CN110698168A - 一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110698168A
CN110698168A CN201911131039.6A CN201911131039A CN110698168A CN 110698168 A CN110698168 A CN 110698168A CN 201911131039 A CN201911131039 A CN 201911131039A CN 110698168 A CN110698168 A CN 110698168A
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biomass
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magnesium chloride
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孙丰文
巫佳杰
詹先旭
张茜
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法，该无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板由生物质无机胶凝基板和表面功能涂料构成，该功能装饰板可以用作室内吊顶和内墙装饰材料，该功能装饰板不燃、无醛、隔声、尺寸稳定，有利于改善空气质量，促进农林剩余物和木竹加工剩余物的高效利用，替代占据大部分市场的、石膏板、玻镁板，弥补木质家装板之不足。

Description

一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料、人造板技术领域，具体涉及一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国每年用于室内装修的各种装饰材料达上万亿元人民币，市场容量巨大。随着经济社会的发展和人类文明的进步，人们对居室环境质量的追求愈来愈高，如无醛、阻燃、甚至保健功能，国内外也出台了更加严格的标准要求，这为室内装饰新材料的研发提供了广阔的发展空间。氯氧镁防火板具有材料低廉并来源广泛、生产工艺设备简单、容易实现自动化控制、产品具有不燃和无醛等优点，是继石膏板之后的新型防火装饰板，广泛用于室内吊顶、简易隔墙材料，但存在返卤、吸潮变形、防水性不佳、比重大、强度低等许多缺点，因而产品应用档次较低。
我国每年产生的农林加工剩余物废弃物达几亿吨，造成环境污染和资源的极大浪费，充分利用这类废弃资源，与材料来源广泛、价格低廉的氯氧镁无机胶凝材料完美复合，制备具有不燃、无醛、隔声、尺寸稳定、改善空气质量的新型功能装饰板，不仅为农林废弃物的高效利用提供科学途径，同时也满足了国内外消防安全、环保要求，适应市场需求的迫切需要，对拓展装修装饰板的应用领域、引领行业升级发展具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板及其制备方法，该功能装饰板可以用作室内吊顶和内墙装饰材料，该功能装饰板不燃、无醛、隔声、尺寸稳定，有利于改善空气质量，促进农林剩余物和木竹加工剩余物的高效利用，替代占据大部分市场的、石膏板、玻镁板，弥补木质家装板之不足。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案是：
一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板，由生物质无机胶凝基板和表面功能涂料构成；
其中生物质无机胶凝基板的成分按质量份计包括：生物质材料100份、氧化镁60～70份、无水氯化镁18～22份、水75～100份、磷酸三钠1～4份、硫酸镁1～4份、硅微粉20～30份、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷0～3份、甲酸钙1～3份、NNO 0.5～2份、OP-10 0.5～2份；
其中表面功能涂料的成分按质量份计包括：主体树脂100份、十二碳醇酯2～5份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠0.5～2份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.5～2份、无水氯化镁5～10份、氧化镁15～30份、钛白粉10～20份、甲壳素1～5份、氧负离子粉3～5份、色浆0～10份。
所述的生物质材料为粉状生物质材料、纤维状材料或其混合；其中粉状生物质材料的粉体大小为30-60目，纤维状材料的纤维长度小于20mm。
所述的粉状生物质材料为木粉、秸秆粉、竹粉或其混合；所述的纤维状材料为木纤维、竹纤维、棕榈纤维或其混合。
所述的主体树脂为纯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、苯丙乳液或其混合。
本发明还公布了无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按比例称取各种原料；
步骤二：取原料中无水氯化镁总量的四分之一，溶解于原料中四分之一的水中，制成氯化镁水溶液，均匀喷洒到生物质材料中；
步骤三：将所有的氧化镁、硫酸镁、硅微粉与生物质材料均匀混合制成混料；
步骤四：将剩余的无水氯化镁溶解于剩余的水中制成氯化镁水溶液，然后加入磷酸三钠、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲酸钙、NNO、OP-10制成混合溶液；
步骤五：将混合溶液加入步骤三制成的混料中，快速搅拌混合均匀制成混合浆料；
步骤六：将混合浆料均匀的铺装在模具中，压实，10-30min后脱模；然后装入热压机中热压后卸压出料，然后再进行冷压；室温下堆放养护24～72h；裁边、定厚砂光，制成无机胶凝生物质板；
