CN110688730A - Ventilation quantity calculation method and system of electric vehicle charger - Google Patents
Ventilation quantity calculation method and system of electric vehicle charger Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating the ventilation quantity of an electric vehicle charger, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifier module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line; determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger; calculating ventilation quantity required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heat productivity and the temperature rise range; and determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the system impedance of the charger. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ventilation quantity required by the heat dissipation of the electric vehicle charger can be accurately calculated, so that the type of the fan is correctly selected and the number of the fans is determined in the design work of the charger. The problems that the charger cannot normally conduct ventilation and heat dissipation, stop or capacity reduction work and the like due to the fact that the charger cannot normally conduct ventilation and heat dissipation due to the fact that the selection of fan models is wrong or the number of fans is not properly determined are solved after the charger runs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging, in particular to a ventilation quantity calculation method and system of an electric vehicle charger.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The electric vehicle charger is a terminal device for providing electric energy to an electric vehicle, and the function of the electric vehicle charger is similar to that of an oiling machine in a gas station. According to the output characteristics, the charging machine is divided into a direct current charging machine and an alternating current charging pile. The direct current charger (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "charger") is commonly referred to as "quick charging", and is a power supply device which is fixedly installed outside an electric automobile, is connected with an alternating current power grid and can provide direct current power for a power battery of the off-board electric automobile.
A plurality of rectifier modules are generally installed in the charger for converting ac-dc electric energy. The loss exists in the conversion process of alternating current and direct current, the larger the output power of the rectifier module is, the larger the charging current is, the faster the charging speed is, and the larger the heat generated by components such as an inductance module, a power supply module and the like is. Currently, the efficiency of the mainstream rectifier module is nominally about 95%, and for example, a 60kW charger is used, and the heat loss of the rectifier module is 60 × 0.05 — 3 kW. In summer, the temperature in the charger easily exceeds 50 ℃ due to the influence of the ambient temperature.
The working temperature range of the charger is-20 ℃ to +65 ℃, and the charger is suitable for all-weather environments. When the temperature is lower than-20 ℃ or higher than +65 ℃, the equipment stops running; the capacity reduction work is carried out at the temperature of 50-65 ℃. The rise of the temperature can cause the capacity reduction output of the charger, the service life of internal devices is shortened, and equipment failure and safety accidents can be caused under severe conditions. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal, efficient and safe operation of the charger, the heat generated inside needs to be timely discharged out of the charger.
Unlike the way that the motor inside the electric automobile dissipates heat by blowing air through a fan, the rectification module inside the charger generally adopts a forced air cooling way, namely, a fan is added on the equipment for heat exchange, hot air generated by the rectification module inside the charger and other electrical devices is removed, and fresh cold air is sucked in, so that the purpose of reducing the running temperature of the charger is achieved. Therefore, the method for calculating the ventilation required by heating of the fan in the electric automobile cannot be applied to calculation of the ventilation in the charger due to different heating objects and different ventilation and heat dissipation modes.
The inventor finds that in the prior art, the ventilation quantity required by heat dissipation of the charger is estimated according to experience mostly, and fan model selection and fan quantity determination are performed according to the estimated ventilation quantity, and a system calculation method or a design manual does not exist for guidance. If the selection of the fan type or the quantity of the fans is not properly determined, the problem of unsmooth ventilation is easily caused after the charger is operated, so that the charger cannot work normally.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a ventilation quantity calculation method and a system of an electric vehicle charger, and when the internal heating quantity of the charger is calculated through the nominal power and the working efficiency of a rectifier module, the operation time of the system does not need to be considered; and (3) respectively considering the air quantity required by cooling the charger under the conditions of small system impedance, medium system impedance and large system impedance, and finally obtaining the type of the fan required by the charger.
