CN110670790A - Special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, in particular to a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength. The left and right sides are symmetrically provided with downwardly extending side protrusions, the widths of the middle protrusion and the side protrusions are the same as the width of the brick body, and the length of the two side protrusions is the same as the width of the brick body. and the length of the middle bulge is equal, and the height of the middle bulge is the same as the height of the side bulge; using the special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength according to the technical scheme of the present invention, The flatness of the wall surface is improved, the force is transmitted evenly, and the cement mortar is poured in the masonry mortar tank, which can quickly form a whole, with strong bonding ability, convenient construction, and rapid operation. Its masonry quality has low dependence on workers and molding efficiency High, convenient for wall reinforcement.

Description

Special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hollow bricks, in particular to a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength.

Background technique

During the development of modern buildings, traditional brick load-bearing walls have been replaced by cast-in-place reinforced concrete. At present, sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks are widely used as filling walls and partition walls in buildings. Infill walls and partition walls require that the overall mass of the wall be small, and the thickness should be as thin as possible to facilitate disassembly and assembly.

Compared with ordinary sintered bricks, sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks can reduce the weight of buildings by about 30%, save 20% to 30% of clay, save 10% to 20% of fuel, and increase the efficiency of wall construction by 40%. Thermal and sound insulation properties of bricks. Therefore, the popularization and use of sintered hollow bricks and porous bricks is one of the important measures to speed up the reform of wall materials in our country, and it is also one of the important measures to promote the technological progress of wall materials industry. Under normal circumstances, if the thermal performance requirements of the two are the same, the thickness of the wall built with sintered hollow bricks will be reduced by about half a brick than that of solid bricks.

At present, the sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks widely used in the market have the following problems:

(1) During masonry, the ash joints will block the brick holes, increase the heat transfer coefficient of the bricks, reduce the thermal insulation performance, and increase the building energy consumption.

(2) The size of the ash joint is uncontrollable. The general item 5.3.2 of GB50203-2002 "Code for Acceptance of Masonry Engineering Construction Quality" has clear requirements for the masonry ash joint, and the thickness of the ash joint is 8-12mm. However, in actual construction, the size of the ash joint is greatly affected by human beings, and it is difficult to guarantee.

(3) Because the ash seam is uncontrollable, the flatness is difficult to control and the forming efficiency is low. In order to control the ash joints, the effective masonry time of workers is inevitably reduced, resulting in low wall forming efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which improves the flatness of the wall surface and transmits the force evenly. It has strong bonding ability, convenient construction, rapid operation, low dependence on workers for masonry quality, high forming efficiency, and convenient wall reinforcement.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, comprising a brick body, the middle part of the upper end surface of the brick body is provided with an upwardly extending middle protrusion, and the lower end surface of the brick body is provided with a middle protrusion. The left and right sides are symmetrically provided with downwardly extending side protrusions, the widths of the middle protrusion and the side protrusions are the same as the width of the brick body, and the length of the two side protrusions is the same as the width of the brick body. and is equal to the length of the middle protrusion, and the height of the middle protrusion is consistent with the height of the side protrusion;

It also includes a masonry mortar tank and a masonry mortar hole for connecting adjacent brick bodies. The masonry mortar tank includes a masonry mortar tank 1, a masonry mortar tank 2 and a masonry mortar tank 3. The masonry mortar tank The first groove is set along the length direction of the middle protrusion and completely penetrates the middle protrusion, and the second masonry mortar groove is set along the length direction of the side protrusion and completely penetrates the side protrusion. The mortar building tank 3 is arranged along the height direction of the left and right side walls of the brick body and completely penetrates the left and right side walls of the brick body, and the masonry mortar hole is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body and completely penetrates the Brick body, the axes of the masonry mortar tank 1, the masonry mortar tank 2, the masonry mortar tank 3 and the masonry mortar hole are all located on the same plane;

The brick body is symmetrically provided with through-hole units along the length direction of the brick body, the through-hole unit includes a plurality of through-hole areas, and the through-hole area is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the through holes vertically penetrate the bricks body.

The side protrusions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end face of the brick body, and the lower end surface of the brick body between the two side protrusions forms a concave area whose height and width are consistent with the height and width of the side protrusions. Of course, Since the sum of the lengths of the protrusions on both sides is equal to the length of the protrusions in the middle, the length of the recessed area is the same as the length of the protrusions in the middle, that is, the length of the recessed area is also equal to the sum of the lengths of the protrusions on both sides, This kind of structure design of the central bulge, the concave area and the side bulge can be used to locate the relative position of the bricks, which is convenient for placing and aligning the bricks during masonry, so that the masonry is flat, and the staggered joints of the upper and lower bricks can be ensured. Precisely maintained at 1/2; in addition, at the same time, it can also ensure that after the completion of the masonry, the masonry mortar tank 1, the masonry mortar tank 2, the masonry mortar tank 3, the masonry mortar between the three adjacent hollow bricks The mortar holes are connected to each other, the masonry mortar tank 1 and the masonry mortar tank 2 are used to connect the upper and lower layers of hollow bricks, the masonry mortar tank 3 is used to connect the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the masonry mortar holes are used to realize the connection between the upper and lower layers of hollow bricks. When the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks are connected at the same time, when the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank is solidified, the cement mortar will form a complete rigid network structure, which can effectively improve the compressive and shear resistance of the wall and make the wall form As a whole, it can also avoid the blockage of the grouting channel due to the irregular construction of the workers, so as to ensure that the cement mortar in the later stage is smoothly injected into the masonry mortar tank of each brick.

