CN110694297B - Extraction method of plant anthocyanin and roselle anthocyanin extract - Google Patents
Extraction method of plant anthocyanin and roselle anthocyanin extract Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting plant anthocyanin and a roselle anthocyanin extract, which comprises the following steps: fully drying plant materials containing anthocyanin, crushing the plant materials into particles with the average particle size of 35-50 mu m, then adding water and carrying out pressurized extraction at least twice, and concentrating and spray drying the extracted liquid to obtain the anthocyanin extract. The extraction method of anthocyanin in plants combines superfine grinding, aqueous solvent pressure extraction, spray drying and color protection, and the like, the obtained extract has the characteristics of instant dissolution, bright color, stable character and the like, and the high-quality hibiscus sabdariffa red pigment is used as a food additive and a health food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant component extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting plant anthocyanin and a roselle anthocyanin extract.
Background
Anthocyanin: the compound is a compound formed by combining anthocyanidin and sugar through glycosidic bond, and is widely present in cell sap of flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and root organs of plants, so that the plant is in different colors from red, purple red to blue and the like. Anthocyanins are flavonoids, a family of compounds that can appear red in a class of substances based on flavonoid nuclei. It is used for eliminating free radical, resisting tumor, resisting inflammation, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation, preventing diabetes, reducing weight, protecting vision, etc. owing to its unique functionality.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L also called Hibiscus sabdariffa L, and Hibiscus sabdariffa L belong to Malvaceae annual herbaceous plant. The roselle flowers are beautiful and bright red after being soaked, and have the effects of helping digestion, promoting the production of body fluid and quenching thirst, so the roselle flowers have a long history of being drunk as scented tea. In recent years, medical researches prove that the artificial cultivation area of the roselle calyx is continuously enlarged with the health care effects of resisting oxidation, reducing blood pressure and the like of the roselle calyx anthocyanin, and more than 100 kilograms of dry calyx can be obtained in each mu of land. However, the processing and utilization degree is still low, the related products of the roselle in the market are mainly dried calyces in the flowering phase, the anthocyanin is the main color generation factor of the roselle calyces and is mauve or deep red mostly, and the anthocyanin and the organic acid are released after the roselle calyces are soaked in warm water, so that the tea soup is bright red and has certain special fruit acid taste. At present, the roselle calyx is mainly used for directly drinking dry soaking water or drinking after seasoning, and a small amount of roselle processed products such as preserved fruits, jam, fruit wine, cakes and stuffing and the like also exist.
The roselle deep-processing product is mainly roselle anthocyanin extract with the trade name of roselle red, and the quality character of the roselle red is clarified in GB28312-2012 national food safety standard food additive roselle red, so that the production and the use of the roselle red are more standard. Later, GB2760-2014 national food safety standard food additive usage Standard uses roselle calyx red extract colorant food additives in fruit and vegetable juice, flavor beverage and compound wine according to production requirements, without limit value. Therefore, in recent years, the market demand of the hibiscus color is increasing, but the content and the color of anthocyanin are different greatly, so that the demand of some high-grade desserts and blended fruit wine on natural pigment is difficult to meet. In addition, the high-purity anthocyanin can be developed into a dietary nutrition supplement or a health food, and the commodity additional value of the roselle extract is improved.
