CN110683919A - Optimized formula of ecological restoration improvement matrix for acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard - Google Patents
Optimized formula of ecological restoration improvement matrix for acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard Download PDFInfo
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- CN110683919A CN110683919A CN201911109971.9A CN201911109971A CN110683919A CN 110683919 A CN110683919 A CN 110683919A CN 201911109971 A CN201911109971 A CN 201911109971A CN 110683919 A CN110683919 A CN 110683919A
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- coal gangue
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- organic fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention relates to an optimized formula of an improved matrix for ecological restoration of an acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of a mine wasteland. The method solves the problems that the existing coal gangue storage yard has high cost of soil dressing, bad ground conditions, difficult survival of plants and easy failure of common alkali neutralization method and fertilization treatment. The invention comprises the following components, by volume, 10-50% of limestone powder, 5-50% of ground phosphate rock, 5-30% of poultry manure organic fertilizer, 5-30% of livestock manure organic fertilizer, 5-30% of soil, 5-10% of mushroom dregs, 5-10% of grass meal and 1-5% of bryophyte. The composite improved matrix is simple to manufacture, wide in raw material source and good in effect, replaces industrial wastes of excess sludge, fly ash and phosphogypsum with pollution risks in a matrix repairing formula, and has good environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of mine wastelands, in particular to a formula of an ecological restoration improvement matrix material for an acid-weathered coal gangue storage yard, which is used for restoring a soil matrix of the acid-weathered coal gangue storage yard.
Background
The coal gangue is industrial solid waste generated in the coal mining and washing processing processes, has low carbon content, is harder than coal, mainly comprises Al2O3 and SiO2, and has the characteristics of low nutrient, low utilization rate and serious pollution to surrounding water and soil. The accumulated discharge amount of coal gangue in China reaches more than 40 hundred million tons, the annual accumulated amount is continuously increased, and the coal gangue becomes the largest industrial solid waste in China. The coal gangue is often associated with a plurality of sulfide minerals such as pyrite and the like, is very easy to be weathered under the open-air stacking condition, and can continuously release the acidic wastewater of the coal mine, and the weathering process can automatically last for dozens of years or hundreds of years under the natural condition. The formed acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard has serious acid damage, salt damage and heavy metal stress, and the fresh natural vegetation survives. The coal gangue needs a large amount of land to be stacked, and land resources in China are wasted. At present, ecological restoration of a bare acid weathering storage yard is a worldwide problem, and a great challenge is to construct a safe, stable and self-sustainable vegetation ecosystem. The formula of the matrix developed in the early stage of the team is 'a composite improved matrix for ecological restoration of a coal gangue yard' (ZL201210028009.4), and the matrix formula consists of 5-60% of excess sludge, 5-25% of fly ash, 10-20% of phosphogypsum, 20-60% of breeding waste, 5-50% of soil, 0-10% of mushroom dregs and 1-5% of bryophyte by volume percentage. The patent of coal gangue ecological restoration matrix of other people also discloses a coal mine subsidence area ecological restoration method, wherein the materials of a covering soil layer and a surface soil layer both contain fly ash and sludge; the matrix material in the patent that the coal gangue-fly ash-sludge matrix and mycorrhiza technology is used for ecological restoration in a mining area also comprises fly ash and sludge. All or part of the above patent formula is industrial solid waste such as excess sludge, fly ash, phosphogypsum and the like, and pollution components such as heavy metal, persistent organic pollution and the like exist to a certain extent, so that the formula does not meet the requirements of environmental protection, ecology and agriculture. According to the requirements of the latest ' solid waste pollution environment prevention and control law of the people's republic of China ', the solid waste is utilized, so that the environment is not polluted and the human health is not damaged; any unit and individual cannot freely dump, stack, discard and scatter sludge, and the sludge which does not reach the standard is forbidden to be treated and treated to enter cultivated land; the industrial solid waste is freely dumped, stacked, discarded and scattered, or corresponding precautionary measures are not taken, so that the industrial solid waste is scattered, lost and leaked, or other environmental pollutions are caused, and the administrative department of the ecological environment of people governments above the county level undertakes to stop illegal behaviors, correct the illegal behaviors in a limited period and pay fine money; the solid waste is used for complying with ecological environment laws and regulations, meeting the technical standard specification of the environmental protection of the solid waste pollution, and constructing facilities and places for storing and disposing the industrial solid waste, meeting the national environmental protection standard, so that the environmental protection of the industrial solid waste is greatly enhanced. The method improves the environmental requirement of resource utilization of the industrial solid wastes from the aspect of law, and prevents the secondary pollution of the industrial solid wastes to the environment. The early-stage matrix formula relates to more industrial solid wastes, is not in accordance with green mine construction, is not suitable for ecological restoration of the current acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard, and urgently needs to develop a green, environment-friendly and ecological matrix formula for serving the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to find out industrial wastes for replacing residual sludge, fly ash and phosphogypsum with pollution risks in a formula of a restoration matrix and find out a material which is simple and easy to obtain and does not influence the restoration effect and is used for ecological restoration of a coal gangue yard.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the fertilizer consists of limestone powder, ground phosphate rock, chicken manure organic fertilizer, pig manure, soil, mushroom dregs, grass meal and bryophyte; the volume percentage ranges of the components are 10-50 percent of limestone powder, 5-50 percent of ground phosphate rock, 5-30 percent of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 5-30 percent of pig manure organic fertilizer, 5-30 percent of soil, 5-10 percent of mushroom dregs, 5-10 percent of grass meal and 1-5 percent of bryophyte.