For the hollow bricks designed in this technical scheme, the structural design of the middle and side protrusions ensures the position of the hollow bricks, and the design of the masonry mortar tank changes the traditional wall masonry method, and the new special-shaped hollow bricks are poured in the form of pouring. , Improve the operation efficiency, improve the flatness of the wall, the force is transmitted evenly, pour the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank, quickly form a whole, strong bonding ability, convenient construction, fast operation, and its masonry quality is very good for workers. It has low dependence on it, reduces the technical requirements of construction personnel, has high forming efficiency, and is convenient for wall reinforcement.

As a preferred solution, when there are masonry mortar grooves on both strip surfaces or the top surface, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves should be greater than 15mm and less than 25mm. Both surfaces or top surfaces of the hollow bricks have masonry mortar grooves, so the above The first masonry mortar tank is a semicircular tank with a diameter of 20mm.

As a preferred solution, the second masonry mortar tank is a semicircular tank with a diameter of 20 mm.

As a preferred solution, the third masonry mortar tank is a semicircular tank with a diameter of 20mm.

As a preferred solution, in order to ensure the communication effect between the masonry mortar hole and the masonry mortar tank 1, the cross-sectional width of the masonry mortar hole is less than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar tank 1.

As a preferred solution, in the state of hollow brick masonry with the adjacent relationship between the upper and lower layers, the masonry mortar hole and the circular hole formed by the three butt joints of the masonry mortar tank are vertically aligned. Therefore, the size of the masonry mortar hole and the masonry mortar tank three The structure of the longitudinal column of the rigid mesh structure finally formed by the cement mortar is determined. In order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid mesh structure, the masonry mortar hole is a strip hole, and the width L1 of the strip hole is 20mm. The length L2 is 26mm.

As a preferred solution, in order to achieve better sound insulation effect, the through-hole area unit includes five through-hole areas arranged side by side along the length direction of the tile body, and the through-hole area includes five through-holes.

As a preferred solution, the five through holes respectively include one through hole 1 and four through holes 2, and the four through holes 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the through hole 1 along the length direction of the brick body, forming six rows in the horizontal direction. Holes, when one medium enters another medium, the sound attenuates the most strongly, and it will also be diffusely reflected on rough surfaces. This hollow brick has six rows of holes, which can be largely It has the effect of sound insulation, in addition to thermal insulation, reducing the quality of the building.

The diameter of the through holes is 12 mm, and there are fifty through holes with a diameter of 12 mm in total.

The length L3 of the brick body is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle protrusion is 120mm, and the length L6 of the side protrusion is 60mm.

The present invention also provides a masonry method for special-shaped self-assembled hollow bricks with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1. Use concrete cast-in-place sills or masonry solid bricks as the bottom of the wall;

S2. Lay a layer of hollow bricks horizontally on the bottom of the wall, and use cement mortar to block all the through holes, masonry mortar grooves and masonry mortar holes of the first layer of hollow bricks;

S3. Place other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks in turn, and stop placing them when the hollow bricks are about 200mm away from the top of the wall;

S4. The cement mortar is injected into the mortar tank of the hollow brick masonry at the uppermost end at a constant speed with a slurry guide pipe. After solidification, the top is masonry with solid bricks in the normal way.

As a preferred solution, in S3, after the placement of the hollow bricks is completed, the prestressed steel bars are stretched vertically from the foundation to the ring beam in the masonry mortar tank 3 and the masonry mortar holes, and the upper ends of the tensioned prestressed steel bars are fixed. On the ring beam, and the pre-tensioned pre-stressed steel bar has a pre-tightened nut, turn the pre-tightened nut to adjust the tensioned and pre-stressed steel bar, so that the wall is pre-stressed. After all the steel bars are adjusted, stick the plastic film on the hollow brick wall. The surface of the hollow brick wall is in a sealed state, and a pouring port for pouring concrete and a connecting hole for vacuuming the interior of the hollow brick are left on the plastic film. The pouring port is connected with the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar tank. , The hollow brick wall is evacuated by connecting the vacuum pump to the connecting hole, which can ensure the fluidity of the mortar, and in order to improve the pouring effect of the mortar and avoid uneven pouring, the prestressed steel bars are tensioned at intervals. It is two adjacent tensile prestressed steel bars, one is fixed and the other is movable. There is a vibration mechanism on the upper end of the movable steel bar, which vibrates the movable steel bar while pouring the mortar to ensure the uniformity of the pouring and improve the solidification of the mortar. the strength of the overall structure;

In S4, the cement mortar is injected along the pouring port at a constant speed with a grout pipe, and after solidification, the top is built with solid bricks in the normal way.

