CN110694034A - 一种治疗感冒的中成药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于中成药物技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗感冒的中成药及其制备方法。以升麻、葛根、白芷、川芎、陈皮、香附、片姜黄、赤芍、炙麻黄、紫苏叶、党参、白僵蚕、蝉蜕、酒军、甘草为原料,按照常规制备散剂的方法完成,具体为:将上述重量份数的诸药混合均匀后研末成120目的细粉,然后分装即可。其它剂型均可在此散剂的基础上浓缩加工而成。本发明提供治疗感冒及改善其症状的中药制剂,经过理论与临床验证安全无毒、疗效显著,并且还具备制备简便、药源广泛、成本低廉等优点,尤其对各中医类型感冒的均有很好的效果。其临床有效率高达98%,治愈率达75%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中成药物技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗感冒的中成药及其制备方法。
背景技术
百姓所说的感冒是指“普通感冒”,又称“伤风”、急性鼻炎或上呼吸道感染。感冒是一种常见的急性上呼吸道病毒性感染性疾病,多由鼻病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒、冠状病毒、腺病毒等引起。临床表现为鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕、发热、咳嗽、头痛等,多呈自限性。大多散发,冬春季节多发,但不会出现大流行。病因:鼻病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒、冠状病毒、腺病毒等病毒感染引起,常见的临床表现:本病起病较急,潜伏期1~3天,主要表现为鼻部症状,如喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕,也可表现为咳嗽、咽干、咽痒、咽痛或灼热感,甚至鼻后滴漏感。2~3天后鼻涕变稠,常伴咽痛、流泪、味觉减退、呼吸不畅、声嘶等。一般无发热及全身症状,或仅有低热、不适、轻度畏寒、头痛。
目前西医的治疗原则:一般治疗包括注意休息,多饮水,饮食要容易消化,注意通风等,而缓解症状可使用药物治疗:1.解热镇痛药包括复方阿司匹林、吲哚美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬等药物,适用于发热、肌肉酸痛、头痛的患者。对于严重肝肾功能不全、有出血倾向、上消化道出血等人群,不宜使用此类药物;2.抗组胺药如:马来酸氯苯那敏,对减少打喷嚏和鼻溢效果显著;3.镇咳药:对于剧烈咳嗽,甚至影响休息时,可适量使用镇咳药,目前以右美沙芬的应用较多;4.拟肾上腺素药:对于鼻塞、鼻黏膜充血水肿的患者,可以使用盐酸伪麻黄碱等药物。反复感冒易出现的并发症:中耳炎、急性鼻窦炎、化脓性咽炎、气管-支气管炎、风湿热、肾小球肾炎和心肌炎等。
根据一项全球调查显示,中国已经成为全球第一“感冒大国”。在过去的一年里,有超过10亿人次的国人得过感冒,感冒时间平均长达18.5天。虽然大多数医生和药师建议感冒患者在家休息更有利于康复,同时也可避免将疾病传播给他人,但是依旧有75%的受访者曾在感冒或流感期间坚持外出工作。
呼吸疾病国家重点实验室指出,“国人对感冒的认知仍停留在‘小病’阶段,但是感冒已经严重影响到大众的日常生活、健康乃至生命安危。在20世纪的5次全球性流感事件中,有2次爆发于中国;进入21世纪,非典、禽流感、和甲流更是引发全民健康危机。无论是医疗群体或是大众,都必须认真对待感冒,以专业的治疗方法,降低感冒对社会的危害。”
“在我国,每年都有大量由感冒所引发的危急性病例”,钟南山院士介绍,“例如患有呼吸道慢性疾病的人群或者老人等特殊人群,感冒后往往不立即就医治疗,而是当做‘小病’对待,不积极或者采取不科学的治疗方式,结果诱发更为严重的疾病,威胁生命健康。”
除了成人感冒,在婴幼儿感冒上,同样由于感冒认知不足,引发诸多严重后果。例如服药种类不当、不按剂量服用,甚至由于治疗不当,对儿童造成终身影响。