In the prior art, 50-80% ethanol solution is adopted for multiple times of leaching, filtrate is subjected to spray drying to prepare the hibiscus sabdariffa red, the content of anthocyanin is usually 5-20%, and the following technical defects exist: (1) the extraction rate of anthocyanin is low, mainly because the roselle calyx is mechanically crushed by a common crusher, the particle size is larger, the average particle size is larger than 100 mu m, the physical barrier of cell walls cannot be broken, and the anthocyanin is difficult to release; (2) the method has the advantages that impurities are abundant, high-concentration ethanol solution is adopted as an extracting agent, compared with water as a solvent, the ethanol can promote the anthocyanin to be dissolved and released, the extraction rate is improved, other polysaccharides, polyphenols and flavonoid phytochemicals are simultaneously released and dissolved in an extracting solution, and the obtained extract is easy to precipitate when applied to clear beverages; (3) the method has the advantages that the problem of environmental protection exists, the ethanol solution can be recycled repeatedly, but the ethanol solution is usually not more than three times, the waste ethanol solution needs to be subjected to environmental protection treatment, and the waste ethanol solution is flammable and explosive, has fire-fighting potential safety hazards, and increases the fire-fighting and environmental protection costs of enterprises; (4) the extract is generally brick red or dark red, has low color value and insufficient bright color, and needs to be increased in use amount or be used together with other chemical synthetic pigments to achieve the color required by production.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The extraction method of anthocyanin in plants combines superfine grinding, aqueous solvent pressure extraction, spray drying and color protection and the like, and the obtained extract has the characteristics of instant dissolution, bright color, stable character and the like, and the high-quality hibiscus sabdariffa red pigment is used as a food additive and a health food.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method for extracting anthocyanin from plants comprises the following steps:
drying plant materials containing anthocyanin, crushing the plant materials to particles with the average particle size of 35-50 mu m, then adding water and carrying out pressurized extraction at least twice, concentrating and spray drying the extracted liquid to obtain the anthocyanin extract;
preferably, the plant material containing anthocyanin includes flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and rootlets of plants;
preferably, in the process of drying the plant material containing anthocyanin, the drying is specifically to dry the plant material until the water content of the plant material is reduced to below 8%;
more preferably, the drying temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the drying time is 1-6 h;
more preferably, the drying adopts a vibrating fluidized bed dryer or a vacuum drying oven;
preferably, before the grinding to the average particle size of 35-50 μm, the method further comprises the step of grinding to the average particle size of 150-250 μm;
preferably, the mass ratio of the plant material containing anthocyanin to the water is 1-2: 15;
preferably, the pressure of each pressure extraction is 1-1.013 MPa, and the pressure extraction time is 10-15 minutes;
preferably, the temperature of each pressure extraction is 60-65 ℃;
preferably, the time interval between every two adjacent pressure extractions is at least 5 minutes, and more preferably 5-10 minutes;
preferably, the times of the pressure extraction are 3-4 times;
more preferably, the operation of pressurizing is performed with nitrogen;
preferably, stirring is carried out in each pressure extraction process, the stirring speed is 100-120 rpm, and more preferably, a magnetic stirrer is adopted for stirring;
preferably, the concentration is at least half of the volume of the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution;
more preferably, the concentration is performed using a rotary evaporator;
more preferably, the concentration temperature is 60-65 ℃;
preferably, the spray drying specifically comprises the following steps:
adding maltodextrin and zinc gluconate into the concentrated solution obtained after the concentration, homogenizing, and performing spray drying to obtain an anthocyanin extract;
wherein the feeding temperature of the spray drying is 60-65 ℃, the air inlet temperature is 140-150 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 75-80 ℃;
more preferably, the concentration of the maltodextrin is 20-25% W/V, and the DE value is 15-20;
more preferably, the concentration of the zinc gluconate is 0.08-0.1 g/L;
more preferably, the rotation speed of the homogenization treatment is 4800 to 5000rpm, and more preferably, the time of the homogenization treatment is 10 to 15 minutes.
A roselle anthocyanin extract is extracted by the extraction method of the anthocyanin in the plant, wherein the plant is roselle.
Preferably, the roselle anthocyanin extract takes the calyx of roselle as the raw material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method adopts the raw materials subjected to superfine grinding treatment and drying, and can obtain the powdery raw materials with smaller particle size (less than or equal to 50 mu m) after superfine grinding treatment, and the powdery raw materials have a wall breaking effect on cells of the raw materials during superfine grinding, so that the dissolution rate of anthocyanin in the raw materials is improved.
(2) The application adopts the operation of water solvent pressurization extraction, can greatly promote the release and dissolution of anthocyanin, and the extraction amount of anthocyanin is equivalent to 85 percent of methanol extraction (generally thought as the maximum value of theoretical extraction rate), and simultaneously reduces the usage amount and cost of solvent, and is more environment-friendly.