It should be noted that in terms of the porosity of bricks, the porosity of sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks is different, the porosity of porous bricks is greater than 15%, and the porosity of hollow bricks is greater than 35%. In terms of characteristics, the diameter of the porous brick holes is small and the number is large, and the diameter of the hollow brick holes is large and the number is small. As far as the main purpose is concerned, porous bricks are mainly used for load-bearing and maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are only used for maintenance of structures.

At present, the pore size of the sintered porous brick with the size of 240×115×90mm is 12-22mm, the pores are small and many, the porosity is more than 15% and less than 25%, and it is mainly used for load-bearing. Sintered hollow bricks with a size of 240×115×90mm, the size and shape of the holes are uncertain, the holes are large and the number is small, but the porosity should not be lower than 35%, which is mainly used for maintenance.

The main function of the masonry ash joint is to bond the adjacent bricks and evenly transmit the pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, improve the firmness, and at the same time increase the integrity of the wall. The construction specification has strict requirements on the size of the mortar joints. Small mortar joints will affect the degree of bonding between adjacent bricks. On the contrary, large mortar joints will affect the accuracy and size of the wall due to the shrinkage of the mortar filling the mortar joints. Stress resistance. The hollow bricks of this design have no gaps between the bricks that are in contact with each other during masonry, thus avoiding the influence of the mortar joints on the integrity and firmness of the masonry. According to the requirements of this hollow brick, the diameter of the through hole is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and there is no plastering groove.

Calculate the porosity of a single hollow brick:

P = the volume of the hole / the volume of the contour of the special-shaped brick

= (240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62)/(240×115×90)×100%

=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%

=34.786%.

It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow brick is closer to the porosity of the hollow brick (35%), so it is defined as a hollow brick.

The beneficial effects of a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength adopting the above technical solution: the side protrusions are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end face of the brick body, and are located under the brick body between the protrusions on both sides. A concave area with the same height and width as the side protrusions is formed on the end surface. Of course, since the sum of the lengths of the two side protrusions is equal to the length of the middle protrusion, the length of the recessed area is the same as that of the center protrusion. The length is the same, that is, the length of the recessed area is also equal to the sum of the lengths of the protrusions on both sides. When the bricks are placed and aligned, so that the masonry is flat, it can ensure that the staggered seam between the upper and lower bricks is kept at 1/2; in addition, it can also ensure that the upper and lower, left and right adjacent hollow bricks are equal after the masonry is completed. The masonry mortar tank 1, the masonry mortar tank 2, the masonry mortar tank 3, the masonry mortar holes are connected with each other, the masonry mortar tank 1 and the masonry mortar tank 2 are used to connect the upper and lower layers of hollow bricks, and the masonry mortar tank 3. It is used to connect the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the masonry mortar hole is used to realize the simultaneous connection of the upper and lower hollow bricks and the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks. When the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank is solidified, the cement mortar will form a complete The rigid mesh structure can effectively improve the compressive and shear resistance of the wall, so that the wall can be formed as a whole, and it can also avoid the blockage of the grouting channel due to the irregular construction of workers, so as to ensure the smooth injection of cement mortar into each brick masonry mortar tank.

For the hollow bricks designed in this technical scheme, the structural design of the middle and side protrusions ensures the position of the hollow bricks, and the design of the masonry mortar tank changes the traditional wall masonry method, and the new special-shaped hollow bricks are poured in the form of pouring. , Improve the operation efficiency, improve the flatness of the wall, the force is transmitted evenly, pour the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank, quickly form a whole, strong bonding ability, convenient construction, fast operation, and its masonry quality is very good for workers. It has low dependence on it, reduces the technical requirements of construction personnel, has high forming efficiency, and is convenient for wall reinforcement.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of perspective one of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the second perspective of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the bottom view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the hollow brick wall of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the hollow brick wall of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the enlarged view of A place in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the dimension schematic diagram of masonry mortar hole in the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention.

