CN110670790A - Special-shaped self-combined hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength - Google Patents
Special-shaped self-combined hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN110670790A CN110670790A CN201910818486.2A CN201910818486A CN110670790A CN 110670790 A CN110670790 A CN 110670790A CN 201910818486 A CN201910818486 A CN 201910818486A CN 110670790 A CN110670790 A CN 110670790A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, in particular to a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which comprises a brick body, wherein the middle part of the upper end surface of the brick body is provided with an upward extending middle bulge, the left side and the right side of the lower end surface of the brick body are symmetrically provided with downward extending side bulges, the widths of the middle bulge and the side bulges are consistent with the width of the brick body, the sum of the lengths of the two side bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, and the height of the middle bulge is consistent with the height of the side bulges; by adopting the special-shaped self-combination hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, the flatness of the wall surface is improved, the stress transmission is uniform, cement mortar is poured in the masonry mortar groove, the whole is quickly formed, the bonding capability is strong, the construction is convenient, the operation is quick, the dependence of the masonry quality on workers is low, the forming efficiency is high, and the wall body is convenient to reinforce.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, in particular to a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength.
Background
In the development process of modern buildings, the traditional brick bearing wall is replaced by cast-in-place reinforced concrete. At present, sintered perforated bricks and hollow bricks are widely used as filling walls and partition walls in buildings. The infilled wall and the partition wall require that the wall is small in overall mass, and the thickness should be as thin as possible, so that the infilled wall and the partition wall are convenient to disassemble and assemble.
Compared with the common sintered bricks, the sintered porous bricks and the hollow bricks can reduce the dead weight of the building by about 30 percent, save 20 to 30 percent of clay and 10 to 20 percent of fuel, improve the wall construction efficiency by 40 percent and improve the heat and sound insulation performance of the bricks. Therefore, the popularization and the use of the sintered hollow bricks and the perforated bricks are the reform for accelerating the wall materials in China and are one of the important measures for promoting the industrial and technical progress of the wall materials. In general, if the thermal performance requirements of the two are the same, the thickness of the wall body built by the sintered hollow bricks is reduced by about half of the brick compared with the wall body built by the solid bricks.
The sintered perforated bricks and hollow bricks widely used in the market at present have the following problems:
(1) when in building, the mortar joints can block the brick holes, thereby increasing the heat transfer coefficient of the bricks, reducing the heat insulation performance and increasing the building energy consumption.
(2) The size of the mortar joint is uncontrollable, 5.3.2 general items in GB50203-2002 'masonry engineering construction quality acceptance standard' have clear requirements on the mortar joint of the masonry, and the thickness of the mortar joint is 8-12 mm. However, in actual construction, the size of the mortar joint is greatly influenced by human factors and is difficult to guarantee.
(3) Because the mortar joint is uncontrollable, the flatness is difficult to control, and the forming efficiency is low. In order to control mortar joints, the effective masonry time of workers is inevitably reduced, so that the wall forming efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the special-shaped self-combination hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which improves the flatness of a wall surface, is uniform in stress transfer, can quickly form a whole by pouring cement mortar in a masonry mortar groove, is strong in bonding capability, convenient to construct, quick to operate, low in dependence of masonry quality on workers, high in forming efficiency and convenient for wall reinforcement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which comprises a brick body, wherein the middle part of the upper end surface of the brick body is provided with an upward extending middle bulge, the left side and the right side of the lower end surface of the brick body are symmetrically provided with downward extending side bulges, the widths of the middle bulge and the side bulges are consistent with the width of the brick body, the sum of the lengths of the two side bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, and the height of the middle bulge is consistent with the height of the side bulges;
the brick comprises a brick body, and is characterized by further comprising a masonry mortar groove and a masonry mortar hole which are used for connecting adjacent brick bodies, wherein the masonry mortar groove comprises a first masonry mortar groove, a second masonry mortar groove and a third masonry mortar groove, the first masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the middle bulge and completely penetrates through the middle bulge, the second masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the side bulge and completely penetrates through the side bulge, the third masonry mortar groove is arranged along the height direction of the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body and completely penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body, the masonry mortar hole is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body and completely penetrates through the brick body, and the axes of the first masonry mortar groove, the second masonry mortar groove, the third masonry mortar groove and the mortar hole are all located on the same plane;
the brick body is gone up along the length direction symmetry of the brick body and is equipped with the through-hole unit, the through-hole unit includes a plurality of through-hole regions, the through-hole region is equipped with a plurality of through-holes, the through-hole runs through perpendicularly the brick body.
