CN110683050A - 飞行器 - Google Patents

飞行器 Download PDF

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CN110683050A
CN110683050A CN201910598014.0A CN201910598014A CN110683050A CN 110683050 A CN110683050 A CN 110683050A CN 201910598014 A CN201910598014 A CN 201910598014A CN 110683050 A CN110683050 A CN 110683050A
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aircraft
battery
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propeller
electrically connected
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M·福里
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0033—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being tiltable relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/001—Shrouded propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/16—Blades
    • B64C11/20—Constructional features
    • B64C11/28—Collapsible or foldable blades
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/46—Arrangements of, or constructional features peculiar to, multiple propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
    • B64C3/54—Varying in area
    • B64C3/546—Varying in area by foldable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant using steam, electricity, or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D39/00—Refuelling during flight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/30—Supply or distribution of electrical power
    • B64U50/34—In-flight charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/10—Air crafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/10—All-wing aircraft
    • B64C2039/105—All-wing aircraft of blended wing body type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/10—All-wing aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/0088—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot characterized by the autonomous decision making process, e.g. artificial intelligence, predefined behaviours
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明提供一种飞行器(10)，该飞行器具有以下特征：所述飞行器(10)包括巡航螺旋桨(11)、升降螺旋桨(12)、能量电池(13)、以及功率电池(14)；所述能量电池(13)与所述巡航螺旋桨(11)电连接；所述功率电池(14)与所述升降螺旋桨(12)电连接。

Description

飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器、尤其一种完全电动的、可垂直地起飞和降落(verticaltake-off and landing，VTOL)的飞行器。
背景技术
VTOL在航空航天技术中跨语言地指如下任何类型的飞机、无人机或火箭，其能够基本垂直地且无需起飞和降落跑道的情况下升起和再次着陆。这个通称术语在下文中被广义地使用，其不仅包括带有机翼的固定翼飞机，而且同样包括旋翼飞机(如直升旋翼机、自转旋翼机、螺旋桨旋翼机)和混合式飞机(如复合式直升旋翼机或组合式旋翼机)以及可垂直升降的飞机。此外，还包括能够在特别短的距离内起飞和降落(short take-off andlanding，STOL)、在短的距离内起飞但垂直地降落(short take-off and verticallanding，STOVL)、或垂直地起飞但水平地降落(vertical take-off and horizontallanding，VTHL)的飞行器。
CN 106981914 A公开了一种基于两个电池的由载具支持的能量控制方法和系统。在此，该载具根据载具状态在常规模式、恢复模式、备用电池充电模式或隔离模式之间变换，其中在常规模式中，由第一电池为载具负载供应电流；在恢复模式中，同时地由电流发生器为载具负载、第一电池和第二电池充电；在备用电池充电模式中，由功率发生器为第二电池充电；以及在隔离模式中，由第一电池为载具负载以及由第二电池为启动发动机输送功率。与各种工作条件下的不同功率要求相对应地，因此应在整个运行循环中对电池有效地充电和放电。
EP 2592686 B1描述了一种用于控制联接在电网上的蓄电池的运行的控制系统，该控制系统具有多个布置在电网上的蓄电池和一个控制设备，该控制设备基于电池电量和能量输送借助于需求预测来确定各个蓄电池的独立的充电速率和放电速率。
DE 4118594 C1针对电动载具提出了一种作为大型蓄能器的高功率电池与相同电压的较小电池的组合，该高功率电池具有相对高的比能量含量，例如镍/镉电池、或钠/硫电池、或锌/溴电池，该较小电池具有较小的比能量含量、但相对于其重量相对高的功率以及显著更小的性价比，例如铅凝胶体电池或高铅酸电池。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种根据优选技术方案的飞行器，尤其一种全电动的、按上述意义可垂直起降的飞行器。
本解决方案的特别的优点在于，本发明所述飞行器的电池系统具有小的结构空间和重量。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在可选技术方案中给出。因此，例如该飞行器可以设计有被折弯的或者甚至选择性地能够折弯的机翼。对应的变体增大了水平飞行中有效的机翼面积，而不扩展飞行器的占地面积。
此外，该飞行器能够具有可快速充电的电池系统，该电池系统提供用于垂直起降以及水平飞行的驱动能量并且可以实现能够对飞行器进行短暂的充电。
在此，为了驱动飞行器，可以使用不同尺寸的多个涵道风扇式螺旋桨(ductedfans)来代替自由旋翼，例如这些涵道风扇式螺旋桨在航空技术以外如从气垫船或风扇船(Sumpfbooten)中已知。在这种实施方式中，包围螺旋桨的柱形壳体由于叶片尖端处的湍流而能够明显减小推进损失。适合的涵道风扇式螺旋桨能够水平地或竖直地定向、在这两种位置之间可枢转地实施、或者出于空气动力学原因在水平飞行中由片(louvers)遮盖。此外可设想借助固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨产生纯水平的推进。
最后，除了飞行器的优选完全自主的运行之外，在资格足够的情况下也考虑允许人类飞行员手动控制，这使得根据本发明的设备在操纵中被赋予最大可能的灵活性。
附图说明
附图中展示了本发明的一个实施例且将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
附图展示了飞行器的高度简化的框图。
具体实施方式
唯一的附图示意性地展示了本发明所述飞行器10的优选设计方案的结构上的特征，其混合式电池系统13，14，15以可看到的方式被划分为多个适应不同飞行阶段的子电池。在此，被设计到最大可能的能量密度的能量电池13用于驱动巡航螺旋桨，而考虑到短期功率输出而经过优化并且在需要时由并联连接的备用电池15支持的功率电池14为尤其用于起飞和降落的升降螺旋桨12供电。
尺寸设计适合的直流电压转换器16将本设计方案中所述的能量电池13与功率电池14和备用电池15相连，使得后者可以在巡航飞行中由能量电池13进行补充充电。同时，应当理解的是，如果在飞行期间看起来不需要对备用电池15进行补充充电，那么也可以在替代性实施方式中省去设有附图标记17的电连接。

Claims (10)

1.一种飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)包括巡航螺旋桨(11)、升降螺旋桨(12)、能量电池(13)、以及功率电池(14)，
-所述能量电池(13)所述巡航螺旋桨(11)电连接，并且
-所述功率电池(14)与所述升降螺旋桨(12)电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)另外还包括备用电池(15)，并且
-所述备用电池(15)也与所述升降螺旋桨(12)电连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)另外还包括直流电压转换器(16)，并且
-所述直流电压转换器(16)将所述能量电池(13)至少与所述功率电池(14)电连接。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)具有全电动的驱动器。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)包括折弯的或能够折弯的机翼。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)包括能够快速充电的电池系统(13，14，15)。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)包括用于起飞和降落的水平地固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨。
8.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述该飞行器(10)具有多个片，并且
-水平的所述涵道风扇式螺旋桨能够借助这些片选择性地被覆盖。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)包括用于产生推进的竖直固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述飞行器(10)能够选择性地全自主地控制。
CN201910598014.0A 2018-07-04 2019-07-04 飞行器 Pending CN110683050A (zh)

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