Among them: brick body 1; middle bulge 2; side bulge 3; masonry mortar hole 4; masonry mortar tank one 5; masonry mortar tank two 6; masonry mortar tank three 7; through hole unit 8; Hole area 9; through hole 10; recessed area 11.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the technical scheme of the present invention is further described:

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1-9, the present embodiment provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, including a brick body 1, and the middle part of the upper end surface of the brick body 1 is provided with an upwardly extending middle protrusion 2. The left and right sides of the lower end face of the body 1 are symmetrically provided with side protrusions 3 extending downward. The widths of the middle protrusions 2 and the side protrusions 3 are consistent with the width of the brick body 1. The sum is equal to the length of the middle bulge 2, and the height of the middle bulge 2 is the same as the height of the side bulge 3;

It also includes a masonry mortar tank and a masonry mortar hole 4 for connecting adjacent brick bodies 1. The masonry mortar tank includes a masonry mortar tank 1 5, a masonry mortar tank 6 and a masonry mortar tank 3 7. The mortar groove 1 5 is arranged along the length direction of the middle protrusion 2 and completely penetrates the middle protrusion 2, and the masonry mortar groove 2 6 is arranged along the length direction of the side protrusion 3 and completely penetrates the side protrusion 3. The mortar tank 3 7 is arranged along the height direction of the left and right side walls of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates the left and right side walls of the brick body 1. The masonry mortar hole 4 is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates the brick body 1. The axes of mortar tank one 5, masonry mortar tank two 6, masonry mortar tank three 7 and masonry mortar hole 4 are all located on the same plane;

A through hole unit 8 is symmetrically arranged on the brick body 1 along the length direction of the brick body 1. The through hole unit 8 includes a plurality of through hole areas 9, and the through hole area 9 is provided with a plurality of through holes 10, and the through holes 10 penetrate the brick body 1 vertically. .

The side protrusions 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end surface of the brick body 1, and the lower end surface of the brick body 1 located between the two side protrusions 3 forms a height and width consistent with the height and width of the side protrusions 3. In the recessed area 11, of course, since the sum of the lengths of the protrusions 3 on both sides is equal to the length of the central protrusion 2, the length of the recessed area 11 is consistent with the length of the central protrusion 2, that is, the length of the recessed area 11 is also the same. It is equal to the sum of the lengths of the protrusions 3 on both sides. The structural design of the protrusions 2 in the middle, the recessed areas 11 and the protrusions on the side 3 can be used to locate the relative position of the bricks, which is convenient for the placement and alignment of the bricks during masonry. , so that the masonry is flat, it can ensure that the staggered joint of the upper and lower bricks is kept at 1/2; in addition, it can also ensure that the masonry mortar groove between the upper, lower, left and right adjacent hollow bricks after the masonry is completed. 5. Masonry mortar tank 2 6, masonry mortar tank 3 7, masonry mortar hole 4 are connected to each other, masonry mortar tank 1 5 and masonry mortar tank 2 6 are used to connect the upper and lower layers of hollow bricks, masonry mortar tank 3 7 is used to connect the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the masonry mortar hole 4 is used to realize the simultaneous connection of the upper and lower hollow bricks and the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks. When the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank is solidified, the cement mortar will form a The complete rigid mesh structure can effectively improve the compressive and shear resistance of the wall, so that the wall can be formed as a whole, and it can also avoid the blockage of the grouting channel due to the irregular construction of workers, so as to ensure the smooth injection of cement mortar in the later stage. In the masonry mortar tank of each brick.

In the hollow brick designed in this technical solution, the structural design of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3 ensures the position of the hollow brick, and the design of the masonry mortar tank changes the traditional wall masonry method. The special-shaped hollow brick improves the operation efficiency, improves the flatness of the wall surface, and transmits the force evenly. The cement mortar is poured in the masonry mortar tank, which can quickly form a whole, with strong bonding ability, convenient construction, rapid operation, and its masonry quality. The dependence on workers is low, the technical requirements of construction personnel are reduced, the forming efficiency is high, and the wall reinforcement is convenient.

Specifically, the length L3 of the brick body 1 is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle protrusion 2 is 120mm, the length L6 of the side protrusion 3 is 60mm, the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion The heights L7 of the protrusions 3 are all 10 mm.

Example 2:

This embodiment is optimized and limited on the basis of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.

When there are masonry mortar grooves on both strip surfaces or the top surface, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves should be greater than 15mm and less than 25mm. There are masonry mortar grooves on both surfaces or the top surface of the hollow brick, so the masonry mortar groove is 15 mm. It is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm, the masonry mortar groove 26 is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove 37 is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm.

Example 3:

This embodiment is optimized and limited on the basis of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.

In order to ensure the communication effect between the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar tank 1 5, the cross-sectional width of the masonry mortar hole 4 is less than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar tank 1 5, and the hollow brick masonry state in the adjacent relationship between the upper and lower layers Next, the circular hole formed by the butt joint of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove 3 7 is vertically aligned. Therefore, the size of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove 3 7 determines the final rigid network structure formed by the cement mortar. In order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid mesh structure, the masonry mortar hole 4 is a strip hole, the width L1 of the strip hole is 20mm, and the length L2 is 26mm.