The lateral bulges are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the lower end surface of the brick body, and a sunken area with the height and the width consistent with the height and the width of the lateral bulges is formed on the lower end surface of the brick body between the lateral bulges, of course, the sum of the lengths of the lateral bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, so that the length of the sunken area is consistent with the length of the middle bulge, namely the length of the sunken area is also equal to the sum of the lengths of the lateral bulges, and the structural design of the middle bulge, the sunken area and the lateral bulges can be used for positioning the relative positions of bricks, thereby facilitating the arrangement and alignment of the bricks during building, leveling the masonry and ensuring that the staggered joint of the upper brick and the lower brick is accurately kept at 1/2; in addition, the first masonry mortar groove, the second masonry mortar groove, the third masonry mortar groove and the second masonry mortar groove which are arranged between the upper layer hollow brick, the lower layer hollow brick, the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and are arranged in the horizontal direction can be simultaneously ensured to be mutually communicated after masonry is completed, the first masonry mortar groove and the second masonry mortar groove are used for connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick, the third masonry mortar groove is used for connecting the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, the masonry mortar holes are used for simultaneously connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and the horizontally adjacent hollow brick, after cement mortar in the masonry mortar grooves is solidified, the cement mortar can form a complete rigid reticular structure, the compression resistance and the shear resistance of the wall can be effectively improved, the wall can be integrally formed, the blockage of a grouting channel due to the non-standard construction of workers can be avoided, and the later-stage cement mortar can be ensured to be.
The hollow brick that this technical scheme designed, the position of hollow brick has been ensured to protruding and the bellied structural design of lateral part in its middle part, the design of building the mortar groove has changed the mode of building by laying bricks or stones of traditional wall body, novel heterotypic hollow brick is cast with the form of pouring, the operating efficiency is improved, the roughness of wall has been promoted, the atress transmission is even, pour cement mortar in building the mortar groove by laying bricks or stones, form wholly fast, the bonding ability is strong, convenient construction, the operation is rapid, it builds the quality by laying bricks or stones low to workman's dependence, constructor's technical requirement has been reduced, high forming efficiency, make things convenient for the wall body to consolidate.
Preferably, when the two strip surfaces or the top surface parts are provided with the masonry mortar grooves, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves is larger than 15mm and smaller than 25mm, and the two surfaces or the top surfaces of the hollow brick are provided with the masonry mortar grooves, so that the first masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
Preferably, the second masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
Preferably, the masonry mortar groove III is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
Preferably, in order to ensure the communication effect of the masonry mortar hole and the masonry mortar groove I, the cross section width of the masonry mortar hole is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar groove I.
Preferably, in the building state of the hollow bricks in the adjacent relationship of the upper layer and the lower layer, the building mortar holes are vertically aligned with circular holes formed by butting the three building mortar grooves, so that the sizes of the building mortar holes and the three building mortar grooves determine the structure of a longitudinal column of a rigid reticular structure finally formed by cement mortar, in order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid reticular structure, the building mortar holes are strip-shaped holes, the width L1 of each strip-shaped hole is 20mm, and the length L2 of each strip-shaped hole is 26 mm.
Preferably, in order to achieve a better sound insulation effect, the through hole area unit comprises five through hole areas which are arranged side by side along the length direction of the brick body, and the through hole areas comprise five through holes.
As the preferred scheme, the five through holes respectively comprise a through hole I and four through holes II, the four through holes II are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole I along the length direction of the brick body, six rows of holes are formed in the horizontal direction, when sound enters another medium from one medium, the sound attenuation is the strongest, the diffuse reflection can be carried out on the rough surface, and the hollow brick has six rows of holes.
The through-holes have a diameter of 12mm, for a total of fifty through-holes having a diameter of 12 mm.
The length L3 of the brick body is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle part bulge is 120mm, and the length L6 of the side part bulge is 60 mm.
The invention also provides a building method of the special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adopting a concrete cast-in-place ridge platform or a masonry solid brick as the wall bottom of the wall body;
s2, horizontally building a layer of hollow bricks on the wall bottom, and plugging all through holes, building mortar grooves and building mortar holes of the first layer of hollow bricks by cement mortar;
s3, sequentially placing other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks, and stopping placing when the hollow bricks are about 200mm away from the top of the wall;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar groove at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top by using solid bricks according to a normal mode after solidification.
As a preferred scheme, in S3, after the hollow brick is placed, prestressed reinforcements are vertically arranged and tensioned from the foundation to the ring beam in a masonry mortar groove three and a masonry mortar hole, the upper ends of the tensioned prestressed reinforcements are fixed on the ring beam, the tensioned prestressed reinforcements are provided with pre-tightening nuts, the pre-tightening nuts are turned to adjust the tensioned prestressed reinforcements, the wall is subjected to pre-stress, after all the reinforcements are adjusted, a plastic film is adhered to the surface of the hollow brick wall, the hollow brick wall is in a sealed state, a pouring port for pouring concrete and a connecting hole for vacuumizing the interior of the hollow brick are reserved on the plastic film, the pouring port is communicated with the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar groove and is connected with the connecting hole through a vacuum pump to vacuumize the interior of the hollow brick wall, the circulation of mortar can be ensured, and in order to improve the pouring effect of the mortar, the casting is prevented from being uneven, the tensioned prestressed reinforcements are fixed at intervals, namely two adjacent tensioned prestressed reinforcements are fixed and movable one by one, the upper end of the movable reinforcement is provided with a vibration mechanism, the movable reinforcement is vibrated while mortar is poured, the casting uniformity is ensured, and the strength of the whole structure after the mortar is solidified is improved;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the pouring gate at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top of the solidified cement mortar by using solid bricks according to a normal mode.