(3) According to the application, zinc gluconate is used as a color fixative before spray drying, anthocyanin in roselle is mostly anthocyanin, partial glycosidic bond can be hydrolyzed due to the rise of pH and temperature in the extraction process, the chemical property of the anthocyanin is unstable, the anthocyanin is converted into a chalcone structure to fade, the gluconate ion of the zinc gluconate can be combined with the anthocyanin pyran cation to maintain the stable structure, and the zinc ion is also beneficial to improving the red degree value a.
(4) The roselle anthocyanin extract provided by the application is wine red, the anthocyanin content can reach 35%, the white degree L value measured by a Hunter colorimeter is 46.25, the red degree a value is 23.16, and the yellow degree b value is 0.52; the water content is less than 5%, the time required for complete dissolution in hot water at 50 ℃ is less than or equal to 50s, and no precipitation can occur after standing for 15 min.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process for extracting anthocyanin from a plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention provides a method for extracting anthocyanin in plants, which comprises the following steps:
the plant material containing anthocyanin is dried, crushed into particles with the average particle size of 35-50 mu m, then added with water and subjected to pressurized extraction at least twice, and the obtained extracting solution is concentrated and spray-dried to obtain the anthocyanin extract.
The invention adopts superfine grinding to process the dried raw material, and improves the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin by adopting the operation of pressurized extraction of hydrosolvent. After the superfine grinding treatment, the powder raw material with smaller grain diameter (less than or equal to 50 mu m) can be obtained, and the superfine grinding has a wall breaking effect on cells of the raw material, so that the dissolution rate of anthocyanin in the raw material is improved. The water solvent is adopted for pressurized extraction, so that the release and dissolution of anthocyanin can be greatly promoted, the extraction amount of anthocyanin is equal to 85 percent of that of methanol (generally considered as the maximum value of theoretical extraction rate), the usage amount and cost of solvent are reduced, and the environment is protected.
In a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the plant material containing anthocyanins comprises flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and rootlets of a plant.
In a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the drying parameters are optimized to help improve the efficiency of superfine grinding, and in the process of drying the plant material containing anthocyanin, the drying is specifically carried out until the water content of the plant is reduced to below 8%;
preferably, the drying temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the drying time is 1-6 h.
Preferably, the drying is performed by a vibrating fluidized bed dryer or a vacuum drying oven.
In a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, two-stage crushing is adopted, namely before the crushing to the average particle size of 35-50 μm, the method further comprises the step of crushing to the average particle size of 150-250 μm;
in a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the ratio of the solvent to the raw material is controlled to improve the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of anthocyanin, and the mass ratio of the plant material containing anthocyanin to the water is 1-2: 15;
in a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the parameters of the pressure extraction are optimized to improve the dissolution rate and the dissolution efficiency of anthocyanin, the pressure of each pressure extraction is 1-1.013 MPa, and the time of the pressure extraction is 10-15 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of each pressure extraction is 60-65 ℃.
Preferably, the time interval between every two adjacent pressure extractions is at least 5 minutes, and more preferably 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the number of times of the pressure extraction is 3-4.
More preferably, the pressurization is performed using nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency of anthocyanins, stirring is performed in each pressure extraction process, the stirring speed is 100 to 120rpm, and preferably, a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration is at least half of the volume of the extract to obtain a concentrated solution, which facilitates the subsequent spray drying operation.
Preferably, the concentration is performed using a rotary evaporator;
preferably, the concentration temperature is 60-65 ℃;
in a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the spray drying specifically includes the following steps:
adding maltodextrin and zinc gluconate into the concentrated solution obtained after the concentration, homogenizing, and performing spray drying to obtain a roselle anthocyanin extract; wherein the feeding temperature of the spray drying is 60-65 ℃, the air inlet temperature is 140-150 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 75-80 ℃.