中医认为感冒的病因病机:是由于六淫、时行病毒侵袭人体而发病。以感受风邪为主,但在不同的季节,往往夹时邪相合而侵入人体,如冬季多夹寒邪,春季多夹风邪,署季多夹暑湿,秋季多夹燥邪,其中尤以风寒、风热、暑湿为多见。风邪夹时令之邪,由人体的皮毛、口鼻而入,侵犯肺卫,则卫阳被遏,营卫失和,邪正相争,肺气失宣,而致感冒。时行感冒因感受时邪疫毒而致病,其特点为发病急,病情重,具有广泛传染性、流行性,较一般伤风感冒为甚。感受外邪是否发病,取决于感邪轻重和人体正气的强弱。其证候表现也与四时六气、体质差异有关,如素体阳虚者易受风寒,阴虚者易受风热,痰湿内盛者易受外湿,常内外相因为病。卫外不固,外邪侵犯肺卫,致营卫失调,肺气失宣,从而出现肺系及表卫证候。如气虚感邪,邪在肺卫,则为气虚感冒;阴虚感邪,邪在肺卫,则为阴虚感冒。
中医临床表现分型:1.普通感冒:临床特征表现卫表及鼻咽症状,恶风或恶寒、发热、鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽、喷嚏、头痛、咽痛、肢体痛楚等,病程不超过1周,普通感冒一般不传变。可以夹暑、夹湿、夹燥等兼症。2.时行感冒呈流行性,在同一地区、同一时期发患者数剧增,症状类似,病情较普通感冒为重,突然起病,恶寒、发热(常高热)、周身酸痛、疲乏无力,时行感冒可传变入里,变生它病。
中医的辨证分型:1.风寒感冒证:证候恶寒重、发热轻、无汗,头项疼痛、肢节酸痛,鼻塞、声重、喷嚏、流涕、咳嗽,口不渴或渴喜热饮,苔薄白,脉浮紧。治则辛温解表,宣肺散寒。2.风热感冒证:证候恶寒轻,或微恶风、发热较著,头胀痛、面赤,咽喉乳蛾红肿疼痛、鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕稠涕,咳嗽痰稠,口干欲饮,舌边尖红、苔薄黄、脉浮数。治则辛凉解表,宣肺清热。3.暑湿感冒证:证候发热、微恶风、汗少、汗出热不退,暑湿伤表,鼻塞流浊涕,头昏重胀痛,胸闷脘痞、泛恶,心烦口渴,小便短赤,口渴黏腻、渴不多饮,苔薄黄腻,脉濡数。治则解表清暑,芳香化湿。4.时行感冒:证候高热不退,神昏谵语,手足抽搐或颈项强直,舌质红绛,脉弦数。治则清心开窍,凉血熄风。5.气虚感冒:证候恶寒发热,无汗,或热势不高,鼻塞流涕,头痛、周身酸楚,咳嗽痰白,咳痰无力,平素神疲体倦,乏力,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉浮无力。治则益气解表,调和营卫。6.阴虚感冒:证候发热,手足心热,微恶风寒,无汗或有汗,或盗汗,头昏心烦,口干,干咳少痰,鼻塞流涕,舌红少苔,脉细数。治则滋阴解表。7.阳虚感冒:证候阵阵恶寒,甚至蜷缩寒战,或稍兼发热,无汗或自汗,汗出则恶寒更甚,头痛,骨节酸冷疼痛,面色晃白,语言低微,四肢不温,舌质淡胖,苔白,脉沉细无力。治则助阳解表。8.血虚感冒:证候头痛、身热微寒,无汗或汗少,面色不华,唇淡,指甲苍白,心悸头晕,舌淡,苔白,脉细或浮而无力。治则养血解表。
发明内容
本方剂遵循古训,博采众方,经过大量的临床实践和理论的反复验证,以扶正祛邪、异病同治为理论基础,以安全无毒、疗效显著、便于服用为指导原则,不断地精益求精组合成此方剂。
本发明为实现上述目的而采取的技术方案为:
一种治疗感冒的中成药,以下述重量份数的药物为原料药:升麻20-60g、葛根15-75g、白芷20-60g、川芎15-45g、陈皮20-60g、香附20-60g、片姜黄10-30g、赤芍20-60g、炙麻黄20-60g、紫苏叶20-60g、党参30-90g、白僵蚕10-30g、蝉蜕10-32g、酒军15-45g、甘草15-45g。
一种治疗感冒的中成药的制备方法为:将以上原料药按比例混合均匀,研磨成120目的细粉,拿出一半的细粉按照常规方法经过水煎后,过滤成滤液,滤液与剩余的细粉搅拌均匀,制成丸剂。
本方主治感冒日久不愈,邪气入里诸证,感冒反复发作,日久不愈,正气渐虚,不能祛邪,而邪气入里,气机不畅,升降失调,肢体倦怠无力,邪气胜则咽痛,鼻塞,耳鸣,耳痒。治则:补益正气,调畅气机,祛邪解毒。方中升麻,升胃中清阳,解毒透邪;葛根开奏理以发汗,升津液以除汗,配以白芷、川芎、陈皮、香附、片姜黄、赤芍,调畅气机、疏经通络;炙麻黄配苏叶,解表驱除外寒而宣肺,党参善补元气,固肌表,既助药势,祛邪解毒,又可预防气随汗脱,白僵蚕,祛风解痉,化痰散结;蝉衣,疏风散热,利咽开音;酒大黄,清上焦血分热毒、扶正祛邪,改善目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡之证;甘草益气和中,调和诸药,如此配伍,补益元气而不留邪,发汗而不伤正,相成相辅。