It should be noted that, regarding the porosity of the brick, the porosity of the fired perforated brick is different from that of the hollow brick, the porosity of the perforated brick is more than 15%, and the porosity of the hollow brick is more than 35%. Characteristically, the perforated brick holes have a small diameter and a large number, and the hollow brick holes have a large diameter and a small number. For the main purpose, perforated bricks are mainly used for load bearing and also for maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are mostly used for maintenance of structures.
The current sintered porous bricks with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm have the pore diameter of 12-22mm, the pores are much smaller, the porosity is more than 15 percent and less than 25 percent, and the brick is mainly used for bearing. The sintered hollow brick with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm has uncertain size and shape of holes, large and few holes, but the porosity is not less than 35 percent and is mainly used for maintenance.
The main function of the mortar joint of the masonry is to bond adjacent bricks and evenly transmit pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, the firmness is improved, and the integrity of the wall is improved. Construction specifications have strict requirements on the size of the mortar joint, the smaller mortar joint can influence the bonding degree between adjacent bricks, and on the contrary, the larger mortar joint can influence the accuracy and the pressure resistance of the wall size due to the dry shrinkage of mortar filling the mortar joint. The hollow brick of this design does not have the gap between the brick body of two liang of contacts when building by laying bricks or stones to the influence of mortar joint to brickwork wholeness and fastness has been avoided. According to the requirements, the diameter of the through hole is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and the mortar groove is free of plastering, so that the hollow brick is free of mortar joints, and adjacent bricks are combined to be flat and compact and can be used as natural decoration of a wall surface.
Calculate the porosity of the individual hollow blocks:
p = hole volume/profile volume of shaped brick
=（240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62）/（240×115×90）×100%
=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%
=34.786%。
It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow block is closer to the porosity of the hollow block (35%), and is therefore defined as a hollow block.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's a low beneficial effect of heat transfer high joint strength's dysmorphism self-assembling hollow brick: the lateral bulges are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the lower end surface of the brick body, and a sunken area with the height and the width consistent with the height and the width of the lateral bulges is formed on the lower end surface of the brick body between the lateral bulges, of course, the sum of the lengths of the lateral bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, so that the length of the sunken area is consistent with the length of the middle bulge, namely the length of the sunken area is also equal to the sum of the lengths of the lateral bulges, and the structural design of the middle bulge, the sunken area and the lateral bulges can be used for positioning the relative positions of bricks, thereby facilitating the arrangement and alignment of the bricks during building, leveling the masonry and ensuring that the staggered joint of the upper brick and the lower brick is accurately kept at 1/2; in addition, the first masonry mortar groove, the second masonry mortar groove, the third masonry mortar groove and the second masonry mortar groove which are arranged between the upper layer hollow brick, the lower layer hollow brick, the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and are arranged in the horizontal direction can be simultaneously ensured to be mutually communicated after masonry is completed, the first masonry mortar groove and the second masonry mortar groove are used for connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick, the third masonry mortar groove is used for connecting the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, the masonry mortar holes are used for simultaneously connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and the horizontally adjacent hollow brick, after cement mortar in the masonry mortar grooves is solidified, the cement mortar can form a complete rigid reticular structure, the compression resistance and the shear resistance of the wall can be effectively improved, the wall can be integrally formed, the blockage of a grouting channel due to the non-standard construction of workers can be avoided, and the later-stage cement mortar can be ensured to be.
The hollow brick that this technical scheme designed, the position of hollow brick has been ensured to protruding and the bellied structural design of lateral part in its middle part, the design of building the mortar groove has changed the mode of building by laying bricks or stones of traditional wall body, novel heterotypic hollow brick is cast with the form of pouring, the operating efficiency is improved, the roughness of wall has been promoted, the atress transmission is even, pour cement mortar in building the mortar groove by laying bricks or stones, form wholly fast, the bonding ability is strong, convenient construction, the operation is rapid, it builds the quality by laying bricks or stones low to workman's dependence, constructor's technical requirement has been reduced, high forming efficiency, make things convenient for the wall body to consolidate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a hollow brick wall according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow brick wall according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the dimensions of masonry mortar holes in the present invention;
fig. 9 is a side view schematic of the present invention.