In some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a ventilation quantity calculation method of an electric vehicle charger comprises the following steps:
determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifier module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line;
determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger;
calculating ventilation quantity required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heat productivity and the temperature rise range;
and determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the system impedance of the charger.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a ventilation calculation system of an electric vehicle charger comprises:
the module is used for determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifying module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line;
the module is used for determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger;
the module is used for calculating ventilation required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heating value and the temperature rise range;
and the module is used for determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the impedance of a charger system.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a terminal device comprising a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, the processor being configured to implement instructions; the computer-readable storage medium is used for storing a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing the ventilation calculation method of the electric vehicle charger.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a computer-readable storage medium stores a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor of a terminal device and executing the ventilation calculation method of the electric vehicle charger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can accurately calculate the ventilation quantity required by the heat dissipation of the electric vehicle charger, so that the model of the fan is correctly selected and the number of the fans is determined in the design work of the charger. The problems that the charger cannot normally conduct ventilation and heat dissipation, stop or capacity reduction work and the like due to the fact that the charger cannot normally conduct ventilation and heat dissipation due to the fact that the selection of fan models is wrong or the number of fans is not properly determined are solved after the charger runs.
The total heat productivity in the charger is obtained according to the nominal power and the working efficiency of the rectifier module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the circuit, the operation or the working time does not need to be considered, and the calculation is more concise and convenient;
when the fan selects the type, the influence of the system impedance of the charger on the ventilation volume is fully considered, and the selected structure is more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a ventilation rate of an electric vehicle charger according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example one
In one or more embodiments, a method for calculating ventilation of an electric vehicle charger is disclosed, which includes the following steps:
(1) calculating the heat generated inside the charger;
the method comprises the following steps that a main heating device in the charger is a rectifying module, and the maximum heating value of loss of a single rectifying module is calculated according to rated output power and working efficiency of the single rectifying module in the charger;
determining the maximum heating value of all the rectifier modules according to the number of the rectifier modules;
and (4) determining the total heat productivity generated inside the charger by considering the heat loss of the control circuit and the line.
Taking a 60kW direct current integrated charger as an example, if the single rated output power of a module is 15kW, the working efficiency is more than 95%, and the maximum calorific value of the loss of the module is as follows:
15*(1-95％)＝0.75kW
the total number of the rectifying modules in the 60kW charger is 4, so that the total heat generated in the equipment is 3kW, and the total heat generation amount is about 3.1kW due to the heat loss of the control circuit and the line.
(2) Determining the allowable temperature rise range in the charger
△T＝T2-T1
Wherein T1 compensates for lost air temperature for the suction device; t2 is the temperature of the air discharged from the apparatus.
According to the working environment temperature requirement of a charger and the performance of a charging module, the working environment requirement is within the working temperature range of the charging module: -25 ℃ to +70 ℃; the stable working temperature range of the pile body is as follows: minus 25 ℃ to plus 60 ℃.
The ambient temperature was set to 40 c, and the allowable temperature rise range △ T in the apparatus was 20 c.
(3) Calculating the air quantity required by the charger
First of all, some known conditions must be known:
1) calorie is equal to the heat required for 1g of water with weight of 0 ℃ to raise the temperature by 1 ℃;
2) a watt of power for 1 second equals 1 joule;
3)1 cal equals 4.2 joules;
4) constant pressure (10mmAq) specific heat (Cp) of air is 0.24(Kcal/Kg ℃);
5) standard state air: humid air with temperature of 20 deg.C, atmospheric pressure of 760mmHg and humidity of 65% is used as standard air, and the weight (also called specific weight) of unit volume of air is 1200g/m3；
6) CMM and CFM are both expressed as the volume of air discharged per minute, the former having a unit of cubic meters per minute, the latter having a unit of cubic feet per minute, and 1CMM being 35.3 CFM.
According to the thermal conversion equation:
H＝Cp*W*△T； (1)
where H is the heat transfer, Cp is the specific heat of the air, △ T is the temperature rising in the apparatus, W is the weight of the flowing air, and W is (CMM/60) D (volume per unit time (per second) multiplied by D air density).