Further, the optimal volume percentage of the components is 25% of limestone powder, 10% of ground phosphate rock, 25% of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 20% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 5% of soil, 5% of mushroom dregs, 5% of grass meal and 5% of bryophyte.
Furthermore, the limestone powder is stone powder obtained by crushing limestone or dolomite rock in karst regions such as Guizhou and the like into powder with the granularity of 5mm, the main component of the stone powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and the content of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is more than 50%.
Further, the ground phosphate rock is concentrate ore powder obtained by crushing Vanfu phosphate rock ore into 1mm, the main component of the ground phosphate rock is fluorapatite (chemical formula, Ca10(PO4)6F2), and the total phosphorus content of the ground phosphate rock is more than 30%.
Further, the mushroom dregs are waste materials after the edible mushrooms are cultivated.
Further, the grass powder is fresh grass or dry grass obtained by crushing common weeds or corn and rice straws by 2cm
Further, the soil is local common soil
Has the advantages that:
the invention fully mixes limestone powder, ground phosphate rock, chicken manure organic fertilizer, pig manure organic fertilizer and other breeding excrement as well as common soil, mushroom dregs, grass meal and moss plants to prepare the composite improved matrix for ecological restoration of the coal gangue yard, uses the limestone powder and the ground phosphate rock to replace residual sludge, fly ash and phosphogypsum (industrial waste with pollution risk) under the condition of not influencing the restoration effect, has the functions of acid buffering, providing plant nutrients and microbial activity and introducing pioneer species such as fungi and moss plants, and the like, forms the surface soil for ecological restoration of the coal gangue yard, can partially solve the problem of soil deficiency of the ecological restoration of the coal gangue yard, solves the plant nutrition problem required by the ecological restoration, buffers the harm of acid and heavy metal generated by the coal gangue, controls the release of pollutants in the coal gangue, introduces the fungi and the moss plants simultaneously, promotes the natural ecological evolution process, and the foundation is the plant colonization afterwards.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention in further detail.
Example 1
Taking 25% of limestone powder, 10% of concentrate mineral powder, 25% of farm manure chicken manure organic fertilizer and 20% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 5% of soil, 5% of waste mushroom sticks cultivated by edible mushrooms and 5% of common moss plants around the waste mushroom sticks according to volume ratio, mixing the raw materials, stirring and uniformly mixing.
Wherein, limestone powder: crushing limestone or dolomite rock in karst areas such as Guizhou and the like by stone powder (seven-hole sand) with the size of 5 mm; calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as main component in 50% or more;
the phosphate rock powder is concentrate ore powder obtained by crushing 1mm of Vanfu phosphate rock ore, and the main component of the phosphate rock powder is fluorapatite (chemical formula, Ca10(PO4)6F2), and the total phosphorus content of the phosphate rock powder is more than 30%;
soil: in order to repair the common soil of the coal gangue storage yard mining area;
grass meal: is fresh grass or dry grass which is obtained by crushing common weeds or corn and rice straws by 2 cm;
bryophyte: is a local common fresh bryophyte, and is crushed to be below 5cm for standby;
chicken manure organic fertilizer: the organic fertilizer is a good-sample chicken manure compost organic fertilizer for laying hens of Yangtze Liujiang ecological breeding Limited company of Guizhou;
and (3) preparing a pig manure organic fertilizer: is an aerobic composting organic fertilizer of pig manure, biogas residue and straw of Guizhou natural garden ecological agriculture development corporation.
Example 2: according to the raw material preparation of the embodiment 1, 25% of limestone powder, 30% of ground phosphate rock, 10% of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 10% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 10% of soil, 5% of mushroom dregs, 9% of grass meal and 1% of bryophyte are mixed and stirred uniformly.
Example 3: according to the raw material preparation of the embodiment 1, 30% of limestone powder, 25% of ground phosphate rock, 10% of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 10% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 10% of soil, 5% of mushroom dregs, 5% of grass meal and 5% of bryophyte are mixed and stirred uniformly.
1. In the indoor pot experiment of the composite improved substrate of the invention in the embodiment 1-3, the composite improved substrate can adjust the residual sludge to improve the granularity of the substrate, increase the plant nutrients of the storage yard and adjust the pH value of the storage yard, thereby promoting the growth of plants, controlling the pollution of coal gangue and reducing the using amount of soil.