Wherein: a brick body 1; the middle part is raised 2; the side projections 3; building mortar holes 4; building a mortar groove I5; building a mortar groove II 6; building a mortar groove III 7; a through-hole unit 8; a through hole region 9; a through hole 10; a recessed region 11.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment as follows:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which includes a brick body 1, a middle protrusion 2 extending upward is disposed in the middle of the upper end surface of the brick body 1, lateral protrusions 3 extending downward are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the lower end surface of the brick body 1, the widths of the middle protrusion 2 and the lateral protrusions 3 are both consistent with the width of the brick body 1, the sum of the lengths of the two lateral protrusions 3 is equal to the length of the middle protrusion 2, and the height of the middle protrusion 2 is consistent with the height of the lateral protrusions 3;
the brick comprises a brick body 1 and is characterized by also comprising a masonry mortar groove and a masonry mortar hole 4 which are used for connecting adjacent brick bodies 1, wherein the masonry mortar groove comprises a first masonry mortar groove 5, a second masonry mortar groove 6 and a third masonry mortar groove 7, the first masonry mortar groove 5 is arranged along the length direction of the middle bulge 2 and completely penetrates through the middle bulge 2, the second masonry mortar groove 6 is arranged along the length direction of the side bulge 3 and completely penetrates through the side bulge 3, the third masonry mortar groove 7 is arranged along the height direction of the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body 1, the masonry mortar hole 4 is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates through the brick body 1, and the axes of the first masonry mortar groove 5, the second masonry mortar groove 6, the third masonry mortar groove 7 and the masonry mortar hole 4 are all positioned on the same;
the brick body 1 is provided with through hole units 8 along the length direction of the brick body 1, each through hole unit 8 comprises a plurality of through hole areas 9, each through hole area 9 is provided with a plurality of through holes 10, and each through hole 10 vertically penetrates through the brick body 1.
The lateral protrusions 3 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower end face of the brick body 1, and the lower end face of the brick body 1 between the lateral protrusions 3 is provided with the recessed area 11 with the height and the width consistent with those of the lateral protrusions 3, of course, the sum of the lengths of the lateral protrusions 3 is equal to that of the middle protrusion 2, so that the length of the recessed area 11 is consistent with that of the middle protrusion 2, namely the length of the recessed area 11 is also equal to that of the lateral protrusions 3, and the relative positions of the bricks can be positioned by the structural design of the middle protrusion 2, the recessed area 11 and the lateral protrusions 3, so that the bricks can be conveniently placed and aligned during building, the masonry is flat, and the staggered joint of the upper brick and the lower brick can be accurately maintained at 1/2; in addition, the construction mortar groove I5, the construction mortar groove II 6, the construction mortar groove III 7 and the construction mortar holes 4 between the upper layer hollow brick, the lower layer hollow brick, the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick are mutually communicated after the construction is finished, the construction mortar groove I5 and the construction mortar groove II 6 are used for connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick, the construction mortar groove III 7 is used for connecting the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the construction mortar holes 4 are used for realizing the simultaneous connection of the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and the horizontally adjacent hollow brick, when the cement mortar in the masonry mortar groove is solidified, the cement mortar can form a complete rigid reticular structure, the anti-compression and anti-shearing capacity of the wall body can be effectively improved, the wall body is enabled to form a whole, the grouting channel can be prevented from being blocked due to the non-standardization of worker construction, and therefore the cement mortar in the later period can be smoothly injected into the masonry mortar groove of each brick.
The hollow brick that this technical scheme designed, the position of hollow brick has been ensured to the structural design of its middle part arch 2 and the protruding 3 of lateral part, the design of building the mortar groove has changed the mode of building by laying bricks or stones of traditional wall body, novel heterotypic hollow brick is cast with the form of pouring, the operating efficiency is improved, the roughness of wall has been promoted, the atress transmission is even, pour cement mortar in building the mortar groove by laying bricks or stones, form wholly fast, the bonding ability is strong, convenient construction, the operation is rapid, it builds the quality by laying bricks or stones low to workman's dependence, constructor's technical requirement has been reduced, the shaping is efficient, make things convenient for the wall body to consolidate.
Specifically, the length L3 of the brick body 1 is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle protrusion 2 is 120mm, the length L6 of the side protrusion 3 is 60mm, and the heights L7 of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3 are both 10 mm.
Example 2:
this embodiment is defined by optimization based on embodiment 1 described above.
When two strip surfaces or the top surface part are provided with masonry mortar grooves, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves is larger than 15mm and smaller than 25mm, and the two surfaces or the top surface of the hollow brick are provided with the masonry mortar grooves, so that the masonry mortar groove I5 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20mm, the masonry mortar groove II 6 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove III 7 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
Example 3:
this embodiment is defined by optimization based on embodiment 1 described above.