According to the application, zinc gluconate is used as a color fixative before spray drying, anthocyanin in roselle is mostly anthocyanin, partial glycosidic bond can be hydrolyzed due to the rise of pH and temperature in the extraction process, the chemical property of the anthocyanin is unstable, the anthocyanin is converted into a chalcone structure to fade, the gluconate ions of the zinc gluconate can be combined with the anthocyanidin and pyran cations to maintain the stable structure, and the zinc ions also have the main words to improve the red degree value a.
Preferably, the concentration of the maltodextrin is 20-25% W/V, and the DE value is 15-20;
preferably, the concentration of the zinc gluconate is 0.08-0.1 g/L;
preferably, the rotation speed of the homogenization treatment is 4800-5000 rpm, and more preferably, the time of the homogenization treatment is 10-15 minutes.
A Hibiscus sabdariffa anthocyanin extract is extracted by the extraction method of plant anthocyanin.
Preferably, the roselle anthocyanin extract takes the calyx of roselle as the raw material.
The roselle anthocyanin extract provided by the application is wine red, the anthocyanin content can reach 35%, the white degree L value measured by a Hunter colorimeter is 46.25, the red degree a value is 23.16, and the yellow degree b value is 0.52; the water content is less than 5%, the time required for complete dissolution in hot water at 50 ℃ is less than or equal to 50s, and no precipitation can occur after standing for 15 min.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
The method for extracting roselle anthocyanin provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting calyx, purchasing superior dry calyx products of roselle in the market, and removing impurities such as seeds, branches and leaves;
the second step is that: drying, namely placing the roselle calyx in a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, and drying for 1h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to reduce the water content to 8%;
the third step: pulverizing, placing dried calyx Hibisci Sabdariffae into a water-flowing type traditional Chinese medicine pulverizer for primary pulverization to obtain coarse powder (average particle size is 160 μm), and feeding the coarse powder into an airflow type ultramicro pulverizer for ultramicro pulverization to obtain ultramicro calyx powder (average particle size is 35 μm);
the fourth step: extracting anthocyanin by pressurizing a water solvent, accurately weighing a certain amount of roselle superfine powder, putting the roselle superfine powder into a high-pressure reaction kettle, taking water as an extraction solvent, and mixing the materials and the solution at a ratio of 1: 15; introducing high-purity nitrogen, pressurizing to 1.013MPa, extracting for 10min, depressurizing to normal pressure of 0.1013MPa, maintaining for 5min, repeating pressurizing and depressurizing cycle for 3 times, wherein magnetic stirring speed is maintained at 100rpm, and temperature is 60 deg.C;
the fifth step: concentrating under reduced pressure, filtering the extractive solution with ultrafiltration membrane, collecting filtrate, and concentrating with rotary evaporator at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to half of original volume to obtain concentrated solution;
and a sixth step: spray drying, adding 25% (W/V) maltodextrin with DE value of 15 and 0.08g/L zinc gluconate, homogenizing at 5000rpm for 10min, and spray drying at 65 deg.C, 150 deg.C and 80 deg.C to obtain Hibiscus Sabdariffa anthocyanin extract.
Example 2
The method for extracting roselle anthocyanin provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting calyx, purchasing superior dry calyx products of roselle in the market, and removing impurities such as seeds, branches and leaves;
the second step is that: drying, namely placing the roselle calyx in a vacuum drying oven, and drying at 65 ℃ for 2h to reduce the water content to 5%;
the third step: pulverizing, placing dried calyx Hibisci Sabdariffae into a water-flowing type traditional Chinese medicine pulverizer for primary pulverization to obtain coarse powder (average particle size is 150 μm), and feeding the coarse powder into an airflow type ultramicro pulverizer for ultramicro pulverization to obtain ultramicro calyx powder (average particle size is 50 μm);
the fourth step: extracting anthocyanin with pressurized water solvent, weighing a certain amount of roselle superfine powder, putting into a high-pressure reaction kettle, taking water as an extraction solvent, and mixing the materials and the solution at a ratio of 2: 15; introducing high-purity nitrogen, pressurizing to 1MPa, extracting for 15min, depressurizing to normal pressure of 0.1013MPa, maintaining for 10min, repeating pressurizing and depressurizing cycle for 2 times, wherein the magnetic stirring speed is maintained at 120rpm, and the temperature is 65 ℃;
the fifth step: concentrating under reduced pressure, filtering the extractive solution with ultrafiltration membrane, collecting filtrate, and concentrating with rotary evaporator at 65 deg.C under reduced pressure to 1/3 to obtain concentrated solution;
and a sixth step: spray drying, adding 20% (W/V) maltodextrin with DE value of 20 and 0.08g/L zinc gluconate, homogenizing at 4800rpm for 15min, and spray drying at 65 deg.C, 140 deg.C and 75 deg.C to obtain Hibiscus Sabdariffa anthocyanin extract.