与现有技术相比,超微破壁粉,水煎后浓缩成丸剂或颗粒,经过大量的临床实践和理论的反复验证,具有其制作成本低廉、药性稳定的强大优势,也极大的提高了患者的依从性,其临床有效率高达98%。
为进一步证实本发明的治疗效果,列举10例病例如下(本人将此方剂称之为扶正感康超微粉):
1、孙某某,女,57岁,多年来,一直反复感冒,偶有流涕,久咳不愈,证候表现:发热,体温最高至38.2℃,手足心热,微恶风寒,盗汗,头昏心烦,口干,干咳少痰,鼻塞流涕,舌红少苔,脉细数,经常自行服用抗生素效果不明显,于2017年10月就诊我院门诊找我,建议服用扶正感康中药21天,感冒症状好转,自诉近几年感冒明显次数减少。
2、王某某,男,34岁,省级三甲医院风湿科明确诊断:强直性脊柱炎,经常反复感冒,咳嗽,长期处于感冒的氛围中,严重影响了工作和生活质量,求医无数,不得解之,痛苦不堪,经人介绍前来我门诊就诊,主要证候表现:阵阵恶寒,甚至蜷缩寒战,自汗,汗出则恶寒更甚,头痛,骨节酸冷疼痛,面色晃白,语言低微,四肢不温,舌质淡胖,苔白,脉沉细无力,建议服用我研制的扶正感康超微粉,早、中、晚各3g一个月,咳嗽等全身不适症状改善,继续巩固治疗一个月,患者自诉去年秋冬季节均未曾感冒。
3、史某某,女,20岁,在当地西医医院风湿骨病可诊断:系统性红斑狼疮,规律服用激素及免疫抑制剂,免疫力较差,时常感冒、咳嗽、鼻塞,严重影响大学学习生活,特来我院就诊,希望用中药调理一下身体,经仔细望闻问切后,总结主要症候如下:头痛、身热微寒,汗少,面色不华,唇淡,指甲苍白,心悸头晕,舌淡,苔白,脉浮而无力,建议服用扶正感康超微粉,早、中、晚各3g一个月,效果显著,症状缓解明显,嘱其继续服用一个月,配合适当锻体身体,每天坚持运动,目前女孩已顺利完成学业,已经很少感冒。
4、刘某某,男,30岁,经三甲医院化验检查后考虑为未分化脊柱关节病,自诉每逢气温变化,均出现感冒症状,自诉感冒后迁延不愈,总有不适,托人找我看看,经过详细问诊,目前主要证候:低热,有汗,汗出则恶寒更甚,头痛,骨节酸冷疼痛,面色晃白,语言低微,四肢不温,舌质淡胖,苔白,脉沉细无力,建议服用扶正感康超微粉,早、中、晚各3g一个月,不适症状减轻,继续服用一个月停药,患者自诉体质变强,近些年很少感冒。
5、邱某,女,52岁,患者绝经期后,自诉体质变弱,受凉后经常出现感冒症状,如:咳嗽、咽痛、鼻塞、流涕,来我门诊就诊,证候表现:平素神疲体倦,乏力,恶寒发热,但热势不高,无汗,鼻塞流涕,头痛、周身酸楚,咳嗽痰白,咳痰无力,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉细无力,建议服用扶正感康超微粉,早、中、晚各3g一个月,感冒症状明显缓解,继续服用一个月,患者自感精力充沛,去年冬天未曾感冒。
6、赵某某,女,64岁,患者退休后,生活作息没有规律,饮食单调,自诉精力大不如上班时,体弱多病,时常感冒,也曾服用过很多补气血类保健品,仍不见好转,经人介绍,前来诊治,证候表现:微恶风、汗少、汗出后,燥热不退,暑湿伤表,鼻塞流浊涕,头昏重胀痛,胸闷脘痞、泛恶,心烦口渴,小便短赤,口渴黏腻、渴不多饮,苔薄黄腻,脉濡数,建议服用扶正感康中药,水煎7付,症状改善,继续巩固2周,嘱其坚持广场晨练,吃早饭养脾健胃,晚上早睡觉以利肝肾,两个月后自诉恢复从前,至今都很少再感冒了。
7、崔某某,女,57岁,患者自诉一个月前感冒后出现反复高热、咽痛、鼻塞,偶有四肢抖动,体温最高至39.6℃,做了很多化验检查都大致正常,包括病原学检查,没有发现特殊细菌或病毒感染,西医输注头孢三代抗生素、地塞米松、利巴韦林等治疗10天,发热高峰降低,症状未曾缓解,截止目前已经服用了市场上很多种感冒类药物,效果不明显,表示自己已经快得焦虑抑郁症了,经朋友介绍前来找我想想办法,证候表现:高热不退,神昏谵语,手足抽搐,舌质红绛,脉弦数。输液5天,建议服用扶正感康中药水煎10付,嘱其发热时背部及四肢刮痧15分钟,以刮红为止,加用羚羊角颗粒辅助退热,10天后来复诊,热退,症状明显改善,继续巩固10天,症状完全消失,并告知其后加用玉屏风散10天增强机体防御外邪的能力,至今未再复发。
8.牛某某,女,49岁。患者自诉绝经期期间,反复感冒,弱不禁风,夏天也不能暴露四肢,每遇风吹,必有感冒症状发生,自行口服很多抗病毒及抗生素药物治疗,效果欠佳,自感越来越频繁感冒,特来我院就诊,主要证候表现:头痛、身热微寒,汗少,面色不华,唇淡,指甲苍白,心悸头晕,舌淡,苔白,脉细。建议服用扶正感康中药15付,症状明显改善,复诊时亦可以穿着短袖及薄裤,甚似开心,嘱其巩固2周,至今未曾复诊。
