CN110692375A - 一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN110692375A
CN110692375A CN201910976126.5A CN201910976126A CN110692375A CN 110692375 A CN110692375 A CN 110692375A CN 201910976126 A CN201910976126 A CN 201910976126A CN 110692375 A CN110692375 A CN 110692375A
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龚梨
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Qinglong County Sand Town Fruit Garden Base
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Abstract

本发明涉及果树种植技术领域，具体涉及一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法。通过切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，并将其嫁接到百香果果树上，百香果香味浓郁，且包含多种水果香；并在脱落酸4～7份、赤霉素1～3份、乙烯利1～2份、蜂蜜0.6～2份、磷酸二氢钾1～2份、柚子多酚0.2～0.5份、柚皮苷0.1～0.3份、清水95～100份等原料混合制成的调节剂的刺激作用下，让嫁接后的接穗穗在百香果果树上分化成活，长出健壮枝条，使得分化出的柚子枝条从内部具有百香果的特性，从果树内部改良果树品性，并将此枝条作扦插穗，进行生根存活培养，最后定植挂果，使得最后结出的果实香味浓郁，水分含量多。

Description

一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及果树种植技术领域，具体涉及一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法。
背景技术
柚子(学名：Citrus maxima)，又名文旦、香栾、朱栾、内紫等。是芸香科植物柚的成熟果实，产于我国福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西、浙江、四川等南方地区。柚子清香、酸甜、凉润，营养丰富，药用价值很高，是人们喜食的水果之一，也是医学界公认的最具食疗效果的水果。柚子茶和柚子皮也都具实用价值，且可入药。柚子含有糖类、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素P、胡萝卜素、钾、钙、磷、枸橼酸等。柚皮主要成分有柚皮甙、新橙皮甙等，柚核含有脂肪油、黄柏酮、黄柏内酯等。柚子营养丰富，每100克可食部分，含水分84.8克、蛋白质0.7克、脂肪0.6克、碳水化合物12.2克、热量57千卡、粗纤维0.8克、钙41毫克、磷43毫克、铁0.9毫克、胡萝卜素0.12毫克、硫酸素0.07毫克、核黄素0.02毫克、尼克酸0.5毫克、抗坏血酸41毫克。
现有的南方柚子种植过程中，由于气候变化较快，且局部气温较低，造成很多地区种植出的柚子果味全无，味同嚼蜡；同时，由于果树自身品种较差，也容易造成果实水分极少，果肉较少。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，从果树自身寻扎突破口，进而提高成熟柚子的果香味，本发明提供了一种提高柚子香甜味的柚子种植方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，包括以下步骤：
a、制取接穗：切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，控制扦插穗长7～10cm，每条扦插穗上至少包括一个芽苞，去除叶片，将切口处销成45～60度的斜口，将斜口完全浸泡于消毒液中浸泡10～15min，并需要喷壶盛装消毒液喷湿扦插穗芽孢和顶端；
