
and the output subsystem dynamically displays the measurement data on line, generates a comprehensive report and a moving deformation curve and has a printing function.
7. A three-dimensional moving deformation measuring method for a three-dimensional simulation experiment, which is characterized by using the three-dimensional moving deformation measuring system for the three-dimensional simulation experiment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, the measuring method comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting movable baffles layer by layer from bottom to top, and paving similar simulation materials until the similar simulation materials are completely paved;
s2, after the similar simulation material is solidified until the performance index of the similar simulation material reaches the recovery requirement, completely dismantling the movable baffle;
s3, arranging measuring lines and measuring points on the surface of the model according to the purpose of the experiment;
s4, mounting the ground surface moving deformation measuring system on the three-dimensional simulation experiment table through bolts, adjusting the height of the supporting legs to ensure that the ground surface moving deformation measuring system is horizontal, adjusting the equipment to a working state, and comprehensively measuring the measuring points as initial values;
and S5, extracting the similar simulation material, measuring the moving deformation condition of each measuring point on the surface of the model in the extraction process and acquiring data until the extraction of the experiment is finished, and exporting the required experimental data and images through a computer data processing system.
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| CN201910839625.XA CN110702061A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Three-dimensional moving deformation measurement system and application thereof in three-dimensional simulation experiment |
| PCT/CN2019/127684 WO2021042631A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-24 | Three-dimensional movement deformation measurement system and application thereof in three-dimensional similar simulation experiment |
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| CN112213464A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-12 | 中煤科工集团北京土地整治与生态修复科技研究院有限公司 | Similar material simulation experiment device and experiment method thereof |
| CN112923860A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-08 | 北京科技大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating surface stacking behavior of high-concentration tailing slurry |
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| CN114061428A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-18 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Rock stratum displacement monitoring device and method for three-dimensional similar simulation experiment |
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