In order to ensure the communication effect of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove I5, the cross section width of the masonry mortar hole 4 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar groove I5, and in the hollow brick masonry state of the adjacent relation of the upper layer and the lower layer, circular holes formed by butting the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove III 7 are vertically aligned, so that the size of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove III 7 determines the structure of a longitudinal column of a rigid reticular structure finally formed by cement mortar, in order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid reticular structure, the masonry mortar hole 4 is a strip-shaped hole, the width L1 of the strip-shaped hole is 20mm, and the length L2 is 26 mm.
Example 4:
this embodiment is defined by optimization based on embodiment 1 described above.
In order to achieve better sound insulation effect, the through hole area 9 unit comprises five through hole areas 9 which are arranged side by side along the length direction of the brick body 1, each through hole area 9 comprises five through holes 10, each through hole 10 comprises a through hole 10I and four through holes 10 II, the four through holes 10 II are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole 10I along the length direction of the brick body 1, six rows of holes are formed in the horizontal direction, when sound enters another medium, the sound is attenuated most strongly, diffuse reflection is performed on a rough surface, the hollow brick is provided with six rows of holes, compared with a traditional hollow brick with three rows of holes, the sound insulation effect can be achieved to a large extent, in addition, the effects of heat insulation and building quality reduction are achieved, the diameter of each through hole 10 is 12mm, and a total of fifty through holes 10 with the diameter of 12mm are formed.
It should be noted that, regarding the porosity of the brick, the porosity of the fired perforated brick is different from that of the hollow brick, the porosity of the perforated brick is more than 15%, and the porosity of the hollow brick is more than 35%. Characteristically, the perforated brick holes have a small diameter and a large number, and the hollow brick holes have a large diameter and a small number. For the main purpose, perforated bricks are mainly used for load bearing and also for maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are mostly used for maintenance of structures.
The current sintered porous bricks with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm have the pore diameter of 12-22mm, the pores are much smaller, the porosity is more than 15 percent and less than 25 percent, and the brick is mainly used for bearing. The sintered hollow brick with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm has uncertain size and shape of holes, large and few holes, but the porosity is not less than 35 percent and is mainly used for maintenance.
The main function of the mortar joint of the masonry is to bond adjacent bricks and evenly transmit pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, the firmness is improved, and the integrity of the wall is improved. Construction specifications have strict requirements on the size of the mortar joint, the smaller mortar joint can influence the bonding degree between adjacent bricks, and on the contrary, the larger mortar joint can influence the accuracy and the pressure resistance of the wall size due to the dry shrinkage of mortar filling the mortar joint. The hollow brick of this design does not have the gap between the brick body 1 of two liang of contacts when building by laying bricks or stones to the influence of mortar joint to brickwork wholeness and fastness has been avoided. According to the requirements, the diameter of the through hole 10 is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove is free of a plastering groove.
Calculate the porosity of the individual hollow blocks:
p = hole volume/profile volume of shaped brick
=（240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62）/（240×115×90）×100%
=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%
=34.786%。
It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow block is closer to about 35% of the porosity of the hollow block, and is therefore defined as a hollow block.
Example 5:
as shown in fig. 1-9, the invention provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which comprises a brick body 1, wherein a middle protrusion 2 extending upwards is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the brick body 1, side protrusions 3 extending downwards are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower end surface of the brick body 1, the widths of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusions 3 are both consistent with the width of the brick body 1, the sum of the lengths of the two side protrusions 3 is equal to the length of the middle protrusion 2, and the height of the middle protrusion 2 is consistent with the height of the side protrusions 3;
the brick comprises a brick body 1 and is characterized by also comprising a masonry mortar groove and a masonry mortar hole 4 which are used for connecting adjacent brick bodies 1, wherein the masonry mortar groove comprises a first masonry mortar groove 5, a second masonry mortar groove 6 and a third masonry mortar groove 7, the first masonry mortar groove 5 is arranged along the length direction of the middle bulge 2 and completely penetrates through the middle bulge 2, the second masonry mortar groove 6 is arranged along the length direction of the side bulge 3 and completely penetrates through the side bulge 3, the third masonry mortar groove 7 is arranged along the height direction of the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body 1, the masonry mortar hole 4 is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates through the brick body 1, and the axes of the first masonry mortar groove 5, the second masonry mortar groove 6, the third masonry mortar groove 7 and the masonry mortar hole 4 are all positioned on the same;
the brick body 1 is provided with through hole units 8 along the length direction of the brick body 1, each through hole unit 8 comprises a plurality of through hole areas 9, each through hole area 9 is provided with a plurality of through holes 10, and each through hole 10 vertically penetrates through the brick body 1.