步骤七：称取主体树脂，按比例依次加入十二碳醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚二甲基硅氧烷、无水氯化镁、氧化镁、钛白粉、甲壳素、氧负离子粉、色浆组份，搅拌均匀，制成表面功能涂料；
步骤八：在无机胶凝生物质板表面均匀涂刷一至两次表面功能涂料，涂刷量为120～300g/m2；常温或低温干燥，制成无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板。
步骤六中热压的条件为：在单位压力为1.2～1.6MPa、温度为105～125℃条件下热压1.2～2.0min/mm。
步骤六中冷压的条件为：在单位压力为1.0～1.4MPa压力下冷压30～60min。
步骤八中在无机胶凝生物质板表面均匀涂刷两次表面功能涂料，两次涂刷时，中间间隔时间为5～10min。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)该制备方案对各种生物质材料具有广泛适应性，提高了农林剩余物的利用价值；
(2)发明制得的产品具有石膏板、玻镁板的阻燃特性，静曲强度和弹性模量较高，并克服了石膏板和玻镁板等易返潮、返卤等缺点；
(3)发明制得的产品在高吸水率条件下仍具有很好的尺寸稳定性，具有湿度“呼吸”功能，起到调节室内空气湿度等辅助作用；
(4)该无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板表面具有抗菌、诱生氧负离子等功能，改善室内空气质量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
称取胶合板砂光木粉3.2kg、氧化镁2.0kg、氯化镁0.6kg、水2.8kg、磷酸三钠和硫酸镁各0.1kg、硅微粉0.8kg、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷50g、甲酸钙50g、NNO 50g、OP-10 50g；
取原料中无水氯化镁总量的四分之一，溶解于原料中四分之一的水中，制成氯化镁水溶液，均匀喷洒到生物质材料中；将所有的氧化镁、硫酸镁、硅微粉与生物质材料均匀混合制成混料；将剩余的无水氯化镁溶解于剩余的水中制成氯化镁水溶液，然后加入磷酸三钠、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲酸钙、NNO、OP-10制成混合溶液；将混合溶液加入制成的混料中，快速搅拌混合均匀制成混合浆料；
将混合浆料均匀铺装在1m×1m的模具中，压实、15min后脱模，装入热压机中，在单位压力为1.4MPa、温度为120℃条件下热压15min，卸压出料；1.0MPa压力下冷压30min；室温下堆放养护48h；裁边、定厚砂光至8mm，制成无机胶凝生物质板；经检测，该无机胶凝生物质板的物理力学性能指标为：密度1.25g/cm3，静曲强度7.5MPa，弹性模量2100MPa，24h吸水率21.3％，24h吸水厚度膨胀率0.38％；
称取苯丙乳液400g，依次加入十二碳醇酯10g、聚甲基丙烯酸钠4g、聚二甲基硅氧烷6g、无水氯化镁35g、氧化镁100g、钛白粉50g、甲壳素4g、氧负离子粉15g，色浆10g，均匀混合配制成表面功能涂料；
将该涂料均匀涂刷到无机胶凝生物质板表面，第一次涂刷量为150g/m2，风干10min后涂刷第二次、涂刷量为100g/m2，常温干燥24h后，制成无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板。经检测，该功能装饰板具有很好的表面抗菌性，阻燃等级达到难燃级，在250-6300Hz频率范围内的隔声量均在30dB以上，距离涂饰表面1m范围内负氧离子诱生量达到3100个/cm3(对比空气中为900个/cm3)。
实施例2
称取中纤板制造所用木纤维3.3kg、氧化镁2.4kg、氯化镁0.6kg、水3.0kg、磷酸三钠和硫酸镁各0.1kg、硅微粉1.0kg、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷50g、甲酸钙50g、NNO 50g、OP-1050g；
取原料中无水氯化镁总量的四分之一，溶解于原料中四分之一的水中，制成氯化镁水溶液，均匀喷洒到生物质材料中；将所有的氧化镁、硫酸镁、硅微粉与生物质材料均匀混合制成混料；将剩余的无水氯化镁溶解于剩余的水中制成氯化镁水溶液，然后加入磷酸三钠、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲酸钙、NNO、OP-10制成混合溶液；将混合溶液加入制成的混料中，快速搅拌混合均匀制成混合浆料；
将混合浆料均匀铺装在1m×1m的模具中，压实、15min后脱模，装入热压机中，在单位压力为1.2MPa、温度为120℃条件下热压20min，卸压出料；1.0MPa压力下冷压40min；室温下堆放养护48h；裁边、定厚砂光至10mm，制成无机胶凝生物质板；
称取纯丙乳液400g，依次加入十二碳醇酯10g、聚甲基丙烯酸钠4g、聚二甲基硅氧烷5g、无水氯化镁30g、氧化镁80g、钛白粉40g、甲壳素4g、氧负离子粉20g，色浆10g，均匀混合配制成表面功能涂料；
将该涂料均匀涂刷到无机胶凝生物质板表面，第一次涂刷量为150g/m2，风干10min后涂刷第二次、涂刷量为100g/m2，常温干燥24h后，制成无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板。
经检测，该无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的各项性能指标为：密度1.20g/cm3，静曲强度8.7MPa，弹性模量2240MPa，24h吸水率24.1％，24h吸水厚度膨胀率0.42％；经阻燃等级达到难燃级，在250-6300Hz频率范围内的隔声量均在30dB以上，距离涂饰表面1m范围内负氧离子诱生量达到3400个/cm3(对比空气中为900个/cm3)。
实施例3