Example 3
The method for extracting roselle anthocyanin provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting calyx, purchasing superior dry calyx products of roselle in the market, and removing impurities such as seeds, branches and leaves;
the second step is that: drying, namely drying the roselle calyx in a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ for 1h to reduce the water content to 6%;
the third step: pulverizing, placing dried calyx Hibisci Sabdariffae into a water-flowing type traditional Chinese medicine pulverizer for primary pulverization to obtain coarse powder (average particle size is 183 μm), and feeding the coarse powder into an airflow type ultramicro pulverizer for ultramicro pulverization to obtain ultramicro calyx powder (average particle size is 40 μm);
the fourth step: extracting anthocyanin by pressurizing a water solvent, accurately weighing a certain amount of roselle superfine powder, putting the roselle superfine powder into a high-pressure reaction kettle, taking water as an extraction solvent, and mixing the materials and the solution at a ratio of 1: 15; introducing high-purity nitrogen, pressurizing to 1.013MPa, extracting for 12min, depressurizing to normal pressure of 0.1013MPa, maintaining for 6min, repeating pressurizing and depressurizing cycle for 3 times, wherein magnetic stirring speed is kept at 110rpm, and temperature is 62 deg.C;
the fifth step: concentrating under reduced pressure, filtering the extractive solution with ultrafiltration membrane, collecting filtrate, and concentrating with rotary evaporator at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to half of original volume to obtain concentrated solution;
and a sixth step: spray drying, adding 25% (W/V) maltodextrin with DE value of 18 and 0.10g/L zinc gluconate, homogenizing at 4900rpm for 12min, and spray drying at feeding temperature of 60 deg.C, air inlet temperature of 145 deg.C and air outlet temperature of 78 deg.C to obtain Hibiscus Sabdariffa anthocyanin extract.
Example 4
The method for extracting roselle anthocyanin provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting calyx, purchasing superior dry calyx products of roselle in the market, and removing impurities such as seeds, branches and leaves;
the second step is that: drying, namely drying the roselle calyx in a vibrating fluidized bed dryer at 62 ℃ for 1h to reduce the water content to 8%;
the third step: pulverizing, placing dried calyx Hibisci Sabdariffae into a water-flowing type traditional Chinese medicine pulverizer for primary pulverization to obtain coarse powder (average particle size of 165 μm), and feeding the coarse powder into an airflow type ultramicro pulverizer for ultramicro pulverization to obtain ultramicro calyx powder (average particle size of 45 μm);
the fourth step: extracting anthocyanin by pressurizing a water solvent, accurately weighing a certain amount of roselle superfine powder, putting the roselle superfine powder into a high-pressure reaction kettle, taking water as an extraction solvent, and mixing the materials and the solution at a ratio of 1: 15; introducing high-purity nitrogen, pressurizing to 1.013MPa, extracting for 10min, depressurizing to normal pressure of 0.1013MPa, maintaining for 5min, repeating pressurizing and depressurizing cycle for 3 times, wherein magnetic stirring speed is maintained at 100rpm, and temperature is 60 deg.C;
the fifth step: concentrating under reduced pressure, filtering the extractive solution with ultrafiltration membrane, collecting filtrate, and concentrating with rotary evaporator at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure to half of original volume to obtain concentrated solution;
and a sixth step: spray drying, adding 20% (W/V) maltodextrin with DE value of 15 and 0.08g/L zinc gluconate, homogenizing at 5000rpm for 10min, and spray drying at 65 deg.C, 140 deg.C and 80 deg.C to obtain Hibiscus Sabdariffa anthocyanin extract.