Example 4:

This embodiment is optimized and limited on the basis of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.

In order to achieve a better sound insulation effect, the through hole area 9 unit includes five through hole areas 9 arranged side by side along the length direction of the tile body 1 , the through hole area 9 includes five through holes 10 , and the five through holes 10 are respectively Including one through hole 101 and four through holes 102, the four through holes 102 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the through hole 101 along the length direction of the brick body 1, and six rows of holes are formed in the horizontal direction. When one medium enters another medium, the sound attenuation is the strongest, and it will also be diffusely reflected on the rough surface. In addition, there are the functions of heat preservation and lightening of the building mass. The diameter of the through hole 10 is 12 mm, and there are fifty through holes 10 with a diameter of 12 mm in total.

It should be noted that in terms of the porosity of bricks, the porosity of sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks is different, the porosity of porous bricks is greater than 15%, and the porosity of hollow bricks is greater than 35%. In terms of characteristics, the diameter of the porous brick holes is small and the number is large, and the diameter of the hollow brick holes is large and the number is small. As far as the main purpose is concerned, porous bricks are mainly used for load-bearing and maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are only used for maintenance of structures.

At present, the pore size of the sintered porous brick with the size of 240×115×90mm is 12-22mm, the pores are small and many, the porosity is more than 15% and less than 25%, and it is mainly used for load-bearing. Sintered hollow bricks with a size of 240×115×90mm, the size and shape of the holes are uncertain, the holes are large and the number is small, but the porosity should not be lower than 35%, which is mainly used for maintenance.

The main function of the masonry ash joint is to bond the adjacent bricks and evenly transmit the pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, improve the firmness, and at the same time increase the integrity of the wall. The construction specification has strict requirements on the size of the mortar joints. Small mortar joints will affect the degree of bonding between adjacent bricks. On the contrary, large mortar joints will affect the accuracy and size of the wall due to the shrinkage of the mortar filling the mortar joints. Stress resistance. The hollow bricks designed in this design have no gaps between the brick bodies 1 in contact with each other during masonry, thus avoiding the influence of the ash joints on the integrity and firmness of the masonry. According to the requirements of this hollow brick, the diameter of the through hole 10 is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and there is no stucco groove.

Calculate the porosity of a single hollow brick:

P = the volume of the hole / the volume of the contour of the special-shaped brick

= (240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62)/(240×115×90)×100%

=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%

=34.786%.

It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow brick is closer to that of the hollow brick by about 35%, so it is defined as a hollow brick.

Example 5:

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the present invention provides a special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength, comprising a brick body 1, and the middle part of the upper end face of the brick body 1 is provided with an upwardly extending middle protrusion 2. The brick body 1. The left and right sides of the lower end face are symmetrically provided with downwardly extending side protrusions 3. The widths of the middle protrusions 2 and the side protrusions 3 are the same as the width of the brick body 1. The length of the two side protrusions 3 is the same. and the length of the middle protrusion 2 is equal, and the height of the middle protrusion 2 is consistent with the height of the side protrusion 3;

It also includes a masonry mortar tank and a masonry mortar hole 4 for connecting adjacent brick bodies 1. The masonry mortar tank includes a masonry mortar tank 1 5, a masonry mortar tank 6 and a masonry mortar tank 3 7. The mortar groove 1 5 is arranged along the length direction of the middle protrusion 2 and completely penetrates the middle protrusion 2, and the masonry mortar groove 2 6 is arranged along the length direction of the side protrusion 3 and completely penetrates the side protrusion 3. The mortar tank 3 7 is arranged along the height direction of the left and right side walls of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates the left and right side walls of the brick body 1. The masonry mortar hole 4 is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body 1 and completely penetrates the brick body 1. The axes of mortar tank one 5, masonry mortar tank two 6, masonry mortar tank three 7 and masonry mortar hole 4 are all located on the same plane;

A through hole unit 8 is symmetrically arranged on the brick body 1 along the length direction of the brick body 1. The through hole unit 8 includes a plurality of through hole areas 9, and the through hole area 9 is provided with a plurality of through holes 10, and the through holes 10 penetrate the brick body 1 vertically. .