将棕榈纤维切成长度为10-15mm，称取棕榈纤维3.0kg、氧化镁2.4kg、氯化镁0.6kg、水3.0kg、磷酸三钠和硫酸镁各0.1kg、硅微粉1.0kg、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷60g、甲酸钙50g、NNO 50g、OP-10 50g；
取原料中无水氯化镁总量的四分之一，溶解于原料中四分之一的水中，制成氯化镁水溶液，均匀喷洒到生物质材料中；将所有的氧化镁、硫酸镁、硅微粉与生物质材料均匀混合制成混料；将剩余的无水氯化镁溶解于剩余的水中制成氯化镁水溶液，然后加入磷酸三钠、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲酸钙、NNO、OP-10制成混合溶液；将混合溶液加入制成的混料中，快速搅拌混合均匀制成混合浆料；
将混合浆料均匀铺装在1m×1m的模具中，压实、15min后脱模，装入热压机中，在单位压力为1.6MPa、温度为110℃条件下热压20min，卸压出料；1.0MPa压力下冷压60min；室温下堆放养护48h；裁边、定厚砂光至8mm，制成无机胶凝生物质板；
称取纯醋丙乳液400g，依次加入十二碳醇酯8g、聚甲基丙烯酸钠2g、聚二甲基硅氧烷3g、无水氯化镁20g、氧化镁60g、钛白粉60g、甲壳素5g、氧负离子粉20g，色浆20g，均匀混合配制成表面功能涂料；
将该涂料均匀涂刷到无机胶凝生物质板表面，第一次涂刷量为150g/m2，风干10min后涂刷第二次、涂刷量为100g/m2，常温干燥24h后，制成无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板。
经检测，该无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的各项性能指标为：密度1.32g/cm3，静曲强度11.5MPa，弹性模量2400MPa，24h吸水率20.4％，24h吸水厚度膨胀率0.34％；经阻燃等级达到难燃级，在250-6300Hz频率范围内的隔声量均在30dB以上，距离涂饰表面1m范围内负氧离子诱生量达到3400个/cm3(对比空气中为900个/cm3)。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，依据本发明的技术实质，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板，其特征在于：由生物质无机胶凝基板和表面功能涂料构成；
其中生物质无机胶凝基板的成分按质量份计包括：生物质材料100份、氧化镁60～70份、无水氯化镁18～22份、水75～100份、磷酸三钠1～4份、硫酸镁1～4份、硅微粉20～30份、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷0～3份、甲酸钙1～3份、NNO 0.5～2份、OP-10 0.5～2份；
其中表面功能涂料的成分按质量份计包括：主体树脂100份、十二碳醇酯2～5份、聚甲基丙烯酸钠0.5～2份、聚二甲基硅氧烷0.5～2份、无水氯化镁5～10份、氧化镁15～30份、钛白粉10～20份、甲壳素1～5份、氧负离子粉3～5份、色浆0～10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板，其特征在于：所述的生物质材料为粉状生物质材料、纤维状材料或其混合；其中粉状生物质材料的粉体大小为30-60目，纤维状材料的纤维长度小于20mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板，其特征在于：所述的粉状生物质材料为木粉、秸秆粉、竹粉或其混合；所述的纤维状材料为木纤维、竹纤维、棕榈纤维或其混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板，其特征在于：所述的主体树脂为纯丙乳液、醋丙乳液、苯丙乳液或其混合。
5.权利要求1所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按比例称取各种原料；
步骤二：取原料中无水氯化镁总量的四分之一，溶解于原料中四分之一的水中，制成氯化镁水溶液，均匀喷洒到生物质材料中；
步骤三：将所有的氧化镁、硫酸镁、硅微粉与生物质材料均匀混合制成混料；
步骤四：将剩余的无水氯化镁溶解于剩余的水中制成氯化镁水溶液，然后加入磷酸三钠、聚甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲酸钙、NNO、OP-10制成混合溶液；
步骤五：将混合溶液加入步骤三制成的混料中，快速搅拌混合均匀制成混合浆料；
步骤六：将混合浆料均匀的铺装在模具中，压实，10-30min后脱模；然后装入热压机中热压后卸压出料，然后再进行冷压；室温下堆放养护24～72h；裁边、定厚砂光，制成无机胶凝生物质板；
步骤七：称取主体树脂，按比例依次加入十二碳醇酯、聚甲基丙烯酸钠、聚二甲基硅氧烷、无水氯化镁、氧化镁、钛白粉、甲壳素、氧负离子粉、色浆组份，搅拌均匀，制成表面功能涂料；
步骤八：在无机胶凝生物质板表面均匀涂刷一至两次表面功能涂料，涂刷量为120～300g/m2；常温或低温干燥，制成无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤六中热压的条件为：在单位压力为1.2～1.6MPa、温度为105～125℃条件下热压1.2～2.0min/mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤六中冷压的条件为：在单位压力为1.0～1.4MPa压力下冷压30～60min。
8.根据权利要求5所述的无机胶凝生物质功能装饰板的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤八中在无机胶凝生物质板表面均匀涂刷两次表面功能涂料，两次涂刷时，中间间隔时间为5～10min。
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