The roselle calyx with the same quality as the roselle calyx in the comparative example is extracted for multiple times by adopting 50-80% ethanol solution, and the filtrate is sprayed and dried to prepare the roselle anthocyanin.
Experimental example analysis of product Properties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa anthocyanin
The product properties of hibiscus syringin obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples were analyzed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 product Property test results for Hibiscus syrigmoside
| Serial number | Anthocyanin content/%) | L value of degree of whiteness | Red color degree a value | Degree of yellow b value | Water content |
| Example 1 | 35.5 | 46.25 | 23.16 | 0.52 | ＜5％ |
| Example 2 | 36.4 | 44.14 | 25.35 | 0.64 | ＜5％ |
| Example 3 | 35.8 | 45.23 | 25.63 | 0.72 | ＜5％ |
| Example 4 | 36.2 | 45.06 | 26.37 | 0.69 | ＜5％ |
| Comparative example | 20 | 34.25 | 19.35 | 7.98 | ＜5％ |
Experimental results show that the rose hibiscus extract not only meets the requirement of GB28312 on the product properties of rose hibiscus, but also has the anthocyanin content in the extract which is more than 35 percent and is far higher than that in the prior art. In addition, the time required for completely dissolving the anthocyanin extract in hot water at 50 ℃ is less than or equal to 50s, and the anthocyanin extract does not precipitate after being placed for 15 min.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are not restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the features thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; it is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such alternatives and modifications that are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
1. A method for extracting anthocyanin in plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying plant materials containing anthocyanin, crushing the plant materials to particles with the average particle size of 35-50 mu m, then adding water and carrying out pressurized extraction at least twice, concentrating and spray drying the extracted liquid to obtain the anthocyanin extract; the pressure of each pressure extraction is 1-1.013 Mpa; the temperature of each pressure extraction is 60-65 ℃;
the spray drying specifically comprises the following steps:
adding maltodextrin and zinc gluconate into the concentrated solution obtained after the concentration, homogenizing, and spray drying to obtain anthocyanin extract.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anthocyanin-containing plant material comprises flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and rootlets of plants.
3. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of drying the plant material containing anthocyanin is carried out until the water content of plant is reduced to below 8%.
4. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drying temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the drying time is 1-6 h.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the drying is performed by a vibrated fluidized bed dryer or a vacuum drying oven.
6. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps of: and pulverizing to an average particle size of 150 to 250 μm.
7. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the plant material containing anthocyanin to the water is 1-2: 15.
8. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for pressure extraction is 10-15 minutes; the time interval between every two adjacent pressurized extractions is at least 5 minutes.
9. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of times of pressure extraction is 3-4.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressurization is performed with nitrogen.
11. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein stirring is carried out during each pressure extraction, and the stirring speed is 100-120 rpm.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the stirring is performed with a magnetic stirrer.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration is at least half of the volume of the extract solution to obtain a concentrated solution.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the concentration is performed by a rotary evaporator.
15. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 13, wherein the concentration temperature is 60-65 ℃.
16. The method for extracting anthocyanin from plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding temperature of the spray drying is 60-65 ℃, the air inlet temperature is 140-150 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 75-80 ℃; the concentration of the maltodextrin is 20% -25% W/V, and the DE value is 15-20;
the concentration of the zinc gluconate is 0.08-0.1 g/L; the rotation speed of the homogenization treatment is 4800-5000 rpm; the homogenizing treatment time is 10-15 minutes.
17. An extract of anthocyanin from roselle characterized by being extracted by the method for extracting anthocyanin from a plant according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the plant is roselle.
18. The hibiscus anthocyanin extract of claim 17, wherein the hibiscus anthocyanin extract is derived from the calyx of hibiscus sabdariffa.
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| 植物花色苷的研究进展;单尾宁，刘晓津，索海翠，安康，罗焕明，王丽，李小波;《南方农业学报》;20190228;第279-285页 * |
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