9.郝某某,女,30岁,患者自诉生完二胎后,体质明显下降,易感冒上火,时常饮水,不解其渴,尤其感冒后心情烦躁,容易发生家庭争吵,非常痛苦,求医问药很多,仍不能彻底治愈,经邻居推荐前来找我试着看看,证候表现:微恶风、发热较著,头胀痛、面赤,咽喉乳蛾红肿疼痛、鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕稠涕,咳嗽痰稠,口干欲饮,舌边尖红、苔薄黄、脉浮数,建议服用扶正感康中药10付,症状明显改善,复诊时已无不适主诉,继续巩固治疗3周,未再前来。
10.冯某某,女,25岁,大学毕业后,在北京和同学合租地下室居住,不到一年的时间,感觉自己感冒后一直反复,一受凉就经常鼻塞、流涕,备受煎熬,.时常轻咳、嗓子疼,喝过很多种抗生素和中成药,症状时好时坏,今由母亲陪同前来诊治,经详细问诊,总结证候表现:恶寒重、发热轻、无汗,头项疼痛、肢节酸痛,鼻塞、声重、喷嚏、流涕、咳嗽,渴喜热饮,苔薄白,脉浮紧。治则辛温解表,宣肺散寒,建议服用扶正感康中药7付,嘱其改变居住环境,回山西发展,由家人照顾饮食,症状明显改善,继续巩固治疗2周,症状消失,至今未再复发。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例一种治疗感冒的方剂,称取下述重量份数的原料药:升麻20g、葛根15g、白芷20g、川芎15g、陈皮20g、香附20g、片姜黄10g、赤芍20g、炙麻黄20g、紫苏叶20g、党参30g、白僵蚕10g、蝉蜕10g、酒军15g、甘草15g。
本发明的制备方法为:由方剂由15味常见的中草药组合而成,可以适用于各类型的感冒,疗效显著,安全可靠,不仅可以改善其引起的不适症状及并发症,还可以改善其它疾病所致的肾功能损害,可以制作成目前中药方剂的所有剂型,而不影响其作用。本发明的方剂可制成任何一种药剂学上所涉及的剂型。
实施例2
本实施例一种治疗感冒的药物,称取下述重量份数的原料药:升麻30g、葛根45g、白芷40g、川芎25g、陈皮40g、香附40g、片姜黄20g、赤芍40g、炙麻黄40g、紫苏叶40g、党参60g、白僵蚕20g、蝉蜕20g、酒军25g、甘草20g。
本实施例药物的具体制备方法及用法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例一种治疗感冒的药物,称取下述重量份数的原料药:升麻60g、葛根75g、白芷60g、川芎45g、陈皮60g、香附60g、片姜黄30g、赤芍60g、炙麻黄60g、紫苏叶60g、党参90g、白僵蚕30g、蝉蜕32g、酒军45g、甘草45g。
本实施例药物的具体制备方法及用法同实施例1。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗感冒的中成药,其特征在于:以下述重量份数的药物为原料药:升麻20-60g、葛根15-75g、白芷20-60g、川芎15-45g、陈皮20-60g、香附20-60g、片姜黄10-30g、赤芍20-60g、炙麻黄20-60g、紫苏叶20-60g、党参30-90g、白僵蚕10-30g、蝉蜕10-32g、酒军15-45g、甘草15-45g。
2.一种治疗感冒的中成药的制备方法,其特征在于:将权利要求1中的原料药按比例混合均匀,研磨成120目的细粉,拿出一半的细粉按照常规方法经过水煎后,过滤成滤液,滤液与剩余的细粉搅拌均匀,制成丸剂。
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CN108465093A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-08-31 | 佛山瑞箭体育器材有限公司 | 一种解热发汗祛除湿寒的中药制剂 |
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CN108465093A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-08-31 | 佛山瑞箭体育器材有限公司 | 一种解热发汗祛除湿寒的中药制剂 |
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