再选用滤纸吸干扦插穗上的消毒液，将斜口插入生根培养基中培养5～10d，制得待嫁接接穗；
b、嫁接：选取挂果后的健壮百香果果树作砧木，将上述待嫁接插穗嫁接到砧木上，并选用调节剂喷施嫁接口，选用薄膜包裹嫁接口后，在百香果果树根部埋放粗肥，每棵果树30～50kg，之后对嫁接后百香果果树进行常规水肥管理；
c、扦插穗培育：待上述嫁接成活的接穗分化出嫩枝，且嫩枝长度25cm以上时，选取分化出的健壮嫩枝作扦插穗，并将其从半木质化处切下，斜口倾斜角度为40～50度，除去切下的扦插穗上多余树叶，仅留下顶尖和顶尖处1～2片叶子，将扦插穗培育生根；
e、定植：上述扦插穗培育生根，且须根数≥3条，主根长度＞10cm，主枝高度≥35cm后，将其定植于温软湿润性气候的沙壤土地区，控制土层深度≥1m，定植成活后，对其进行常规生长管理。
优选的，所述待嫁接接穗嫁接至砧木上时，还需控制待嫁接接穗完全存活，且水分充足。
优选的，所述消毒液为50％的福美双可湿性粉剂的1000倍稀释液，含含有占稀释液总重3～5‰硫酸铝，占稀释液总重4～7‰的辣木纯汁、占稀释液总重1～3％的高锰酸钾。
优秀的，所述调节剂由下述重量份原料混合加工制成：
脱落酸4～7份、赤霉素1～3份、乙烯利1～2份、蜂蜜0.6～2份、磷酸二氢钾1～2份、柚子多酚0.2～0.5份、柚皮苷0.1～0.3份、清水95～100份。
优选的，所述生根培养基质为常规MS培养基与大豆蛋白、多肽、草木灰按100:7:1:2的比例混合加工制成。
优选的，所述粗肥由下述重量份原料制成：
黑色菜园土350～400份、大葱秸秆碎末15～30份、腐熟猪粪20～40份、腐熟牛粪20～40份、腐熟鸡粪20～40份、大豆粉末35～40份、苦蒿干粉25～35份、苦竹叶粉15～20份、磷酸二氢钾5～12份、过磷酸钙5～9份、生石灰35～40份、草木灰15～24份、酵母菌3～5份、枯草芽孢杆菌1～2份。
本发明的有益效果是：
与现有技术相比，本发明首先将健壮的柚子接穗嫁接到百香果果树上，百香果香味浓郁，且包含多种水果香；并在调节剂的刺激作用下，嫁接后的接穗在百香果果树上分化成活，长出健壮枝条，使得分化出的柚子枝条从内部具有百香果的特性，从果树内部改良果树品性，并将此枝条作扦插穗，进行生根存活培养，最后定植挂果，使得最后结出的果实香味浓郁，水分含量多。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进一步作详细的说明，但本发明提供的技术方案不仅包括实施例中展现的内容。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，具体过程如下：
a、制取接穗：切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，控制扦插穗长10cm，每条扦插穗上至少包括一个芽苞，去除叶片，将切口处销成45度的斜口，将斜口完全浸泡于消毒液中浸泡15min，并需要喷壶盛装消毒液喷湿扦插穗芽孢和顶端；
再选用滤纸吸干扦插穗上的消毒液，将斜口插入生根培养基中培养5d，制得待嫁接接穗；所述消毒液为50％的福美双可湿性粉剂的1000倍稀释液，含含有占稀释液总重3‰硫酸铝，占稀释液总重7‰的辣木纯汁、占稀释液总重1％的高锰酸钾；
生根培养基质为常规MS培养基与大豆蛋白、多肽、草木灰按100:7:1:2的比例混合加工制成；
b、嫁接：选取挂果后的健壮百香果果树作砧木，将上述待嫁接插穗嫁接到砧木上，控制待嫁接接穗完全存活，且水分充足、鲜活，选用调节剂喷施嫁接口，选用薄膜包裹嫁接口后，在百香果果树根部埋放粗肥，每棵果树30kg，之后对嫁接后百香果果树进行常规水肥管理；
c、扦插穗培育：待上述嫁接成活的接穗分化出嫩枝，且嫩枝长度25cm以上时，选取分化出的健壮嫩枝作扦插穗，并将其从半木质化处切下，斜口倾斜角度为45度，除去切下的扦插穗上多余树叶，仅留下顶尖和顶尖处1片叶子，将扦插穗培育生根；
e、定植：上述扦插穗培育生根，且须根数3条以上，主根长度超过10cm，主枝高度大于35cm后，将其定植于温软湿润性气候的沙壤土地区，控制土层深度不低于1m，定植成活后，对其进行常规生长管理。
在本实施例中，所述调节剂由下述重量份原料混合加工制成：
