CN116351996A - Novel thermal deformation method for blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN - Google Patents
Novel thermal deformation method for blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN Download PDFInfo
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- CN116351996A CN116351996A CN202310284461.5A CN202310284461A CN116351996A CN 116351996 A CN116351996 A CN 116351996A CN 202310284461 A CN202310284461 A CN 202310284461A CN 116351996 A CN116351996 A CN 116351996A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
- B21J9/20—Control devices specially adapted to forging presses not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel thermal deformation method of blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN, which refines grains by adopting a technology for controlling heating temperature, heating rate, thermal deformation variable and subsequent thermal treatment process control in the thermal deformation process for smelted blade steel, wherein the grain size of the obtained blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN after thermal deformation is controlled to be 7-8 levels, and the comprehensive mechanical property after thermal treatment after deformation completely meets the technical requirements of high strength and high impact toughness, thereby solving the problems that the steel cracks due to improper thermal deformation process or the tensile property does not meet the technical requirements of users due to excessively thick grains; the steel provides technical support for realizing localization, solves the technical bottleneck problem of the steel, fills the technical blank in the field, reduces the production cost, can greatly improve the economic benefit, and has wide market popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel thermal deformation, and particularly relates to a novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN thermal deformation method.
Background
The 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN steel is a martensitic stainless steel for final blades of Cr-Ni-Nb-Mo-V steam turbines developed by Japanese Hitachi Co, which improves C, mo on the basis of KT5312AS6 (1 Cr12Ni3Mo2 VN), reduces V, si and Mn and adds Nb elements, and is mainly used for manufacturing 1200mm final blades of steam turbines of million kilowatt nuclear power plants. In the prior art, researches on blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN are mainly focused on the aspect of heat treatment technology, and the research on the thermal deformation technology is blank, and in the using and production process of the steel, steel billets are often cracked due to improper thermal deformation technology, so that the production qualification rate of the steel is greatly reduced, the production cost is increased, and the benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention adopts a technology for controlling the heating temperature, the heating rate, the thermal deformation variable and the subsequent heat treatment process in the thermal deformation process for the smelted 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN blade steel, the grain size of the obtained blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN after thermal deformation is controlled to be 7-8 levels, and the comprehensive mechanical property after thermal treatment after deformation completely meets the technical requirements, thereby solving the problems that the steel cracks due to improper thermal deformation process or the tensile property does not meet the technical requirements of users due to excessively thick grains.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention provides a novel thermal deformation method of blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN, wherein the novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.08 to 0.155, mn:0.30 to 0.65, ni:3.30 to 3.75, cr:10.5 to 12.5, mo: 3.00-3.35, V:0.25 to 0.37 percent, 0.04 to 0.11 percent of N, nb:0.120 to 0.175 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The unavoidable impurities of the novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN comprise P and S, wherein the weight percentage of P is less than or equal to 0.020%, and the weight percentage of S is less than or equal to 0.003%.
The novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN thermal deformation method comprises the following steps:
(1) electroslag ingot heating
Placing the electroslag ingot into a heating furnace, heating to 860+/-10 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, heating to 1170 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours. Because the steel alloy content is higher, the phenomenon of cracking caused by temperature difference in the steel ingot due to the fact that the heating rate is too high in the heating process is often caused.
(2) Quick forging cogging
And heating the steel ingot and discharging the steel ingot out of the heating furnace for quick forging and cogging. The quick forging cogging adopts a two-upsetting and two-pulling process, namely one-time upsetting and pulling: upsetting the steel ingot to enable the length of the steel ingot to be 40% of the original length, and then drawing the upsetted steel ingot to the original length along the axial direction. Returning the steel ingot subjected to upsetting and pulling back to the heating furnace for reheating and returning, wherein the returning temperature is 1160+/-10 ℃, and after heat preservation is more than or equal to 1 hour, discharging the steel ingot from the furnace for secondary upsetting and pulling: the steel ingot after reheating is upset to the length not less than 50% -60% of the original length, and then the steel ingot is drawn to the original length along the axial direction. To ensure the quality of the billet, the forging temperature is usually not lower than 1050+ -10deg.C, and the final forging temperature is not lower than 950 deg.C. Through the two upsetting processes, the structure uniformity of the steel billet can be improved, grains can be refined, and the mechanical property of the material can be improved.
(3) And (5) precision forging and forming:
carrying out finish forging forming on the steel ingot subjected to the quick forging in the step (2), wherein the finish forging forming is to heat the steel billet subjected to the quick forging and cogging in a heating furnace at 1150+/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for more than or equal to 10 hours; then, the heated quick forging billet is subjected to precision forging forming into finished product specifications by using a precision forging machine; and (3) the finish forging opening temperature is not lower than 1050+/-10 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃.