H-Cp (CMM/60) D △ T
Substituting numerical values: h0.24 (CMM/60) 1200g/m3*△T (2)
In addition, the formula is known:
wherein, P is the calorific value of the equipment; t is a time unit: and second.
Combining the formulas (2) and (3):
0.24*(CMM/60)*1200g/m3*△T＝Pt/4.2
wherein Q isCMMThe air quantity required for cooling.
After simplifying the formula:
after CMM-to-CFM conversion, finally, we get:
wherein Q isCFMIn order to cool the required air quantity, P is the total heating quantity generated inside the charger, and Delta T is the temperature rise range allowed inside the charger.
In this embodiment, a known value is substituted, and the air volume required for cooling can be obtained:
(4) estimating the system impedance of the charger, obtaining the air quantity required by cooling and selecting a fan
When air flows, the air flow is obstructed by various parts in the device in the flow path of the air flow, and free circulation of the air is prevented, so that pressure loss is caused. The loss varies with the air volume, and the calculation formula is as follows:
△P＝K*Q*n
wherein:
△ P-pressure drop (Pa);
k-a constant inherent to the device;
n-the index determined by the air flow is related to the density of the parts in the device, the shape of the flow path.
In order to reduce the system impedance as much as possible, the following factors should be considered in the design:
1) the air flow is kept to be free from impedance as much as possible, and the air inlet and the air outlet are kept smooth;
2) the air is guided to vertically pass through the system so as to ensure smooth air flow and improve cooling efficiency;
3) if an air filter is additionally arranged, the increased air flow resistance is considered.
In practice, the system impedance is difficult to obtain, so the fan needs to be selected according to the characteristics of the fan and the operating environment thereof, and a fan with the maximum air volume 1.3-2 times of the required air volume is generally selected.
1) Under the condition of small system impedance, the standard is 1.3 times;
2) when the system impedance is medium, the standard is 1.5 times;
3) when the system impedance is large, the standard is 2 times.
The case where the system impedance is small refers to: the charger is friendly to operating environment, the air inlet and the air outlet are smooth, the internal structure of the charger cannot form obvious impedance to the air inlet and outlet, and the system impedance is considered to be small in the case.
The case of moderate system impedance refers to: the operation environment of the charger is severe, dust, sand or other foreign matters exist in air or the ground, the foreign matters are not prevented from being sucked into the charger by a fan when cold and hot air is exchanged, filter cotton with protection level IP54 needs to be added at an air inlet and an air outlet, certain resistance can be formed on the air inlet and the air outlet due to the filter cotton, the resistance-free air quantity is 75%, and the condition can be considered as medium system resistance.
The case where the system impedance is large means: the charging machine has a very bad operating environment, is windy and rainy, has more dust, sand or other foreign matters in the air or the ground, does not avoid the foreign matters being sucked into the charging machine by a fan when cold and hot air is exchanged, needs to add a precise filter pad with protection grade IP55 at an air inlet and an air outlet, and the existence of the precise filter pad can form larger resistance to the air inlet and outlet, the resistance-free air quantity of the precise filter pad is 50%, and the condition can be regarded as that the system impedance is larger.
The outdoor charger needs to have the protection grade of IP54 or above, and meets the requirements of dust prevention and water spraying. The air inlet and outlet of the charger are required to be provided with filter cotton, and the system impedance is determined to be in a medium condition:
Qm＝272.8CFM*1.5＝409.2CFM
wherein: qm is the amount of air required for cooling when the system impedance is moderate.
The volume of air volume generated by the parallel connection of the fans is twice of the air volume of a single fan under the condition of free space, so that the parallel connection of N fans is adopted for operation. Considering that the internal space of a 60kW charger is limited, a DC axial flow fan with the size of 120 × 38(mm) and TX12038M24-N is selected, and the advantages are as follows: on one hand, the internal space of the equipment is saved, and on the other hand, 4 TX12038M24-N fans are installed in parallel, so that even if a single fan fails, the rest fans can still operate normally, and air exchange in the equipment can be ensured.
