CN110695279A - Method for avoiding folding and skin-clamping and harmful tissue during ring forging - Google Patents
Method for avoiding folding and skin-clamping and harmful tissue during ring forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN110695279A CN110695279A CN201910892856.7A CN201910892856A CN110695279A CN 110695279 A CN110695279 A CN 110695279A CN 201910892856 A CN201910892856 A CN 201910892856A CN 110695279 A CN110695279 A CN 110695279A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for avoiding the generation of folding skin and harmful tissues during the forging of a ring piece, which comprises the following steps: the round steel ingot is heated by adopting the following heating process: A. firstly, igniting and heating under the condition of half-opening a furnace door, setting the heating temperature of a heating furnace at 800 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 250 +/-5 ℃/h, completely closing the furnace door when the furnace is heated to 500 +/-10 ℃, and then continuously operating for 2.9-3.1 h; B. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1000 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 85 +/-5 ℃/h, and then continuously operating for 2.4-2.6 h; C. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1100 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 65 +/-5 ℃/h, and then continuously operating for 1.4-1.6 h; D. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1150 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 35 +/-5 ℃/h, and then continuously operating for 1.4-1.6 h; E. keeping the temperature for 3.8-4.2 h at 1150 +/-10 ℃. The method can effectively avoid the generation of folding and skin-clamping and harmful tissues during the forging of the ring piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ring forging processes, in particular to a method capable of avoiding folding skin and harmful tissues during ring forging.
Background
The conventional ring piece is manufactured by using a round steel ingot which is made of 42CrMo, has the diameter of 500-600 mm and the height-diameter ratio of less than or equal to 3, and the manufacturing process of the ring piece is as follows: blanking → heating → upsetting and punching blank → rolling ring → quenching → tempering, because the manufacturing process of the ring piece is unreasonable, the surface and the inner hole of the ring piece close to the chamfer have the defects of folding and skin clamping all the time, and the harmful tissues in the ring piece are more, thus the product quality and the production progress are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a method for effectively avoiding the generation of folding skin and harmful tissues during the forging of the ring piece is provided.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for avoiding the production of the folding skin and the harmful tissue during the forging of the ring piece is characterized in that the ring piece is made of a round steel ingot which is made of 42CrMo, has the diameter of 500-600 mm and has the height-diameter ratio of less than or equal to 3: the method comprises the following steps: before upsetting, punching and blank making, heating a round steel ingot by adopting the following heating process: A. after the round steel ingot is loaded into a heating furnace, firstly, igniting and heating under the condition of half-opening a furnace door, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 800 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 250 +/-5 ℃/h, completely closing the furnace door when the furnace is heated to 500 +/-10 ℃, then continuously heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and heat preservation time after the furnace door is closed is 2.9-3.1 h in total; B. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1000 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 85 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 2.4-2.6 h in total; C. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1100 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 65 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 1.4-1.6 h in total; D. setting the heating temperature of a heating furnace at 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 35 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 1.4-1.6 h in total; E. and (3) preserving the heat of the heating furnace for 3.8-4.2 h at the temperature of 1150 +/-10 ℃.
Further, the method for avoiding the generation of the folded skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring piece is described, wherein: the round steel ingot comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.42-0.45%; si: 0.20-0.30%; mn: 0.70-0.80%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.010 percent; cr: 1.05-1.20%; mo: 0.20-0.25%; ni: 0.10-0.20%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: 0.015-0.035%; ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18 ppm; n: less than or equal to 70ppm, and the balance being Fe.
Further, the method for avoiding the generation of the folded skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring piece is described, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance before quenching, so that the temperature of cooling water in the water tank is controlled to be 15-40 ℃, the temperature difference of all parts of water in the water tank is controlled to be within 1.5 ℃, and the water flow speed in the center of the water tank is controlled to be 0.8-1.2 m/s; during quenching and heating, the charging temperature of the ring piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 4-6 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 180 ℃/h, and then the ring piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; closing the door and window before quenching to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the ring piece, wherein the surface temperature of the ring piece before quenching in water is not less than 780 ℃, the quenching water cooling time is 25-35 min, and the temperature of cooling water in the whole water cooling quenching process is not more than 40 ℃; and (3) charging the ring piece into a furnace within 30min after quenching, tempering, heating to 595 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7-10 h at the heating speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and then discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
Further, the method for avoiding the generation of the folded skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring piece is described, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: the initial forging temperature of the round steel ingot in the process of upsetting, punching and blank manufacturing is controlled to be 1100-1150 ℃, the round steel ingot after upsetting is punched by a hedging method, and the punching height of the lower punch is controlled to be 80-150 mm.
Further, the method for avoiding the generation of the folded skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring piece is described, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: the initial forging temperature of a steel billet obtained after the round steel ingot is subjected to upsetting, punching and billet making is controlled to be 1050-1150 ℃ during ring rolling, the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850-880 ℃, and if the temperature of the steel billet is lower than 1050 ℃, the steel billet needs to be returned to a furnace and kept at 1050-1150 ℃ for more than 30min, and then the steel billet can be taken out of the furnace and subjected to ring rolling.