(4) Annealing heat treatment:
and (3) rapidly collecting and loading the precisely forged steel billet in the step (3) into an annealing furnace for material waiting, wherein the temperature of the material waiting is controlled to be 400-500 ℃, the material waiting is heated to 680+/-10 ℃ according to the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then the heat is preserved, the heat preservation time is calculated according to t (h) =10+0.03 (diameter of the bar is mm-100), and then the material is gradually cooled to the material temperature of 150 ℃ along with the furnace and then discharged for air cooling. Residual stress can be generated due to internal and external temperature difference caused by different cooling speeds of the surface and the core in the cooling process after the steel is hot rolled or forged. In order to prevent the blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN with higher alloy content from deforming and cracking after forging, stress relief annealing heat treatment should be carried out in time after forging.
The application of the method in the novel heat-resistant steel ingot heat deformation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, for the smelted 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN blade steel, a heating temperature, a heating rate, a thermal deformation variable and a subsequent hot-treatment process control technology in a thermal deformation process are controlled, the grain size of the obtained blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN after thermal deformation is controlled to be 7-8 levels, and the comprehensive mechanical property after thermal treatment after deformation completely meets the technical requirements, so that the problems that the steel cracks due to improper thermal deformation process or the tensile property does not meet the technical requirements of users due to excessively large grains are solved; the cracking of the steel in the forging process is avoided; the grain size is thinned, so that the mechanical property of the steel after heat treatment meets the requirement of high strength of users; meanwhile, the impact toughness of the steel is improved, technical support is provided for realizing localization of the steel, the technical bottleneck problem of the steel is solved, the technical blank in the field is filled, the production cost is reduced, the economic benefit can be greatly improved, and the steel has a wide market popularization prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, but is not limited in any way. For the sake of brevity, the raw materials in the following examples are all commercial products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN has the chemical components which meet the following requirements in percentage by weight, wherein C is 0.145-0.20, si:0.08 to 0.155, mn:0.30 to 0.65, ni:3.30 to 3.75, cr:10.5 to 12.5, mo: 3.00-3.35, V:0.25 to 0.37 percent, 0.04 to 0.11 percent of N, nb:0.120 to 0.175 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.020 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The technical requirements of the 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN blade steel products in the examples are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 technical requirements of the products
Example 1
The embodiment provides a thermal deformation method for improving novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN, specifically taking a billet with the specification of phi 180mm as an example, and the special deformation process is as follows:
(1) heating an electroslag ingot: the electroslag ingot with phi of 550mm multiplied by 1500mm is placed in a heating furnace, heated to 860 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, kept for 4 hours, heated to 1170 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, and kept for 10 hours.
(2) Forging and cogging the electroslag ingot: and heating the steel ingot and discharging the steel ingot out of the heating furnace for quick forging and cogging. The quick forging cogging adopts a two-upsetting and two-drawing process, namely one-time upsetting and drawing: upsetting the steel ingot, upsetting the electroslag ingot with the length of 1500mm to 600mm along the longitudinal direction, and then drawing the upsetted steel ingot to the original length, namely 1500mm along the axial direction. Returning the steel ingot subjected to upsetting and pulling back to the heating furnace for reheating and returning to the furnace, wherein the temperature of returning to the furnace is 1160 ℃, and after heat preservation for 2 hours, discharging from the furnace for secondary upsetting and pulling: the steel ingot after reheating is upset to 900mm in length, and then the steel ingot is drawn to the original length along the axial direction, namely 1500mm. To ensure the quality of the billet, the forging temperature is generally 1050 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not lower than 950 ℃.
(3) And (5) precision forging and forming: and (5) performing precision forging forming on the steel ingot after the quick forging. The billet after the quick forging and cogging is placed in a heating furnace to be heated, the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours. And then the heated rapid forging steel billet is subjected to precision forging forming by a precision forging machine to obtain a finished product with the specification of phi 180 mm. The finish forging temperature is usually not lower than 1030+/-10 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃.
(4) Annealing heat treatment: and after finish forging, rapidly collecting and loading the annealing furnace for waiting, wherein the temperature of the waiting is controlled to be 400-500 ℃, heating the waiting to 680 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 12.4 hours, slowly cooling to 150 ℃ along with a furnace, and discharging and air cooling. The mechanical properties of the product obtained according to example 1 after thermal conditioning are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a thermal deformation method for improving novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN, specifically taking a billet with the specification of phi 350mm as an example, and the special deformation process is as follows:
(1) heating an electroslag ingot: the electroslag ingot with phi of 550mm multiplied by 1500mm is placed in a heating furnace, heated to 860 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, kept for 4 hours, heated to 1170 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, and kept for 10 hours.