脱落酸4份、赤霉素3份、乙烯利1份、蜂蜜2份、磷酸二氢钾1份、柚子多酚0.5份、柚皮苷0.1份、清水100份。
在本实施例中，所述粗肥由下述重量份原料制成：
黑色菜园土350份、大葱秸秆碎末30份、腐熟猪粪20份、腐熟牛粪40份、腐熟鸡粪20份、大豆粉末40份、苦蒿干粉25份、苦竹叶粉20份、磷酸二氢钾5份、过磷酸钙9份、生石灰35份、草木灰24份、酵母菌3份、枯草芽孢杆菌2份。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，具体过程如下：
a、制取接穗：切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，控制扦插穗长7cm，每条扦插穗上至少包括一个芽苞，去除叶片，将切口处销成60度的斜口，将斜口完全浸泡于消毒液中浸泡10min，并需要喷壶盛装消毒液喷湿扦插穗芽孢和顶端；
再选用滤纸吸干扦插穗上的消毒液，将斜口插入生根培养基中培养10d，制得待嫁接接穗；所述消毒液为50％的福美双可湿性粉剂的1000倍稀释液，含含有占稀释液总重5‰硫酸铝，占稀释液总重4‰的辣木纯汁、占稀释液总重3％的高锰酸钾；
生根培养基质为常规MS培养基与大豆蛋白、多肽、草木灰按100:7:1:2的比例混合加工制成；
b、嫁接：选取挂果后的健壮百香果果树作砧木，将上述待嫁接插穗嫁接到砧木上，控制待嫁接接穗完全存活，且水分充足、鲜活，选用调节剂喷施嫁接口，选用薄膜包裹嫁接口后，在百香果果树根部埋放粗肥，每棵果树50kg，之后对嫁接后百香果果树进行常规水肥管理；
c、扦插穗培育：待上述嫁接成活的接穗分化出嫩枝，且嫩枝长度25cm以上时，选取分化出的健壮嫩枝作扦插穗，并将其从半木质化处切下，斜口倾斜角度为40度，除去切下的扦插穗上多余树叶，仅留下顶尖和顶尖处2片叶子，将扦插穗培育生根；
e、定植：上述扦插穗培育生根，且须根数超过3条，主根长度超过10cm，主枝高度45cm左右后，将其定植于温软湿润性气候的沙壤土地区，控制土层深度不低于1m，定植成活后，对其进行常规生长管理。
在本实施例中，所述调节剂由下述重量份原料混合加工制成：
脱落酸7份、赤霉素1份、乙烯利2份、蜂蜜0.6份、磷酸二氢钾2份、柚子多酚0.2份、柚皮苷0.3份、清水95份。
在本实施例中，所述粗肥由下述重量份原料制成：
黑色菜园土400份、大葱秸秆碎末15份、腐熟猪粪40份、腐熟牛粪20份、腐熟鸡粪40份、大豆粉末35份、苦蒿干粉35份、苦竹叶粉15份、磷酸二氢钾12份、过磷酸钙5份、生石灰40份、草木灰15份、酵母菌5份、枯草芽孢杆菌1份。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，具体过程如下：
a、制取接穗：切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，控制扦插穗长8cm，每条扦插穗上至少包括一个芽苞，去除叶片，将切口处销成50度的斜口，将斜口完全浸泡于消毒液中浸泡12min，并需要喷壶盛装消毒液喷湿扦插穗芽孢和顶端；
再选用滤纸吸干扦插穗上的消毒液，将斜口插入生根培养基中培养4d，制得待嫁接接穗；所述消毒液为50％的福美双可湿性粉剂的1000倍稀释液，含含有占稀释液总重4‰硫酸铝，占稀释液总重5‰的辣木纯汁、占稀释液总重2％的高锰酸钾；
生根培养基质为常规MS培养基与大豆蛋白、多肽、草木灰按100:7:1:2的比例混合加工制成；
b、嫁接：选取挂果后的健壮百香果果树作砧木，将上述待嫁接插穗嫁接到砧木上，控制待嫁接接穗完全存活，且水分充足、鲜活，选用调节剂喷施嫁接口，选用薄膜包裹嫁接口后，在百香果果树根部埋放粗肥，每棵果树40kg，之后对嫁接后百香果果树进行常规水肥管理；
c、扦插穗培育：待上述嫁接成活的接穗分化出嫩枝，且嫩枝长度25cm以上时，选取分化出的健壮嫩枝作扦插穗，并将其从半木质化处切下，斜口倾斜角度为45度，除去切下的扦插穗上多余树叶，仅留下顶尖和顶尖处2片叶子，将扦插穗培育生根；
e、定植：上述扦插穗培育生根，且须根数3条，主根长度15cm左右，主枝高度55cm左右后，将其定植于温软湿润性气候的沙壤土地区，控制土层深度不低于1m，定植成活后，对其进行常规生长管理。
在本实施例中，所述调节剂由下述重量份原料混合加工制成：