The side protrusions 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end surface of the brick body 1, and the lower end surface of the brick body 1 located between the two side protrusions 3 forms a height and width consistent with the height and width of the side protrusions 3. In the recessed area 11, of course, since the sum of the lengths of the protrusions 3 on both sides is equal to the length of the central protrusion 2, the length of the recessed area 11 is consistent with the length of the central protrusion 2, that is, the length of the recessed area 11 is also the same. It is equal to the sum of the lengths of the protrusions 3 on both sides. The structural design of the protrusions 2 in the middle, the recessed areas 11 and the protrusions on the side 3 can be used to locate the relative position of the bricks, which is convenient for the placement and alignment of the bricks during masonry. , so that the masonry is flat, it can ensure that the staggered joint of the upper and lower bricks is kept at 1/2; in addition, it can also ensure that the masonry mortar groove between the upper, lower, left and right adjacent hollow bricks after the masonry is completed. 5. Masonry mortar tank 2 6, masonry mortar tank 3 7, masonry mortar hole 4 are connected to each other, masonry mortar tank 1 5 and masonry mortar tank 2 6 are used to connect the upper and lower layers of hollow bricks, masonry mortar tank 3 7 is used to connect the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks, and the masonry mortar hole 4 is used to realize the simultaneous connection of the upper and lower hollow bricks and the horizontally adjacent hollow bricks. When the cement mortar in the masonry mortar tank is solidified, the cement mortar will form a The complete rigid mesh structure can effectively improve the compressive and shear resistance of the wall, so that the wall can be formed as a whole, and it can also avoid the blockage of the grouting channel due to the irregular construction of workers, so as to ensure the smooth injection of cement mortar in the later stage. In the masonry mortar tank of each brick.

In the hollow brick designed in this technical solution, the structural design of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3 ensures the position of the hollow brick, and the design of the masonry mortar tank changes the traditional wall masonry method. The special-shaped hollow brick improves the operation efficiency, improves the flatness of the wall surface, and transmits the force evenly. The cement mortar is poured in the masonry mortar tank, which can quickly form a whole, with strong bonding ability, convenient construction, rapid operation, and its masonry quality. The dependence on workers is low, the technical requirements of construction personnel are reduced, the forming efficiency is high, and the wall reinforcement is convenient.

Specifically, the length L3 of the brick body 1 is 240mm, the width L4 is 115mm, the height H is 80mm, the length L5 of the middle protrusion 2 is 120mm, the length L6 of the side protrusion 3 is 60mm, the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion The heights L7 of the protrusions 3 are all 10 mm.

When there are masonry mortar grooves on both strip surfaces or the top surface, the depth of the masonry mortar grooves should be greater than 15mm and less than 25mm. There are masonry mortar grooves on both surfaces or the top surface of the hollow brick, so the masonry mortar groove is 15 mm. It is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm, the masonry mortar groove 26 is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm, and the masonry mortar groove 37 is a semicircular groove with a diameter of 20mm.

In order to ensure the communication effect between the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar tank 1 5, the cross-sectional width of the masonry mortar hole 4 is less than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar tank 1 5, and the hollow brick masonry state in the adjacent relationship between the upper and lower layers Next, the circular hole formed by the butt joint of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove 3 7 is vertically aligned. Therefore, the size of the masonry mortar hole 4 and the masonry mortar groove 3 7 determines the final rigid network structure formed by the cement mortar. In order to ensure the structural strength of the rigid mesh structure, the masonry mortar hole 4 is a strip hole, the width L1 of the strip hole is 20mm, and the length L2 is 26mm.

In order to achieve a better sound insulation effect, the through hole area 9 unit includes five through hole areas 9 arranged side by side along the length direction of the tile body 1 , the through hole area 9 includes five through holes 10 , and the five through holes 10 are respectively Including one through hole 101 and four through holes 102, the four through holes 102 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the through hole 101 along the length direction of the brick body 1, and six rows of holes are formed in the horizontal direction. When one medium enters another medium, the sound attenuation is the strongest, and it will also be diffusely reflected on the rough surface. In addition, there are the functions of heat preservation and lightening of the building mass. The diameter of the through hole 10 is 12 mm, and there are fifty through holes 10 with a diameter of 12 mm in total.

It should be noted that in terms of the porosity of bricks, the porosity of sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks is different, the porosity of porous bricks is greater than 15%, and the porosity of hollow bricks is greater than 35%. In terms of characteristics, the diameter of the porous brick holes is small and the number is large, and the diameter of the hollow brick holes is large and the number is small. As far as the main purpose is concerned, porous bricks are mainly used for load-bearing and maintenance of structures, while hollow bricks are only used for maintenance of structures.

At present, the pore size of the sintered porous brick with the size of 240×115×90mm is 12-22mm, the pores are small and many, the porosity is more than 15% and less than 25%, and it is mainly used for load-bearing. Sintered hollow bricks with a size of 240×115×90mm, the size and shape of the holes are uncertain, the holes are large and the number is small, but the porosity should not be lower than 35%, which is mainly used for maintenance.

