CN110683043A - 飞行器 - Google Patents

飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110683043A
CN110683043A CN201910593193.9A CN201910593193A CN110683043A CN 110683043 A CN110683043 A CN 110683043A CN 201910593193 A CN201910593193 A CN 201910593193A CN 110683043 A CN110683043 A CN 110683043A
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China
Prior art keywords
aircraft
following features
propeller
electrical components
cooling
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Pending
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CN201910593193.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
T·沃贝克
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication of CN110683043A publication Critical patent/CN110683043A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/006—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being used to cool structural parts of the aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/08—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of power plant cooling systems
    • B64D33/10—Radiator arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0614—Environmental Control Systems with subsystems for cooling avionics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种飞行器(10)，该飞行器具有以下特征：该飞行器(10)包括电部件(12，13)和具有冷却盘管(14)的螺旋桨涵道；并且该飞行器(10)被布置成用于将热量从所述电部件(11，12)导出至该冷却盘管。

Description

飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器、尤其一种全电动的、可垂直地起飞和降落(verticaltake-off and landing，VTOL)的飞行器。
背景技术
VTOL在航空航天技术中跨语言地指如下任何类型的飞机、无人机或火箭， 其能够基本垂直地且无需起飞和降落跑道的情况下升起和再次着陆。这个通称术 语在下文中被广义地使用，其不仅包括带有机翼的固定翼飞机，而且同样包括旋 翼飞机(如直升旋翼机、自转旋翼机、螺旋桨旋翼机)和混合式飞机(如复合式 直升旋翼机或组合式旋翼机)以及可垂直升降的飞机。此外，还包括能够在特别 短的距离内起飞和降落(short take-off andlanding，STOL)、在短的距离内起飞 但垂直地降落(short take-off and verticallanding，STOVL)、或垂直地起飞但水 平地降落(vertical take-off and horizontallanding，VTHL)的飞行器。
US 20160273448 A1公开了一种涵道螺旋桨涡轮推进装置。该推进装置包括 具有空气-油冷却器的油回路。为了提高冷却器的容量，该冷却器配备有用于注入 水的装置。水的热容量增强冷却，而水的抽出提高涡轮推进装置的推力。
CN 206939095 U似乎公开了一种类似的装置。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种根据优选技术方案的飞行器，尤其一种全电动的、按上述 意义可垂直起降的飞行器。
这种解决方案的一个优点是在没有空气动力损失的情况下实现高效冷却的 广泛的可能性。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在可选技术方案中给出。因此，例如该飞行器 可以设计有被折弯的或者甚至选择性地能够折弯的机翼。对应的变体增大了水平 飞行中有效的机翼面积，而不扩展飞行器的占地面积。
此外，该飞行器能够具有可快速充电的电池系统，该电池系统提供用于垂直 起降以及水平飞行的驱动能量并且可以实现能够对飞行器进行短暂的充电。
在此，为了驱动飞行器，可以使用不同尺寸的多个涵道螺旋桨(ducted fans) 来代替自由旋翼，例如这些涵道螺旋桨在航空技术以外如从气垫船或风扇船 (Sumpfbooten)中已知。在这种实施方式中，包围螺旋桨的柱形壳体由于叶片尖 端处的湍流而能够明显减小推进损失。适合的涵道螺旋桨能够水平地或竖直地定 向、在这两种位置之间可枢转地实施、或者出于空气动力学原因在水平飞行中由 片(louvers)遮盖。此外可设想借助固定的涵道螺旋桨产生纯水平的推进。
最后，除了飞行器的优选完全自主的运行之外，在资格足够的情况下也考虑 允许人类飞行员手动控制，这使得根据本发明的设备在操纵中被赋予最大可能的 灵活性。
附图说明
附图中展示了本发明的一个实施例且将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
图1示出了根据本发明的飞行器的部分横截面。
具体实施方式
唯一的图示出能够垂直起飞和降落的飞行器10的结构性特征，该飞行器设 计有与机翼15集成的涵道螺旋桨14。在垂直飞行期间存在最高的功率需求和由 此最大的冷却需求；然而在这个飞行阶段，可以借助在该飞行器10的外蒙皮上 的对流来达到最低的冷却效率，因为在周围空气与飞行器10之间的相对速度小。 因此，根据本发明，通过将冷却结构安置在涵道结构中来在起飞和降落时激活的 涵道螺旋桨14的区域中利用高的风速。在此，通过将冷却结构层压到复合纤维 中表面可以很大程度上平整地实施——并且因此在空气动力学上最佳地——或 者实施有冷却鳍片以使冷却效率最大化。传热液体流经该冷却结构，该传热液体 吸收经液体冷却的部件如HV电池13、转换器12和可能的电动马达的热量并且 经由涵道冷却器再次散出所述热量。
在水平飞行中，液体不是经过该螺旋桨涵道14、而是大面积地经过该飞行器 10的机身11或者机翼15被引导。由此可以使得热量传导区域最大化，并且在水 平飞行中产生的废热被释放到环境中。为此所使用的冷却结构同样可以进行层压 或者以与填充材料或者其他的界面材料热接触的方式连接到机身11或机翼15的 内蒙皮。在过渡到垂直的着陆飞行的过程中再次切换到涵道冷却。
由此可以实现在没有显著增加空气阻力的情况下符合需求的冷却。

Claims (10)

1.一种飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括电部件(12，13)和具有冷却盘管(14)的螺旋桨涵道，并且
-该飞行器(10)被设置成用于将热量从所述电部件(11，12)导出至所述冷却盘管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括机身(11)和机翼(15)，
-所述电部件(12，13)被安排在该机身(11)中，并且
-该螺旋桨涵道(14)被安排在该机翼(15)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-所述电部件(12，13)包括逆变器(12)和电池(13)。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有全电动的驱动器。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括折弯的或能够折弯的机翼(15)。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括能够快速充电的电池系统。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于起飞和降落的水平地固定的涵道螺旋桨。
8.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有多个片，并且
-水平的所述涵道螺旋桨能够借助所述片选择性地被覆盖。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于产生推进的竖直固定的涵道螺旋桨。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)是能够选择性地全自主地控制的。
CN201910593193.9A 2018-07-04 2019-07-03 飞行器 Pending CN110683043A (zh)

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DE102018116144.1A DE102018116144B4 (de) 2018-07-04 2018-07-04 Luftfahrzeug
DE102018116144.1 2018-07-04

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CN110683043A true CN110683043A (zh) 2020-01-14

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US (1) US20200010210A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110683043A (zh)
DE (1) DE102018116144B4 (zh)
FR (1) FR3083519B1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11993361B2 (en) 2020-05-19 2024-05-28 Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, a subsidiary of The Boeing Company Upper surface louvers for lift fans
DE102020121032A1 (de) 2020-08-10 2022-02-10 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Luftfahrzeug und dessen Herstellung
DE102020127029B3 (de) 2020-10-14 2021-09-30 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Mantelpropeller eines Luftfahrzeugs und Luftfahrzeug
DE102020127041B3 (de) 2020-10-14 2021-09-16 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Mantelpropeller eines Luftfahrzeugs und Luftfahrzeug
DE102020127034A1 (de) 2020-10-14 2022-04-14 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Mantelpropeller eines Luftfahrzeugs, Luftfahrzeug und Bauteil desselben
DE102020133449B3 (de) 2020-12-15 2021-12-30 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Mantelpropeller eines Luftfahrzeugs, Luftfahrzeug und Bauteil desselben
DE102020216090A1 (de) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 MTU Aero Engines AG Kühlsystem für ein Fluggerät, Fluggerät mit einem Kühlsystem und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines elektrischen Antriebssystems eines Fluggeräts

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DE102018116144B4 (de) 2022-08-11
FR3083519A1 (fr) 2020-01-10
US20200010210A1 (en) 2020-01-09
FR3083519B1 (fr) 2022-07-15
DE102018116144A1 (de) 2020-01-09

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Application publication date: 20200114