The lateral protrusions 3 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower end face of the brick body 1, and the lower end face of the brick body 1 between the lateral protrusions 3 is provided with the recessed area 11 with the height and the width consistent with those of the lateral protrusions 3, of course, the sum of the lengths of the lateral protrusions 3 is equal to that of the middle protrusion 2, so that the length of the recessed area 11 is consistent with that of the middle protrusion 2, namely the length of the recessed area 11 is also equal to that of the lateral protrusions 3, and the relative positions of the bricks can be positioned by the structural design of the middle protrusion 2, the recessed area 11 and the lateral protrusions 3, so that the bricks can be conveniently placed and aligned during building, the masonry is flat, and the staggered joint of the upper brick and the lower brick can be accurately maintained at 1/2; in addition, the construction mortar groove I5, the construction mortar groove II 6, the construction mortar groove III 7 and the construction mortar holes 4 between the upper layer hollow brick, the lower layer hollow brick, the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick are mutually communicated after the construction is finished, the construction mortar groove I5 and the construction mortar groove II 6 are used for connecting the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick, the construction mortar groove III 7 is used for connecting the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the construction mortar holes 4 are used for realizing the simultaneous connection of the upper layer hollow brick and the lower layer hollow brick and the horizontally adjacent hollow brick, when the cement mortar in the masonry mortar groove is solidified, the cement mortar can form a complete rigid reticular structure, the anti-compression and anti-shearing capacity of the wall body can be effectively improved, the wall body is enabled to form a whole, the grouting channel can be prevented from being blocked due to the non-standardization of worker construction, and therefore the cement mortar in the later period can be smoothly injected into the masonry mortar groove of each brick.
The hollow brick that this technical scheme designed, the position of hollow brick has been ensured to the structural design of its middle part arch 2 and the protruding 3 of lateral part, the design of building the mortar groove has changed the mode of building by laying bricks or stones of traditional wall body, novel heterotypic hollow brick is cast with the form of pouring, the operating efficiency is improved, the roughness of wall has been promoted, the atress transmission is even, pour cement mortar in building the mortar groove by laying bricks or stones, form wholly fast, the bonding ability is strong, convenient construction, the operation is rapid, it builds the quality by laying bricks or stones low to workman's dependence, constructor's technical requirement has been reduced, the shaping is efficient, make things convenient for the wall body to consolidate.
Specifically, the length L3 of the brick body 1 is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle protrusion 2 is 120mm, the length L6 of the side protrusion 3 is 60mm, and the heights L7 of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3 are both 10 mm.
When two strip surfaces or the top surface part are provided with masonry mortar grooves, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves is larger than 15mm and smaller than 25mm, and the two surfaces or the top surface of the hollow brick are provided with the masonry mortar grooves, so that the masonry mortar groove I5 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20mm, the masonry mortar groove II 6 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove III 7 is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
In order to ensure the communication effect of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove I5, the cross section width of the masonry mortar hole 4 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar groove I5, and in the hollow brick masonry state of the adjacent relation of the upper layer and the lower layer, circular holes formed by butting the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove III 7 are vertically aligned, so that the size of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove III 7 determines the structure of a longitudinal column of a rigid reticular structure finally formed by cement mortar, in order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid reticular structure, the masonry mortar hole 4 is a strip-shaped hole, the width L1 of the strip-shaped hole is 20mm, and the length L2 is 26 mm.
In order to achieve better sound insulation effect, the through hole area 9 unit comprises five through hole areas 9 which are arranged side by side along the length direction of the brick body 1, each through hole area 9 comprises five through holes 10, each through hole 10 comprises a through hole 10I and four through holes 10 II, the four through holes 10 II are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the through hole 10I along the length direction of the brick body 1, six rows of holes are formed in the horizontal direction, when sound enters another medium, the sound is attenuated most strongly, diffuse reflection is performed on a rough surface, the hollow brick is provided with six rows of holes, compared with a traditional hollow brick with three rows of holes, the sound insulation effect can be achieved to a large extent, in addition, the effects of heat insulation and building quality reduction are achieved, the diameter of each through hole 10 is 12mm, and a total of fifty through holes 10 with the diameter of 12mm are formed.
It should be noted that, regarding the porosity of the brick, the porosity of the fired perforated brick is different from that of the hollow brick, the porosity of the perforated brick is more than 15%, and the porosity of the hollow brick is more than 35%. Characteristically, the perforated brick holes have a small diameter and a large number, and the hollow brick holes have a large diameter and a small number. For the main purpose, perforated bricks are mainly used for load bearing and also for maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are mostly used for maintenance of structures.
The current sintered porous bricks with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm have the pore diameter of 12-22mm, the pores are much smaller, the porosity is more than 15 percent and less than 25 percent, and the brick is mainly used for bearing. The sintered hollow brick with the size of 240 multiplied by 115 multiplied by 90mm has uncertain size and shape of holes, large and few holes, but the porosity is not less than 35 percent and is mainly used for maintenance.