Further, the method for avoiding the generation of the folded skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring piece is described, wherein: the discharged round steel ingot is manufactured by adopting a smelting method of an electric furnace, external refining and vacuum degassing.
The invention has the advantages that: the method provided by the invention optimizes and defines parameters of each procedure in the ring manufacturing process, so that the phenomenon that folding and skin clamping are generated on the surface and the inner hole of the ring close to the chamfer angle during forging can be effectively avoided, and the effects of grain refinement, uniform structure and harmful structure reduction can be achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The method for avoiding the generation of folding skin and harmful tissues during the forging of the ring piece is characterized in that the ring piece is manufactured by adopting a round steel ingot which is made of 42CrMo, has the diameter of 500-600 mm and the height-diameter ratio of less than or equal to 3, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the discharged round steel ingot is manufactured by adopting a smelting method of an electric furnace, external refining and vacuum degassing, and the round steel ingot comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.42-0.45%; si: 0.20-0.30%; mn: 0.70-0.80%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.010 percent; cr: 1.05-1.20%; mo: 0.20-0.25%; ni: 0.10-0.20%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: 0.015-0.035%; ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18 ppm; n: less than or equal to 70ppm, and the balance being Fe. The steel ingot material is optimized, so that the folding and skin-clamping and harmful substances are not easy to generate during forging;
(2) the method comprises the steps of A, after the round steel ingot is placed into a heating furnace, firstly, igniting and heating under the condition of half-opening a furnace door, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace to 800 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed to 250 +/-5 ℃/h, completely closing the furnace door when the furnace is heated to 500 +/-10 ℃, then, continuing to heat and preserve heat, wherein the heating and heat preservation time after the furnace door is closed is 2.9-3.1 h in total, B, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace to 1000 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed to 85 +/-5 ℃/h, then, continuing to heat and preserve heat, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is 2.4-2.6 h in total, C, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace to 1100 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed to 65 +/-5 ℃/h, then, continuing to heat and preserve heat, wherein the heating and heat preservation time is 1.4-1.6 h in total, D, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace to 1150 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed to 35 +/-5 ℃, setting the heating speed to 65 +/-5 ℃/h, then, continuing to heat and the heating and heat preservation time to reduce the energy consumption of a steel ingot which is 2.6.7, wherein the steel ingot is reduced by the cost of a steel ingot which is reduced by the conventional ingot heating process, and the cost of a hot ingot is reduced by the cost of a half-2.7.6, and the cost of a steel ingot is reduced by a half-2.7, and a steel ingot, and the steel ingot is reduced by a steel ingot which is reduced by a more, the conventional steel ingot which is reduced by a steel ingot which is produced by a steel ingot heating process of a steel ingot which is produced by a steel ingot heating process of a;
(3) the initial forging temperature of the round steel ingot in the process of upsetting, punching and blank manufacturing is controlled to be 1100-1150 ℃, the round steel ingot after upsetting is punched by a hedging method, and the punching height of the lower punch is controlled to be 80-150 mm. The forging starting temperature is controlled to ensure the temperature of the steel ingot during punching, and the steel ingot is easy to produce punching and skin connection when the temperature of the steel ingot is too low and the steel ingot is punched; in the traditional blank making stage, the punching usually adopts direct punching, and the core material can be punched at the place close to the lower surface of the steel ingot with low temperature by the direct punching, so that punching and skin connection are easily generated at the place close to the lower surface of the steel ingot with low temperature, and the punching and skin connection can be developed into a folding and skin clamping in the subsequent ring rolling process; in order to avoid the situation, the punching is carried out by adopting a counter-punching method, the punching height of the lower punch is controlled to be 80-150 mm, so that the position of punching away the core material can be controlled to be close to the central part of the steel ingot, namely the position of the steel ingot with high temperature, and the generation of punching and skinning can be avoided as much as possible. The opposite impact method comprises the following steps: firstly, punching a blind hole in the center of the lower surface of a steel ingot by using a lower punch, then punching the blind hole in the center of the upper surface of the steel ingot by using an upper punch, so that a core material at the core part of the steel ingot can be pressed by the upper punch and the lower punch in an up-and-down opposite punching manner, then transferring the steel ingot onto a lower cutting board with a blanking hole, and then punching the core material from the steel ingot by using the upper punch;
(4) the method comprises the following steps that the initial forging temperature of a steel billet obtained after round steel ingot rough-upsetting and punching blank rolling is controlled to be 1050-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850-880 ℃, if the temperature of the steel billet is lower than 1050 ℃, the steel billet needs to be re-heated at 1050-1150 ℃ for more than 30min, and then the steel billet can be taken out of a furnace to start ring rolling, wherein the reason for controlling the initial forging temperature is that ①, at the temperature, microscopic grains of a material are finest, the temperature inside and outside the blank is most uniform, the deformation of the blank is more uniform during subsequent blank making, and the condition of uneven local stress cannot occur;
(5) starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance before quenching, so that the temperature of cooling water in the water tank is controlled to be 15-40 ℃, the temperature difference of all parts of water in the water tank is controlled to be within 1.5 ℃, and the water flow speed in the center of the water tank is controlled to be 0.8-1.2 m/s; during quenching and heating, the charging temperature of the ring piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 4-6 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 180 ℃/h, and then the ring piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; closing the door and window before quenching to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the ring piece, wherein the surface temperature of the ring piece before quenching in water is not less than 780 ℃, the quenching water cooling time is 25-35 min, and the temperature of cooling water in the whole water cooling quenching process is not more than 40 ℃; and (3) charging the ring piece into a furnace within 30min after quenching, tempering, heating to 595 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7-10 h at the heating speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and then discharging from the furnace for air cooling. After the heat treatment process is adopted, harmful tissues can be better eliminated, so that the mechanical property of the ring piece is more excellent.