(2) Forging and cogging the electroslag ingot: and heating the steel ingot and discharging the steel ingot out of the heating furnace for quick forging and cogging. The quick forging cogging adopts a two-upsetting and two-drawing process, namely one-time upsetting and drawing: upsetting the steel ingot, upsetting the electroslag ingot with the length of 1500mm to 600mm along the longitudinal direction, and then drawing the upsetted steel ingot to the original length, namely 1500mm along the axial direction. Returning the steel ingot subjected to upsetting and pulling back to the heating furnace for reheating and returning to the furnace, wherein the temperature of returning to the furnace is 1160 ℃, and after heat preservation for 2 hours, discharging from the furnace for secondary upsetting and pulling: the steel ingot after reheating is upset to 750mm in length, and then the steel ingot is drawn to the original length, namely 1500mm in axial direction. To ensure the quality of the billet, the forging temperature is generally 1050 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not lower than 950 ℃.
(3) And (5) precision forging and forming: and (5) performing precision forging forming on the steel ingot after the quick forging. The billet after the quick forging and cogging is placed in a heating furnace to be heated, the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours. And then the heated rapid forging steel billet is subjected to precision forging forming by a precision forging machine to obtain a finished product with the specification of phi 350 mm. The finish forging temperature is usually not lower than 1030+/-10 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃.
(4) Annealing heat treatment: and after finish forging, rapidly collecting and loading the annealing furnace for waiting, wherein the temperature of the waiting is controlled to be 400-500 ℃, heating the waiting to 680 ℃ at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 17.5 hours, slowly cooling to 150 ℃ along with a furnace, and discharging and air cooling. The mechanical properties of the product obtained according to example 2 after thermal conditioning are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 mechanical Properties of the products after Heat treatment
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the product obtained by the method according to the present example completely meets the requirements of users in terms of comprehensive mechanical properties after heat treatment, and no cracking occurs during the whole production process.
Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technology, or the technology can be modified to be equivalent. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN thermal deformation method is characterized in that the novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.08 to 0.155, mn:0.30 to 0.65, ni:3.30 to 3.75, cr:10.5 to 12.5, mo: 3.00-3.35, V:0.25 to 0.37 percent, 0.04 to 0.11 percent of N, nb:0.120 to 0.175 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unavoidable impurities of the novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN comprise P and S, wherein the weight percentage of P is less than or equal to 0.020%, and the weight percentage of S is less than or equal to 0.003%.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the novel blade steel 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN thermal deformation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating an electroslag ingot:
placing the electroslag ingot into a heating furnace, heating to 860+/-10 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, heating to 1170 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10-15 hours;
(2) quick forging cogging:
the steel ingot heated in the step (1) is discharged from a heating furnace to be subjected to quick forging and cogging, and the quick forging and cogging adopts a two-upsetting and two-drawing process;
(3) and (5) precision forging and forming:
carrying out finish forging forming on the steel ingot subjected to the quick forging in the step (2); the precision forging forming is to put the billet after the quick forging and cogging into a heating furnace for heating, the heating temperature is 1150+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation is more than or equal to 10 hours; performing precision forging on the heated quick forging billet to form a finished product specification;
(4) annealing heat treatment:
and (3) rapidly collecting and loading the precisely forged steel billet in the step (3) into an annealing furnace for material waiting, wherein the temperature of the material waiting is controlled to be 400-500 ℃, the material waiting is heated to 680+/-10 ℃ according to the heating rate of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then the heat is preserved, the heat preservation time is calculated according to t hours = 10+0.03 (the diameter of the bar is mm-100), and then the material is gradually cooled to the material temperature of 150 ℃ along with the furnace and then discharged for air cooling.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the process for two upsetting and two drawing in the step (2) comprises one upsetting and drawing: upsetting the steel ingot to enable the length of the steel ingot to be 40% of the original length, and then drawing the upsetted steel ingot to the original length along the axial direction; returning the steel ingot subjected to upsetting and pulling back to the heating furnace for reheating and returning to the furnace, wherein the temperature of returning to the furnace is 1160+/-10 ℃, and after heat preservation is carried out for more than or equal to 1 hour, discharging from the furnace for secondary upsetting and pulling; and upsetting the reheated steel ingot to the length of not less than 50% -60% of the original length by the secondary upsetting, and then axially drawing the steel ingot to the original length.
5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and (3) the finish forging opening temperature is not lower than 1050+/-10 ℃ and the finish forging temperature is not lower than 900 ℃.
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a novel heat-resistant steel ingot hot deformation process.
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