CN110671544B - 一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道 - Google Patents

一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道 Download PDF

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CN110671544B
CN110671544B CN201911006804.1A CN201911006804A CN110671544B CN 110671544 B CN110671544 B CN 110671544B CN 201911006804 A CN201911006804 A CN 201911006804A CN 110671544 B CN110671544 B CN 110671544B
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陈德东
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Chengdu Solver Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火绝热板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火绝热板之间均通过耐火粘接剂粘接。具有耐火隔热的效果，且重量轻，施工性能好。

Description

一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道
技术领域
本发明属于建筑耐火材料领域，具体涉及一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道。
背景技术
根据国家标准《GB51251-2017建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》，为了防止火焰烧坏防排烟风管而蔓延到其它防火分区，要求防排烟管道的耐火极限不小于1.0小时。现在的风管标准《GB/T 17428-2009 通风管道耐火试验方法》强调耐火与绝热必须结合在一起，只有耐火是不行的，还必须绝热。
现有的建筑防排烟风管一般采用白铁皮或镀锌铁板钣金加工制得，在金属风管外表面包裹硬质的防火板，金属风管与防火板之间再设置一层软质的隔热保温层来起到防火隔热的作用，存在体积重量大、施工困难，人力、财力资源浪费的问题。
CN202209033U公开了一种排风管道，由四块L型耐火板组合而成，各耐火板之间用防火粘接剂连接。根据标准《GB/T 17428-2009 通风管道耐火试验方法》，对通风管道的耐火性能从完整性和隔热性两个方面来评价。该专利的排风管道仅由一层刚性的耐火板构成，没有复合高效的隔热材料，虽在火灾发生时能保持其完整性，但当火焰通过管道时，会导致表面温度过高，隔热性能达不到要求。
CN203604909U公开了一种防火复合风管，在金属风管外缘有一层防火粘结剂层，在防火粘结剂层外缘有无机防火材料外壳，在金属风管与无机防火材料外壳之间有固定板。该专利的风管用T型或L型固定板在防火外壳和金属管之间建立起连接桥梁，固定板的个数太多，安装起来非常麻烦；同时，要求防火外壳有较高的强度，而没有绝热材料，导热系数依然较高，无法达到隔热要求。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，能够达到国家标准规定的耐火极限要求，还具有耐火隔热的效果，且重量轻，施工性能好。
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火绝热板之间均通过耐火粘接剂粘接。
本发明所述铝镁质耐火板的密度为180-220Kg/m3，导热系数≤0.045W/（m.k)。选取轻质的铝镁质耐火绝热板，易于施工；选取低导热系数的铝镁质耐火绝热板，使通风管具备耐火功能的同时还具备优越的绝热功能。
本发明所述铝镁质耐火板外表面还涂覆有一层防火涂料。
本发明的通风管道外表面沿管道方向均匀安装有多个卡箍。
现有的耐火板绝热效果差，耐火纤维分散不均匀，不能作为性能良好的耐火绝热材料。本发明所述的铝镁质耐火绝热板，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙1-15份，硅醇1-20份，硫酸铝1-15份，草酸1-3份，聚丙烯酰胺0.5-2份和水200-500份。
本发明配方中的铝酸钙和硫酸铝能反应生成多孔状的蓬松的耐火材料，但必须在水中较大的空间才能形成，否则不能形成有效的耐高温且绝热的材料，且这两种物质还有反应速度慢，会沉淀的问题。配方中聚丙烯酰胺的加入解决了沉淀的问题，它能使前面两种物质在水中稳定分散，不沉淀，在整个体系中形成稳定的细密多孔结构。同时，硅醇的加入能有效的促进细密多孔结构的形成和稳定, 草酸起到调整pH值，促进反应的进行和改善材料均匀性的作用，各成分协同作用，得到均匀、微细、多孔的蓬松材料，具有很好的绝热性能。
优选地，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙10-12份，硅醇10-12份，硫酸铝7-8份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺1份和水380-420份。在该配比下的协同作用最佳。
优选地，所述的硅醇是指甲基硅醇、乙基硅醇和四羟基硅醇中的至少一种。
进一步优选地，所述硅醇是四羟基硅醇和甲基或乙基硅醇，四羟基硅醇与甲基或乙基硅醇的摩尔比例为2-4：1。
甲基硅醇和乙基硅醇反应速度慢，但后期有一定憎水效果，四羟基硅醇反应速度快，均匀性更好，混合使用效果更佳。
优选地，所述的耐火纤维选自氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁中的任意一种或几种的组合。
进一步优选地，所述纤维细度3-15微米，长度0.5-30毫米。纤维细度3-15微，较小的细度有利于降低导热系数。