The main function of the masonry ash joint is to bond the adjacent bricks and evenly transmit the pressure, so that the wall is evenly stressed, improve the firmness, and at the same time increase the integrity of the wall. The construction specification has strict requirements on the size of the mortar joints. Small mortar joints will affect the degree of bonding between adjacent bricks. On the contrary, large mortar joints will affect the accuracy and size of the wall due to the shrinkage of the mortar filling the mortar joints. Stress resistance. The hollow bricks designed in this design have no gaps between the brick bodies 1 in contact with each other during masonry, thus avoiding the influence of the ash joints on the integrity and firmness of the masonry. According to the requirements of this hollow brick, the diameter of the through hole 10 is 12mm, the diameter of the masonry mortar groove is 20mm, and there is no plastering groove.

Calculate the porosity of a single hollow brick:

P = the volume of the hole / the volume of the contour of the special-shaped brick

= (240×10×115+80×π×102×2+1/2×240×102π+80×20×30+80×50×π×62)/(240×115×90)×100%

=(276000+50240+37680+48000+452160)/240×115×90=864080/2484000×100%

=34.786%.

It can be seen that the porosity of the hollow brick is closer to that of the hollow brick by about 35%, so it is defined as a hollow brick.

The new type of special-shaped sintered brick has a simple construction process and low technical requirements for construction personnel.

Example 6:

The present invention also provides a masonry method for special-shaped self-assembled hollow bricks with low heat transfer and high connection strength, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1. For rooms with water and humidity, cast-in-place concrete should be used as a sill below the wall, or solid bricks should be built instead. The height of solid bricks is generally greater than 200mm. Effect;

S2. Lay a layer of hollow bricks horizontally on the bottom of the wall. Before laying, you need to place the hollow bricks in the corresponding positions according to the length of the wall. Use cement mortar to repair all the through holes, mortar grooves and masonry of the first layer of hollow bricks. The mortar hole should be blocked, and the bottom ash joint should be between 8-12mm, neither too low nor too high;

S3. Place other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks in turn. During the placement of all hollow bricks, it must be ensured that the hollow bricks are in the wall and other types of filling bricks cannot appear. The remaining part is filled with solid bricks. When filling with solid bricks , The solid bricks and the adjacent hollow bricks must be sealed with cement mortar, and there should be no gaps. In addition, the whole brick and half bricks should be placed as much as possible during masonry, and the two sides of the wall should be flat. Stop when the hollow brick is about 200mm away from the top of the wall. place;

S4. The cement mortar is injected into the mortar tank of the hollow brick masonry at the uppermost end at a constant speed with a slurry guide pipe. After solidification, the top is masonry with solid bricks in the normal way.

Example 7:

This embodiment is optimized and limited on the basis of the above-mentioned Embodiment 6.

If it is necessary to do special treatment to the wall, through reinforcement to improve the shear and flexural strength of the wall, improve the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the wall, enhance the integrity of the structure, improve the overall rigidity of the structure, etc., it needs to be fixed on the foundation in advance. Place the tensioned prestressed steel bars with preloaded nuts, the position of the preloaded nuts is between 100-200mm from the top of the wall, and in any construction, make sure that the steel bars pass through the masonry mortar groove 37 and the masonry mortar vertically in turn. Build mortar holes 4.

In S3, when the hollow bricks are placed about 200mm away from the top of the wall, according to whether the wall needs to be reinforced, the masonry mortar groove 3 and the masonry mortar hole are arranged in a vertical form from the foundation to the ring beam and prestressed by tension. Rebars, steel bars are treated with fire resistance and corrosion resistance, the upper end of the tension prestressed steel bars is fixed on the ring beam, and the tension prestressed steel bars are provided with preload nuts. Pre-pressure, after all the steel bars are adjusted, the plastic film is pasted on the surface of the hollow brick wall, so that the hollow brick wall is in a sealed state. The vacuum connection hole, the pouring port is connected with the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar tank, and the vacuum pump is connected to the connection hole to vacuum the hollow brick wall, which can ensure the fluidity of the mortar, and in order to improve the pouring effect of the mortar, avoid The pouring is uneven, and the tensioned prestressed steel bars are fixed at intervals, that is, two adjacent tensioned prestressed steel bars, one is fixed and the other is movable. The movable steel bar vibrates to ensure the uniformity of pouring and improve the strength of the overall structure after the solidification of the mortar;

In S4, the cement mortar is injected along the pouring port at a constant speed with a grout pipe, and after solidification, the top is built with solid bricks in the normal way.

It should be noted that the construction process of the wall with openings is generally the same as the above construction process, except that the surrounding openings that need openings must be built with solid bricks and compacted with concrete. If reinforcement treatment is required, the above treatment shall be performed on the vertical non-hole section.

To sum up, it should be noted that under the action of the design structure of the central protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3, the hollow brick can be placed quickly, and then the construction of the wall can be quickly completed by using the masonry mortar tank, and the porous The structure can make the sintering of the new special-shaped hollow brick easier, shorten the sintering time, and improve the success rate.

Each hollow brick does not need to be plastered separately, so it saves man-hours as a whole, and the built wall is flat and smooth, which is convenient for later wall construction.