The single air volume of the TX12038M24-N fan is 148.6(CFM), and the total air volume of 4 parallel fans can reach 594.4CFM which is more than Qm, so that the requirement is met.
Example two
In one or more embodiments, a ventilation calculation system for an electric vehicle charger is disclosed, comprising:
the module is used for determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifying module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line;
the module is used for determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger;
the module is used for calculating ventilation required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heating value and the temperature rise range;
and the module is used for determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the impedance of a charger system.
EXAMPLE III
In one or more embodiments, a terminal device is disclosed, which includes a server, where the server includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the method for calculating the ventilation of the electric vehicle charger in the first embodiment when executing the program. For brevity, no further description is provided herein.
It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor may be a central processing unit CPU, and the processor may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors DSP, application specific integrated circuits ASIC, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, and so on. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory may include both read-only memory and random access memory, and may provide instructions and data to the processor, and a portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store device type information.
In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software.
The method for calculating the ventilation rate of the electric vehicle charger in the first embodiment may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by combining hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules may be located in ram, flash, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, among other storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and completes the steps of the method in combination with hardware of the processor. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements, i.e., algorithm steps, described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A ventilation quantity calculation method of an electric vehicle charger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifier module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line;
determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger;
calculating ventilation quantity required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heat productivity and the temperature rise range;
and determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the system impedance of the charger.
2. The method for calculating the ventilation quantity of the electric vehicle charger according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the total heating quantity generated inside the charger is specifically as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that a main heating device in the charger is a rectifying module, and the maximum heating value of loss of a single rectifying module is calculated according to rated output power and working efficiency of the single rectifying module in the charger;
determining the maximum heating value of all the rectifier modules according to the number of the rectifier modules;
and (4) determining the total heat productivity generated inside the charger by considering the heat loss of the control circuit and the line.
3. The method for calculating the ventilation rate of the electric vehicle charger according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise range allowed by the inside of the charger is determined, and specifically:
△T＝T2-T1
wherein T1 is the compensated lost air temperature of the inhalation device; t2 is the temperature of the air discharged from the apparatus.
4. The method for calculating the ventilation quantity of the electric vehicle charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that the ventilation quantity required by the charger for heat dissipation is calculated, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Q isCFMThe P is the total heat productivity generated in the charger for cooling the needed wind quantity,and the delta T is the temperature rise range allowed by the inside of the charger.
5. The method for calculating the ventilation quantity of the electric vehicle charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that the type and the number of the fans are determined by considering the system impedance of the charger according to the required ventilation quantity, and specifically are as follows:
under the condition that an air inlet and an air outlet of a charger are smooth, the maximum air quantity of a fan is 1.3 times of ventilation quantity;
under the condition that a protective filtering device is added at an air inlet and an air outlet of a charger, the maximum air quantity of a fan is 1.5-2 times of ventilation quantity;
and determining the type and the number of the fans according to the maximum air quantity of the fans.
6. The utility model provides an electric automobile charger's air volume calcualtion system which characterized in that includes:
the module is used for determining the total heat productivity generated in the charger according to the heat productivity of the rectifying module and the heat loss of the control circuit and the line;
the module is used for determining the temperature rise range allowed by the interior of the charger;
the module is used for calculating ventilation required by heat dissipation of the charger according to the total heating value and the temperature rise range;
and the module is used for determining the type and the number of the fans according to the required ventilation quantity and by considering the impedance of a charger system.
7. A terminal device comprising a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, the processor being configured to implement instructions; the computer-readable storage medium is used for storing a plurality of instructions, and is characterized in that the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing the ventilation calculation method of the electric vehicle charger according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a plurality of instructions are stored, wherein the instructions are adapted to be loaded by a processor of a terminal device and execute the ventilation calculation method of the electric vehicle charger according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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Application publication date: 20200114 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |