CN110683044A - 飞行器 - Google Patents

飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110683044A
CN110683044A CN201910597962.2A CN201910597962A CN110683044A CN 110683044 A CN110683044 A CN 110683044A CN 201910597962 A CN201910597962 A CN 201910597962A CN 110683044 A CN110683044 A CN 110683044A
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aircraft
following features
propeller
landing
control device
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S·本德尔
M·福里
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B64C27/30—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft with provision for reducing drag of inoperative rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/52—Tilting of rotor bodily relative to fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/16—Blades
    • B64C11/20—Constructional features
    • B64C11/28—Collapsible or foldable blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/001—Shrouded propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B64C27/28—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft with forward-propulsion propellers pivotable to act as lifting rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0033—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being tiltable relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/10—Shape of wings
    • B64C3/16—Frontal aspect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
    • B64C3/56—Folding or collapsing to reduce overall dimensions of aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/20—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/10—Wings
    • B64U30/12—Variable or detachable wings, e.g. wings with adjustable sweep
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/13—Propulsion using external fans or propellers
    • B64U50/14—Propulsion using external fans or propellers ducted or shrouded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U70/00—Launching, take-off or landing arrangements
    • B64U70/60—Take-off or landing of UAVs from a runway using their own power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
    • B64U2101/60—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for transporting passengers; for transporting goods other than weapons
    • B64U2101/61—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for transporting passengers; for transporting goods other than weapons for transporting passengers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • B64U30/29—Constructional aspects of rotors or rotor supports; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/295—Rotors arranged in the wings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50—On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种飞行器(10)，该飞行器具有以下特征：该飞行器(10)包括机身和螺旋桨(11)；并且该螺旋桨(11)能够折拢在该机身下方。

Description

飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器、尤其一种完全电动的、可竖直地起飞和降落(verticaltake-off and landing，VTOL)的飞行器。
背景技术
VTOL在航空航天技术中跨语言地指如下任何类型的飞机、无人机或火箭，其能够基本竖直地且无需起飞和降落跑道的情况下升起和再次着陆。这个通称术语在下文中被广义地使用，其不仅包括带有机翼的固定翼飞机，而且同样包括旋翼飞机(如直升旋翼机、自转旋翼机、螺旋桨旋翼机)和混合式飞机(如复合式直升旋翼机或组合式旋翼机)以及可竖直升降的飞机。此外，还包括能够在特别短的距离内起飞和降落(short take-off andlanding，STOL)、在短的距离内起飞但竖直地降落(short take-off and verticallanding，STOVL)、或竖直地起飞但水平地降落(vertical take-off and horizontallanding，VTHL)的飞行器。
WO 2016200502 A2公开了一种已知的飞行器，该飞行器针对竖直起飞和降落在使用相同的推进器的情况下适合于起飞和降落以及向前飞行，并且具有可拆卸的机翼区段(这些机翼区段允许带有不同机翼区段类型的新配置)，由此使配置适配于特定的飞行轨迹成为可能。
在DE 102012104783 A1中提出一种飞行器，其包括固定的机翼，该机翼可以实现空气动力学上的水平飞行。此外，设置有至少四个藉由可调的电动马达驱动的旋翼，这些旋翼借助枢转机制在竖直起飞位置与平行飞行位置之间是能够枢转的。在此，所有的电动马达和旋翼被布置在固定的机翼处。
发明内容
本发明提供一种根据优选技术方案的飞行器，尤其完全电动的、如上所述可竖直起飞和降落的飞行器。
这个解决方案的优点在于：只有当实际需要螺旋桨构件时，它们才处于风中。另一个优点可以在螺旋桨被折拢的情况下在该飞行器的小的支承面中看出。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在可选技术方案中给出。因此，例如该飞行器可以设计有被折弯的或者甚至选择性地能够折弯的机翼。对应的变体增大了水平飞行中有效的机翼面积，而不扩展飞行器的占地面积。
此外，该飞行器能够具有可快速充电的电池系统，该电池系统提供用于竖直起飞和降落以及水平飞行的驱动能量并且可以实现能够对飞行器进行短暂的充电。
在此，为了驱动飞行器，可以使用不同尺寸的多个涵道式螺旋桨(ducted fans)来代替自由旋翼，例如这些涵道式螺旋桨在航空技术以外如从气垫船或风扇船(Sumpfbooten)中已知。在这种实施方式中，包围螺旋桨的柱形壳体由于叶片尖端处的湍流而能够明显减小推进损失。适合的涵道式螺旋桨能够水平地或竖直地定向、在这两种位置之间可枢转地实施、或者出于空气动力学原因在水平飞行中由片(louvers)遮盖。此外可设想借助固定的涵道式螺旋桨产生纯水平的推进。
最后，除了飞行器的优选完全自主的运行之外，在资格足够的情况下也考虑允许人类飞行员手动控制，这使得根据本发明的设备在操纵中被赋予最大可能的灵活性。
附图说明
附图中展示了本发明的一个实施例且将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
该图示出飞行器的透视图。
具体实施方式
该唯一的图示出根据本发明的飞行器10的优选设计方案的结构上的特征。作为对本发明必要的特征，飞行器10在其鼻形部处具有两侧的螺旋桨11，这些螺旋桨尤其针对起飞和降落侧向地向外翻转，反之可以在停机位和航线飞行运行时节省空间地折拢在飞行器10的头部下方。
不言而喻，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，能够将所描述的思想，尽管该图可以看出螺旋桨11的旋转轴线大体上平行于飞行器10的偏航轴线Z，传递至不同的螺旋桨布置。

Claims (10)

1.一种飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括机身和螺旋桨(11)，并且
-该螺旋桨(11)能够折拢在该机身下方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该螺旋桨(11)具有平行于该飞行器(10)的偏航轴线的旋转轴线。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该螺旋桨(11)布置在该飞行器(10)的鼻形部处。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有全电动的驱动器。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括被折弯的或者能够折弯的机翼。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括能够快速充电的电池系统。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于起飞和降落的水平地固定的涵道式螺旋桨。
8.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有多个片，并且
-水平的所述涵道式螺旋桨能够借助这些片选择性地被覆盖。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于产生推进的竖直固定的涵道式螺旋桨。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)能够选择性地全自主地控制。
CN201910597962.2A 2018-07-04 2019-07-04 飞行器 Pending CN110683044A (zh)

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DE102018116147.6 2018-07-04
DE102018116147.6A DE102018116147A1 (de) 2018-07-04 2018-07-04 Luftfahrzeug

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US (1) US11358714B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN110683044A (zh)
DE (1) DE102018116147A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR3083520B1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2576251B (zh)
RU (1) RU2724006C1 (zh)

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DE102020127034B4 (de) 2020-10-14 2024-08-14 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Mantelpropeller eines Luftfahrzeugs, Mantel desselben und Luftfahrzeug
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