The main function of the mortar joint of the masonry is to bond adjacent bricks and evenly transmit pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, the firmness is improved, and the integrity of the wall is improved. Construction specifications have strict requirements on the size of the mortar joint, the smaller mortar joint can influence the bonding degree between adjacent bricks, and on the contrary, the larger mortar joint can influence the accuracy and the pressure resistance of the wall size due to the dry shrinkage of mortar filling the mortar joint. The hollow brick of this design does not have the gap between the brick body 1 of two liang of contacts when building by laying bricks or stones to the influence of mortar joint to brickwork wholeness and fastness has been avoided. According to the requirements, the diameter of the through hole 10 is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove is free of a plastering groove.
Calculate the porosity of the individual hollow blocks:
p = hole volume/profile volume of shaped brick
=（240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62）/（240×115×90）×100%
=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%
=34.786%。
It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow block is closer to about 35% of the porosity of the hollow block, and is therefore defined as a hollow block.
The novel special-shaped sintered brick has simple construction process and lower technical requirements on constructors.
Example 6:
the invention also provides a building method of the special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, for a room with moisture in water, cast-in-place concrete is applied to the lower part of the wall body to be used as a ridge platform, or solid bricks are built for replacement, the building height of the solid bricks is generally more than 200mm, and the main purpose is to improve the waterproof effect of the wall bottom of the filling wall of the room with moisture in water;
s2, horizontally building a layer of hollow bricks on the bottom of the wall, placing the hollow bricks at corresponding positions according to the length of the wall before building, and plugging all through holes, building mortar grooves and building mortar holes of the first layer of hollow bricks by cement mortar, wherein mortar joints at the bottom are required to be 8-12mm and cannot be too low or too high;
s3, placing other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks in sequence, wherein in the process of placing all the hollow bricks, the hollow bricks are ensured to be in the wall but other types of filling bricks cannot be generated, the rest parts are filled with solid bricks, when the solid bricks are filled, the solid bricks and the adjacent hollow bricks are sealed by cement mortar, no gap can be generated, and the principle that the whole bricks and half bricks are placed as far as possible during building and the two sides of the wall are flat is adopted, and the placing is stopped when the hollow bricks are about 200mm away from the top of the wall;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar groove at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top by using solid bricks according to a normal mode after solidification.
Example 7:
this embodiment is defined by optimization based on embodiment 6 described above.
If special treatment is needed to be carried out on the wall body, the shear strength and the bending strength of the wall body are improved through reinforcement, the ductility and the energy consumption capability of the wall body are improved, the integrity of the structure is enhanced, the integral rigidity of the structure is improved and the like, a tension prestressed steel bar with a pre-tightening nut needs to be placed at a base fixing position in advance, the position of the pre-tightening nut is located between 100 mm and 200mm of the top of the wall, and the steel bar is ensured to vertically penetrate through a masonry mortar groove III 7 and a masonry mortar hole 4 in sequence in any construction.
S3, when the hollow brick is placed at a position 200mm away from the wall top, prestressed steel bars are vertically arranged and tensioned from the foundation to the ring beam in a building mortar groove III and a building mortar hole according to whether the wall body needs to be reinforced or not, the steel bars are subjected to fire-resistant corrosion-resistant treatment, the upper ends of the tensioned prestressed steel bars are fixed on the ring beam and provided with pretightening nuts, the pretightening nuts are rotated to adjust the tensioned prestressed steel bars, the wall body is subjected to prestress, after all the steel bars are adjusted, a plastic film is adhered to the surface of the hollow brick wall body to enable the hollow brick wall body to be in a sealed state, a pouring opening for pouring concrete and a connecting hole for vacuumizing the interior of the hollow brick are reserved on the plastic film, the pouring opening is communicated with the building mortar groove of the hollow brick at the uppermost end and is connected with the connecting hole through a vacuum pump to vacuumize the interior of the hollow brick wall body, the mortar pouring device has the advantages that the mortar pouring liquidity can be guaranteed, in order to improve the mortar pouring effect and avoid uneven pouring, the tensioned prestressed reinforcements are fixed at intervals, namely two adjacent tensioned prestressed reinforcements are fixed and movable one by one, the upper ends of the movable reinforcements are provided with the vibration mechanisms, the movable reinforcements are vibrated while the mortar is poured, the pouring uniformity is guaranteed, and the strength of the whole structure after the mortar is solidified is improved;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the pouring gate at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top of the solidified cement mortar by using solid bricks according to a normal mode.
It should be noted that the construction process of the wall body with the opening is basically the same as the above construction process, but solid bricks are required to be used for building around the opening needing opening, and concrete is used for compacting. And if reinforcement treatment is needed, the treatment is carried out on the vertical hole-free section.
To sum up, it should be noted that under the effect of the design structure of the middle protrusion 2 and the lateral protrusion 3, the hollow brick can be placed quickly, then the construction of the wall body can be completed quickly by utilizing the masonry mortar groove, the porous structure can enable the novel special-shaped hollow brick to be sintered more easily, the sintering time is shortened, and the success rate is improved.