Claims (6)
1. The method for avoiding the production of the folding skin and the harmful tissue during the forging of the ring piece is characterized in that the ring piece is made of a round steel ingot which is made of 42CrMo, has the diameter of 500-600 mm and has the height-diameter ratio of less than or equal to 3: the method comprises the following steps: before upsetting, punching and blank making, heating a round steel ingot by adopting the following heating process: A. after the round steel ingot is loaded into a heating furnace, firstly, igniting and heating under the condition of half-opening a furnace door, setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 800 +/-10 ℃, setting the heating speed at 250 +/-5 ℃/h, completely closing the furnace door when the furnace is heated to 500 +/-10 ℃, then continuously heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and heat preservation time after the furnace door is closed is 2.9-3.1 h in total; B. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1000 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 85 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 2.4-2.6 h in total; C. setting the heating temperature of the heating furnace at 1100 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 65 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 1.4-1.6 h in total; D. setting the heating temperature of a heating furnace at 1150 +/-10 ℃ and the heating speed at 35 +/-5 ℃/h, then continuing heating and preserving heat, wherein the heating and preserving heat time is 1.4-1.6 h in total; E. and (3) preserving the heat of the heating furnace for 3.8-4.2 h at the temperature of 1150 +/-10 ℃.
2. The method for avoiding the occurrence of the fold skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the round steel ingot comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.42-0.45%; si: 0.20-0.30%; mn: 0.70-0.80%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.010 percent; cr: 1.05-1.20%; mo: 0.20-0.25%; ni: 0.10-0.20%; cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al: 0.015-0.035%; ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; h: less than or equal to 1.8 ppm; o: less than or equal to 18 ppm; n: less than or equal to 70ppm, and the balance being Fe.
3. The method for avoiding the occurrence of the fold skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method further comprises the following steps: starting a circulating stirring system of the water tank in advance before quenching, so that the temperature of cooling water in the water tank is controlled to be 15-40 ℃, the temperature difference of all parts of water in the water tank is controlled to be within 1.5 ℃, and the water flow speed in the center of the water tank is controlled to be 0.8-1.2 m/s; during quenching and heating, the charging temperature of the ring piece is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the temperature is raised to 850 +/-10 ℃, then the temperature is kept for 4-6 h, the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 180 ℃/h, and then the ring piece is taken out of the furnace for quenching; closing the door and window before quenching to prevent wind from directly blowing on the surface of the ring piece, wherein the surface temperature of the ring piece before quenching in water is not less than 780 ℃, the quenching water cooling time is 25-35 min, and the temperature of cooling water in the whole water cooling quenching process is not more than 40 ℃; and (3) charging the ring piece into a furnace within 30min after quenching, tempering, heating to 595 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7-10 h at the heating speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, and then discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
4. The method for avoiding the occurrence of the fold skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method further comprises the following steps: the initial forging temperature of the round steel ingot in the process of upsetting, punching and blank manufacturing is controlled to be 1100-1150 ℃, the round steel ingot after upsetting is punched by a hedging method, and the punching height of the lower punch is controlled to be 80-150 mm.
5. The method for avoiding the occurrence of the fold skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method further comprises the following steps: the initial forging temperature of a steel billet obtained after the round steel ingot is subjected to upsetting, punching and billet making is controlled to be 1050-1150 ℃ during ring rolling, the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850-880 ℃, and if the temperature of the steel billet is lower than 1050 ℃, the steel billet needs to be returned to a furnace and kept at 1050-1150 ℃ for more than 30min, and then the steel billet can be taken out of the furnace and subjected to ring rolling.
6. The method for avoiding the occurrence of the fold skin and the harmful texture during the forging of the ring according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the discharged round steel ingot is manufactured by adopting a smelting method of an electric furnace, external refining and vacuum degassing.
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