本发明还提供了该铝镁质耐火绝热板的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
A、把粉体材料按配方比例混合均匀；
B、再将粉体材料和配方比例的水混合均匀，制成浆状材料；
C、把耐火纤维材料均匀分散在浆料中，装入模具；
D、加热干燥后、烘烤定型；
E、冷却，脱模，检测合格后包装入库。
优选地，所述加热干燥是指100℃的温度下保持0.5-2小时，使水分挥发，防止在更高的温度时，水剧烈沸腾，破坏材料结构。
优选地，所述的烘烤定型是指以每小时100℃的速率升温至500℃保温1小时。升温过快会破坏材料的微细结构，造成导热系数的上升，过慢则影响生产效率。每小时100℃的速率下升温材料的导热系数最低，过快或过慢都会影响导热系数。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、在金属矩形管外表面包覆铝镁质耐火板，铝镁质耐火板具有耐火隔热的功能，矩形管与铝镁质耐火板之间通过耐火粘接剂粘结，具有耐1100℃的高温，保证通风管的耐火性能。
2、铝镁质耐火绝热板的密度为180-220Kg/m3，选取轻质的铝镁质耐火绝热板，更易于施工；同时，选取铝镁质耐火绝热板的导热系数≤0.045W/（m.k)，保证通风管的绝热性能。
3、本发明的铝镁质耐火板原料中的各组分具有协同作用，铝酸钙和硫酸铝，能反应生成多孔状的蓬松的耐火材料，但必须在水中较大的空间才能形成，否则不能形成有效的耐高温且绝热的材料，且这两种物质还有反应速度慢，会沉淀的问题。配方中聚丙烯酰胺能促进铝酸钙和硫酸铝在水中稳定分散，不沉淀，在整个体系中形成稳定的细密多孔结构，同时，硅醇的加入能有效的促进细密多孔结构的形成和稳定。各组分共同作用，使材料促进粘接和形成细微小孔，并使小孔分布均匀，提高材料性能，从而得到轻质、导热率低、施工性能好的耐火绝热材料。
4、选择四羟基硅醇和甲基或乙基硅醇的组合，并控制摩尔比例为2-4：1。甲基和乙基硅醇反应速度慢，但后期有一定憎水效果，四羟基硅醇反应速度快，均匀性更好醇和，能更好的促进细密多孔结构的形成和稳定。
5、本发明耐火板的制备工艺先制浆料再混入纤维，原料混合更加均匀；采用模具烘烤成型，不同于常规的压制成型，是考虑到轻质和导热率；以每小时100℃的速率升温至500℃烘烤，该升温速率下导热系数最低。
附图说明
图1为本发明通风管道的剖面结构示意图；
附图标记：1、矩形管；2、铝镁质耐火板；3、耐火粘接剂层；4、防火涂料。
具体实施方式
为了更加清楚、详细地说明本发明的目的技术方案，下面通过相关实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。以下实施例仅为具体说明本发明的实施方法，并不限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火板之间均设置有一层耐火粘接剂层。
实施例2
一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火板之间均设置有一层耐火粘接剂层。
所述铝镁质耐火板的密度为180-220Kg/m3，导热系数≤0.045W/（m.k)。
通风管道的耐火时间≥1.5小时。
实施例3
一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火板之间均设置有一层耐火粘接剂层。
所述铝镁质耐火板的密度为180-220Kg/m3，厚度20-50mm,导热系数≤0.045W/（m.k)。
所述铝镁质耐火板外表面还涂覆有一层防火涂料，进一步提高通风管的防火性能。
本发明的耐火粘接剂是指磷酸盐、石膏、铝酸盐或者硅酸盐粘接剂。
本发明的防火涂料是指磷酸盐、硅酸盐或者石膏。
金属管为白铁皮或钢板。白铁皮或钢板通风管道严格按照标准《JGJ141-2004通风管道技术规程》制作，本身就有较好的支撑强度，不需要另外的强度支撑。
通风管道外表面沿管道方向均匀安装有多个卡箍。保证金属管与耐火板之间的紧密性，不会发生移动，同时提高风管整体强度。
实施例4
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙1份，甲基硅醇1份，硫酸铝1份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺0.5份和水200份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化铝纤维。
密度为218Kg/m3，导热系数为0.045W/m.k。
实施例5
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙15份，四羟基硅醇20份，硫酸铝15份，草酸3份，聚丙烯酰胺2份和水500份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化锆和氧化硅纤维的组合。
所述纤维细度3微米，长度0.5毫米。
密度为206Kg/m3，导热系数为0.041W/m.k。
实施例6
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙8份，四羟基硅醇和甲基硅醇8份，硫酸铝5份，草酸1.2份，聚丙烯酰胺0.8份和水350份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁纤维的组合。
所述纤维细度15微米，长度30毫米。
所述四羟基硅醇和甲基硅醇的摩尔比例为2：1。
密度为185Kg/m3，导热系数为0.022W/m.k。
实施例7
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙10份，四羟基硅醇和乙基硅醇10份，硫酸铝7份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺1份和水380份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁纤维的组合。