Each hollow brick does not need independent plastering, so that the working hours are saved on the whole, and the built wall is flat and smooth and is convenient for later-stage wall construction.
The traditional masonry structure reinforcing method such as FRP reinforcing, bonded steel reinforcing, reinforcing mesh cement mortar, reinforced concrete surface course reinforcing and the like has long field construction operation time, has certain influence on the production life, influences the normal use space after reinforcing, and influences the external integral sense of the wall body by adopting an external prestressing method, an external steel plate strip and other external masonry structure reinforcing. The wall body built by the hollow bricks can be internally reinforced in the building process, the integrity of the hollow bricks is not damaged, a good reinforcing effect can be achieved, and the smoothness of the wall surface is not influenced.
The hollow brick that this technical scheme designed, the position of hollow brick has been ensured to the protruding 2 of its middle part and the protruding 3 structural design of lateral part, and the design of building by laying bricks or stones the mortar groove has changed the mode of building by laying bricks or stones of traditional wall body, and novel heterotypic hollow brick is cast and is tied up with the form of pouring, has improved the operating efficiency, has promoted the roughness of wall, has reduced constructor's technical requirement. In addition, when the wall is built, the wall body can be reinforced by additionally arranging the tension prestressed reinforcement with the nut in the mortar building groove.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several variations and modifications without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low heat transfer high joint strength's dysmorphism is from making up hollow brick which characterized in that: the brick comprises a brick body, wherein an upward extending middle bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the brick body, downward extending side bulges are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower end surface of the brick body, the widths of the middle bulge and the side bulges are both consistent with the width of the brick body, the sum of the lengths of the two side bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, and the height of the middle bulge is consistent with the height of the side bulges;
the brick comprises a brick body, and is characterized by further comprising a masonry mortar groove and a masonry mortar hole which are used for connecting adjacent brick bodies, wherein the masonry mortar groove comprises a first masonry mortar groove, a second masonry mortar groove and a third masonry mortar groove, the first masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the middle bulge and completely penetrates through the middle bulge, the second masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the side bulge and completely penetrates through the side bulge, the third masonry mortar groove is arranged along the height direction of the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body and completely penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body, the masonry mortar hole is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body and completely penetrates through the brick body, and the axes of the first masonry mortar groove, the second masonry mortar groove, the third masonry mortar groove and the mortar hole are all located on the same plane;
the brick body is gone up along the length direction symmetry of the brick body and is equipped with the through-hole unit, the through-hole unit includes a plurality of through-hole regions, the through-hole region is equipped with a plurality of through-holes, the through-hole runs through perpendicularly the brick body.
2. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
3. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the second masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
4. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the masonry mortar groove III is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.
5. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the cross section of the masonry mortar hole is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar groove I.
6. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the masonry mortar hole is a strip-shaped hole, the width of the strip-shaped hole is 20mm, and the length of the strip-shaped hole is 26 mm.
7. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the through hole area unit comprises five through hole areas which are arranged side by side along the length direction of the brick body, and the through hole areas comprise five through holes.
8. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the five through holes respectively comprise a first through hole and four second through holes, and the four second through holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first through hole along the length direction of the brick body.
9. A building method of a special-shaped self-combination hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adopting a concrete cast-in-place ridge platform or a masonry solid brick as the wall bottom of the wall body;
s2, horizontally building a layer of hollow bricks on the wall bottom, and plugging all through holes, building mortar grooves and building mortar holes of the first layer of hollow bricks by cement mortar;
s3, sequentially placing other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks, and stopping placing when the hollow bricks are about 200mm away from the top of the wall;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar groove at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top by using solid bricks according to a normal mode after solidification.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein in step S3, after the hollow bricks are laid, prestressed reinforcements are vertically arranged and tensioned from the foundation to the ring beam in the masonry mortar groove III and the masonry mortar holes, the upper ends of the prestressed reinforcements are fixed on the ring beam, the prestressed reinforcements are provided with pre-tightening nuts, the pre-tightening nuts are rotated to adjust the pre-tightening reinforcements, the wall is subjected to pre-stress, after all the reinforcements are adjusted, the plastic film is adhered to the surface of the hollow brick wall, the interior of the hollow brick wall is in a sealed state, and simultaneously, pouring ports for pouring concrete and connecting holes for vacuumizing the interior of the hollow bricks are reserved on the plastic film, the pouring ports are communicated with the uppermost masonry mortar groove, the vacuum pump is connected with the connecting hole to vacuumize the interior of the hollow brick wall;
and S4, injecting cement mortar along the pouring gate at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top of the solidified cement mortar by using solid bricks according to a normal mode.
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| CN112376911A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-19 | 广东轻工职业技术学院 | Brick wall building process |
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