脱落酸5份、赤霉素2份、乙烯利1份、蜂蜜1份、磷酸二氢钾1份、柚子多酚0.3份、柚皮苷0.2份、清水96份。
在本实施例中，所述粗肥由下述重量份原料制成：
黑色菜园土380份、大葱秸秆碎末20份、腐熟猪粪30份、腐熟牛粪30份、腐熟鸡粪30份、大豆粉末38份、苦蒿干粉31份、苦竹叶粉17份、磷酸二氢钾8份、过磷酸钙7份、生石灰38份、草木灰20份、酵母菌4份、枯草芽孢杆菌1份。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、制取接穗：切取无病害、长势良好的半木质化柚子枝条作扦插穗，控制扦插穗长7～10cm，每条扦插穗上至少包括一个芽苞，去除叶片，将切口处销成45～60度的斜口，将斜口完全浸泡于消毒液中浸泡10～15min，并需要喷壶盛装消毒液喷湿扦插穗芽孢和顶端；
再选用滤纸吸干扦插穗上的消毒液，将斜口插入生根培养基中培养5～10d，制得待嫁接接穗；
b、嫁接：选取挂果后的健壮百香果果树作砧木，将上述待嫁接插穗嫁接到砧木上，并选用调节剂喷施嫁接口，选用薄膜包裹嫁接口后，在百香果果树根部埋放粗肥，每棵果树30～50kg，之后对嫁接后百香果果树进行常规水肥管理；
c、扦插穗培育：待上述嫁接成活的接穗分化出嫩枝，且嫩枝长度25cm以上时，选取分化出的健壮嫩枝作扦插穗，并将其从半木质化处切下，斜口倾斜角度为40～50度，除去切下的扦插穗上多余树叶，仅留下顶尖和顶尖处1～2片叶子，将扦插穗培育生根；
e、定植：上述扦插穗培育生根，且须根数≥3条，主根长度＞10cm，主枝高度≥35cm后，将其定植于温软湿润性气候的沙壤土地区，控制土层深度≥1m，定植成活后，对其进行常规生长管理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，所述待嫁接接穗嫁接至砧木上时，还需控制待嫁接接穗完全存活，且水分充足。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，所述消毒液为50％的福美双可湿性粉剂的1000倍稀释液，含含有占稀释液总重3～5‰硫酸铝，占稀释液总重4～7‰的辣木纯汁、占稀释液总重1～3％的高锰酸钾。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，所述调节剂由下述重量份原料混合加工制成：
脱落酸4～7份、赤霉素1～3份、乙烯利1～2份、蜂蜜0.6～2份、磷酸二氢钾1～2份、柚子多酚0.2～0.5份、柚皮苷0.1～0.3份、清水95～100份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，所述生根培养基质为常规MS培养基与大豆蛋白、多肽、草木灰按100:7:1:2的比例混合加工制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高柚子香甜味的种植方法，其特征在于，所述粗肥由下述重量份原料制成：
黑色菜园土350～400份、大葱秸秆碎末15～30份、腐熟猪粪20～40份、腐熟牛粪20～40份、腐熟鸡粪20～40份、大豆粉末35～40份、苦蒿干粉25～35份、苦竹叶粉15～20份、磷酸二氢钾5～12份、过磷酸钙5～9份、生石灰35～40份、草木灰15～24份、酵母菌3～5份、枯草芽孢杆菌1～2份。
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中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会茶业卷编辑委员会: "《中国农业百科全书 果树卷》", 31 May 1993, 农业出版社 *
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CN117796321A (zh) * 2023-12-29 2024-04-02 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 一种提高茶树组培苗成活率的培养基质

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