所述纤维细度5微米，长度10毫米。
所述四羟基硅醇和乙基硅醇的摩尔比例为4：1。
密度为182Kg/m3，导热系数为0.016W/m.k。
实施例8
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙12份，四羟基硅醇和甲基硅醇12份，硫酸铝8份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺1份和水420份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁纤维的组合。
所述纤维细度10微米，长度15毫米。
所述四羟基硅醇和甲基硅醇的摩尔比例为3：1。
密度为186Kg/m3，导热系数为0.015W/m.k。
实施例9
本发明的铝镁质耐火板按质量计，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙11份，四羟基硅醇和乙基硅醇11份，硫酸铝7.5份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺1份和水400份。
所述的耐火纤维选自氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁纤维中的组合。
所述四羟基硅醇和乙基硅醇的摩尔比例为2.5：1。
所述纤维细度8微米，长度20毫米。
密度为182Kg/m3，导热系数为0.021W/m.k。
实施例10
本发明铝镁质耐火绝热板的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
A、把粉体材料按配方比例混合均匀；
B、再将粉体材料和配方比例的水混合均匀，制成浆状材料；
C、把耐火纤维材料均匀分散在浆料中，装入模具；
D、加热干燥后、烘烤定型；
E、冷却，脱模，检测合格后包装入库。
实施例11
本实施例在实施例10的基础上：
所述烘烤定型是指以每小时100℃的速率升温至500℃保温1小时。
优选地，所述加热干燥是指100℃的温度下保持0.5-2小时，使水分挥发，防止在更高的温度时，水剧烈沸腾，破坏材料结构。
性能实验
本发明采用市面上常规的具有防火功能的铝镁质保温板作为性能实验的对比，并按本发明方法制备通风管道检测耐火时间，检测结果见下表。
性能实验方法：
密度：测量材料几何尺寸，计算出体积V；称量材料重量M。
计算，密度=M/V
耐火度：把材料放入马弗炉中，升温到1100℃，保持2小时，观察外观：无熔融，开裂，明显的体积收缩
耐火时间：GB/T17428-2009通风管道耐火试验方法
导热系数：GB/T10294-2008 绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护热板法
本发明铝镁质耐火板 市售铝镁质保温板
密度 180-220Kg/m<sup>3</sup> 800-1200Kg/m<sup>3</sup>
耐火度 1100℃ 1100℃
导热系数 ≤0.045W/m.k ≥1.0W/m.k
耐火时间 ≥1.5小时 ≥1.5小时
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的具体实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：包括矩形管和铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管为金属管，所述矩形管的四个面均包覆有铝镁质耐火绝热板，所述矩形管与铝镁质耐火绝热板之间、相邻铝镁质耐火绝热板之间均通过耐火粘接剂粘接；
所述的铝镁质耐火绝热板，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙1-15份，硅醇1-20份，硫酸铝1-15份，草酸1-3份，聚丙烯酰胺0.5-2份和水200-500份。
2.根据权利要求1所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述铝镁质耐火板的密度为180-220Kg/m3，导热系数≤0.045W/（m.k)。
3.根据权利要求1所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述的铝镁质耐火绝热板，按质量计，包括以下成分：耐火纤维100份，铝酸钙10-12份，硅醇10-12份，硫酸铝7-8份，草酸1份，聚丙烯酰胺1份和水380-420份。
4.根据权利要求3所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述的硅醇是指甲基硅醇、乙基硅醇和四羟基硅醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述硅醇是四羟基硅醇和甲基或乙基硅醇，四羟基硅醇与甲基或乙基硅醇的摩尔比例为2-4：1。
6.根据权利要求1所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述的耐火纤维选自氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化硅和氧化镁纤维中的任意一种或几种的组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述纤维细度3-15微米，长度0.5-30毫米。
8.根据权利要求1所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述铝镁质耐火绝热板的制备工艺，包括以下步骤：
把粉体材料按配方比例混合均匀；
再将粉体材料和配方比例的水混合均匀，制成浆状材料；
把耐火纤维材料均匀分散在浆料中，装入模具；
加热干燥后、烘烤定型；
冷却，脱模，检测合格后包装入库。
9.根据权利要求8所述铝镁质耐火绝热的通风管道，其特征在于：所述烘烤定型是指以每小时100℃的速率升温至500℃保温。
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