2. The example 2 is selected to carry out engineering restoration on the waste coal mining area of chestnut wood mountain in Longli county of Qiannan province.
On an acid weathering coal gangue yard of a castanea mollissima mountain waste coal mining area in Longli county of Qianan, selecting a restoring area with the pH value of about 2.0, laying and digging planting pits (holes) according to the density of 1m x 1m, spreading 2cm of composite improved matrix at the bottom and around the planting pits, wherein the volume percentage of each component of the improved matrix is 25% of limestone powder, 10% of phosphate rock powder, 25% of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 20% of pig manure organic fertilizer, 5% of soil, 5% of mushroom residue, 5% of grass meal and 5% of moss plant, transplanting seedlings of stout and vigorous acacia, amorpha fruticosa, a camphortree and masson are transplanted with nutrient soil balls, backfilling the coal gangue, treading, watering and daily maintaining. After the nursery stock planting is completed, the pinus massoniana and the camphor trees can form green nursery stock landscape on the weathered coal gangue storage yard, the 10-15cm ryegrass and bermuda grass on the surface of the storage yard can be matched, the ecological system of the grass, the shrub and arbor can be recovered in a short period, a vegetation cover layer on the surface of the storage yard is formed, rainwater erosion and tailing loss are reduced, the overall stability of the storage yard is increased, the types of large-scale vegetation are increased, and the succession of the ecological system of the storage yard is promoted.
In conclusion, the indoor pot experiment and the field experiment of the composite improved substrate show that the composite improved substrate can adjust and improve the granularity of the substrate, increase the plant nutrients of the storage yard and adjust the pH value of the storage yard for the excess sludge, thereby promoting the growth of plants, controlling the pollution of coal gangue, reducing the using amount of soil, and utilizing solid wastes such as the excess sludge.
The conventional use method of the composite improved matrix is consistent with the formula of the matrix developed in the early stage of the team, namely 'the composite improved matrix for ecological restoration of a coal gangue storage yard' (ZL 201210028009.4):
1. ecological restoration for fresh coal gangue storage yard
Leveling a coal gangue storage yard, compacting the surface layer, covering a composite improved matrix layer of about 2cm, sowing conventional plants or resistant species in a mixed mode, watering and compacting, and performing daily maintenance. The thickness of the covering layer can be adjusted according to the granularity, the sulfur content, the gradient and the like of the coal gangue.
2. Ecological restoration for weathered coal gangue storage yard
Leveling a coal gangue storage yard, covering a composite improved matrix layer of about 2cm, sowing seeds of conventional plants or tolerant plant species in a mixed mode, or digging planting pits (holes) to cover the composite improved matrix layer of about 2cm, transplanting container seedlings, compacting, sprinkling water, and performing daily maintenance. Meanwhile, the thickness of the matrix layer can be adjusted according to the granularity, the sulfur content, the differentiation degree and the like of the coal gangue.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art based on the disclosure and teachings of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and modifications and variations of the present invention are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (8)
1. An optimized formula of an improved substrate for ecological restoration of an acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard is characterized in that: the fertilizer comprises, by volume, 10-50% of limestone powder, 5-50% of ground phosphate rock, 5-30% of poultry manure organic fertilizer, 5-30% of livestock manure organic fertilizer, 5-30% of soil, 5-10% of mushroom dregs, 5-10% of grass meal and 1-5% of bryophyte.
2. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the poultry manure organic fertilizer is a chicken manure organic fertilizer, and the livestock manure organic fertilizer is a pig manure organic fertilizer.
3. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the formula comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 25% of mountain flour, 10% of powdered rock phosphate, 25% of chicken manure organic fertilizer, 20% of pig manure, 5% of soil, 5% of mushroom dregs, 5% of grass powder and 5% of bryophyte.
4. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the limestone powder is prepared by crushing limestone or dolomite rock in karst regions such as Guizhou and the like into stone powder with the granularity of 5mm, wherein the main component of the stone powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and the content of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is more than 50%.
5. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1, wherein the optimized formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the phosphate rock powder is concentrate ore powder obtained by crushing Vanfu phosphate rock ore into 1mm, and the total phosphorus content is more than 30%.
6. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mushroom dregs are waste materials after the edible mushrooms are cultivated.
7. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grass powder is fresh grass or dry grass obtained by crushing common weeds or corn and rice straws by 2 cm.
8. The optimized formula of the improved matrix for the ecological restoration of the acidic weathered coal gangue storage yard according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the moss is a common fresh moss plant which is crushed to be less than 5cm in length and is supplied to other local places.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111295961A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 贵州大学 | In-situ greening method and in-situ greening device for electrolytic manganese slag storage yard |
| CN114181704A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-15 | 湖南凯迪工程科技有限公司 | Preparation method and equipment of slag soil matrix for ecological restoration |
| CN117181799A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Solid waste improvement material combining plant stabilization and soil heavy metal fixation and soil improvement method |
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