Traditional masonry structure reinforcement methods such as FRP reinforcement, bonded steel reinforcement, reinforced mesh cement mortar and reinforced concrete surface reinforcement have a long on-site construction operation time, which has a certain impact on production and life, and affects the normal use space after reinforcement. Reinforcement of external masonry structures such as prestressing methods and externally veneered steel strips will affect the overall appearance of the wall. The wall body built with the hollow bricks can be internally reinforced during the masonry process, without destroying the integrity of the hollow bricks, achieving a good reinforcement effect, and not affecting the smoothness of the wall surface.

In the hollow brick designed in this technical solution, the structural design of the middle protrusion 2 and the side protrusion 3 ensures the position of the hollow brick, and the design of the masonry mortar tank changes the traditional wall masonry method. The special-shaped hollow brick improves the operation efficiency, improves the flatness of the wall, and reduces the technical requirements of the construction personnel. In addition, at the same time of masonry, the wall can be reinforced by adding tension prestressed steel bars with nuts through the masonry mortar tank.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection of the present invention. scope, these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a low heat transfer high joint strength's dysmorphism is from making up hollow brick which characterized in that: the brick comprises a brick body, wherein an upward extending middle bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the brick body, downward extending side bulges are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower end surface of the brick body, the widths of the middle bulge and the side bulges are both consistent with the width of the brick body, the sum of the lengths of the two side bulges is equal to the length of the middle bulge, and the height of the middle bulge is consistent with the height of the side bulges;

the brick comprises a brick body, and is characterized by further comprising a masonry mortar groove and a masonry mortar hole which are used for connecting adjacent brick bodies, wherein the masonry mortar groove comprises a first masonry mortar groove, a second masonry mortar groove and a third masonry mortar groove, the first masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the middle bulge and completely penetrates through the middle bulge, the second masonry mortar groove is arranged along the length direction of the side bulge and completely penetrates through the side bulge, the third masonry mortar groove is arranged along the height direction of the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body and completely penetrates through the left side wall and the right side wall of the brick body, the masonry mortar hole is vertically arranged in the middle of the brick body and completely penetrates through the brick body, and the axes of the first masonry mortar groove, the second masonry mortar groove, the third masonry mortar groove and the mortar hole are all located on the same plane;

the brick body is gone up along the length direction symmetry of the brick body and is equipped with the through-hole unit, the through-hole unit includes a plurality of through-hole regions, the through-hole region is equipped with a plurality of through-holes, the through-hole runs through perpendicularly the brick body.

2. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.

3. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the second masonry mortar groove is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.

4. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the masonry mortar groove III is a semicircular groove with the diameter of 20 mm.

5. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of the cross section of the masonry mortar hole is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the masonry mortar groove I.

6. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the masonry mortar hole is a strip-shaped hole, the width of the strip-shaped hole is 20mm, and the length of the strip-shaped hole is 26 mm.

7. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the through hole area unit comprises five through hole areas which are arranged side by side along the length direction of the brick body, and the through hole areas comprise five through holes.

8. The special-shaped self-assembled hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the five through holes respectively comprise a first through hole and four second through holes, and the four second through holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first through hole along the length direction of the brick body.

9. A building method of a special-shaped self-combination hollow brick with low heat transfer and high connection strength is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, adopting a concrete cast-in-place ridge platform or a masonry solid brick as the wall bottom of the wall body;

s2, horizontally building a layer of hollow bricks on the wall bottom, and plugging all through holes, building mortar grooves and building mortar holes of the first layer of hollow bricks by cement mortar;

s3, sequentially placing other hollow bricks on the first layer of hollow bricks, and stopping placing when the hollow bricks are about 200mm away from the top of the wall;

and S4, injecting cement mortar along the uppermost hollow brick masonry mortar groove at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top by using solid bricks according to a normal mode after solidification.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein in step S3, after the hollow bricks are laid, prestressed reinforcements are vertically arranged and tensioned from the foundation to the ring beam in the masonry mortar groove III and the masonry mortar holes, the upper ends of the prestressed reinforcements are fixed on the ring beam, the prestressed reinforcements are provided with pre-tightening nuts, the pre-tightening nuts are rotated to adjust the pre-tightening reinforcements, the wall is subjected to pre-stress, after all the reinforcements are adjusted, the plastic film is adhered to the surface of the hollow brick wall, the interior of the hollow brick wall is in a sealed state, and simultaneously, pouring ports for pouring concrete and connecting holes for vacuumizing the interior of the hollow bricks are reserved on the plastic film, the pouring ports are communicated with the uppermost masonry mortar groove, the vacuum pump is connected with the connecting hole to vacuumize the interior of the hollow brick wall;

and S4, injecting cement mortar along the pouring gate at a constant speed by using a mortar guide pipe, and building the top of the solidified cement mortar by using solid bricks according to a normal mode.

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