CN110645626A - Air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage - Google Patents
Air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1084—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems
- F24D19/1093—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for air heating systems system using a heat pump and solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention provides an air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage, wherein the heating system comprises an energy storage subsystem and a heating subsystem; the energy storage subsystem includes: the system comprises a solar air heat collector, a phase change energy storage box, an energy storage pipeline and an energy storage fan; the heating subsystem comprises an air source heat pump, the phase change energy storage box, an air mixer, a heating pipeline, a return air pipeline and a heating fan; the invention combines the solar hot air heating technology and the phase change energy storage technology, effectively improves the indoor comfort level and effectively reduces the consumption and utilization of the traditional energy. The phase-change material in the energy storage box is subjected to heat storage by utilizing hot air generated by the solar air heat collector, and when the air source heat pump system operates at night, the solar energy stored by the phase-change material at daytime is utilized to preheat the heat source air of the air source heat pump system, so that the operating efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green buildings and renewable energy utilization, in particular to an air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage.
Background
Energy and environment are topics of common interest to all humans. Coal occupies the largest proportion in the energy consumption structure of China all the time, so that the energy crisis is aggravated, and the environment is greatly influenced. Excessive carbon dioxide emission causes greenhouse effect, and coal-fired heating aggravates frequent haze weather and seriously influences normal life order of people. The national attention on energy conservation and environmental protection is higher and higher, and a series of related policies such as coal-to-electricity and coal-to-gas are also put out in succession to improve the environment and energy conservation, but the walking is difficult, and the energy conservation and the environmental protection are repeated and far. The building energy consumption of China occupies a large proportion, and the building energy conservation is also the key point of the current and future development. The renewable energy is applied to the building, so that energy can be saved, and the environment can be protected.
Solar energy is used as an important new energy source, is the most applied renewable energy source, and develops the fastest clean energy source. The solar water heater is developed rapidly in China, the total heat collecting area reaches 1 hundred million square meters, the production capacity and the use amount are the first in the world, and the current technology is mature.
In the existing solar heating, because the energy flow density of solar energy is low, the radiation intensity is influenced by environmental factors, the indoor temperature fluctuation of solar hot air heating is large, and the indoor temperature is obviously reduced when no solar radiation exists in cloudy days or at night, so that the requirement of comfort level of people cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage, and aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage provided by the invention comprises: an energy storage subsystem and a heating subsystem;
the energy storage subsystem includes: the system comprises a solar air heat collector, a phase change energy storage box, an energy storage pipeline and an energy storage fan; the solar air heat collector is used for heating air flowing through by utilizing solar energy; the solar air heat collector is connected with the phase change energy storage box through the energy storage pipeline; the energy storage fan is arranged on the energy storage pipeline and used for forcing air to circulate between the solar air heat collector and the phase change energy storage box; a plurality of phase change energy storage units are distributed in the phase change energy storage box, phase change materials are filled in the phase change energy storage units, hot air heated by the solar air collector flows through the phase change energy storage box, and the physical state of the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage units is changed (namely phase change) to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air;
the heating subsystem includes: the air source heat pump, the phase change energy storage box, the heating pipeline, the air return pipeline and the heating fan are arranged in the heat storage box; the air outlet of the phase-change energy storage box is connected with the air inlet pipeline of the air source heat pump through a heating pipeline, and the air outlet of the air source heat pump is connected with the air return inlet of the phase-change energy storage box through an air return pipeline; the heating fan is arranged on the heating pipeline or the air return pipeline and used for forcing air to flow between the phase change energy storage box and the air source heat pump during heating, when the air flows through the phase change energy storage box, the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is reversely changed (namely phase change) to release heat energy and heat the air, so that heating gas is obtained, the heating gas is mixed with outdoor air in the air inlet pipeline in proportion, and then mixed air with a set economic temperature (for example, 18-27 ℃) is supplied to the air source heat pump;
the air source heat pump is used for further heating the mixed air, one part of the heated mixed air is input into a building through an exhaust port and a pipeline for heating, and the other part of the heated mixed air is returned into the phase change energy storage box through the exhaust port, the air return pipeline and the air return port for recycling.
Furthermore, an air inlet of the air source heat pump is communicated with the outside of the building through the air inlet pipeline, and a fifth control valve (DT1) is arranged on the air inlet pipeline.
The air mixer is arranged on the air inlet pipeline (specifically in the pipeline) and between the fifth control valve and the air inlet of the air source heat pump, and an air inlet of the air mixer is connected with the heating pipeline and used for mixing the heating air with outdoor air in the air inlet pipeline.
Further, the air-conditioning system also comprises an air balancing device arranged on the air inlet pipeline, wherein the air balancing device is arranged between the air mixer and the air source heat pump and is used for further averaging mixed gas so that the temperature of the mixed gas is more uniform and consistent.
Further, the phase change energy storage unit comprises a metal pipe column; two ends of the metal pipe column are closed, a containing cavity is arranged in the metal pipe column, and phase-change materials are filled in the containing cavity;
or the phase change energy storage unit comprises a metal sphere; the metal ball is internally provided with a containing cavity which is filled with phase change materials.
Preferably, the phase-change energy storage unit comprises a metal pipe column with two side plugs and a phase-change material, wherein a small circular opening is arranged on the metal pipe column with two side plugs and is used as a filling opening for filling the phase-change material, and after the phase-change material is filled, the filling opening is welded and plugged.
Furthermore, a support frame is arranged in the phase change energy storage box, and a plurality of phase change energy storage units are layered up and down through the support frame and are arranged in the phase change energy storage box at intervals in a staggered manner.
The supporting frame can let the air evenly distributed in the phase change energy storage case when bearing and supporting a plurality of phase change energy storage units, and the air current forms the air and flows around at every phase change energy storage unit, strengthens its heat transfer effect, makes phase change energy storage unit absorb heat or release the heat more evenly simultaneously.
Further, the air mixer is a sleeve type air mixer (e.g., a jet type air mixer, a plenum type air mixer).
Further, the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 60-100 ℃. Such as crystalline hydrated salt phase change materials (excluding, but not limited to, paraffin, composite phase change materials). The phase change temperature of the phase change material is higher than the air source heat pump operation design temperature (generally the heating operation temperature is below 27 ℃), and preferably between 70 ℃ and 80 ℃.
Furthermore, a fifth temperature sensor and a sixth temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the air inlet pipeline and the front side and the rear side of the air mixer, and specifically, a fifth temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet of the air inlet pipeline; a sixth temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet of the air source heat pump;
and/or a plurality of box body temperature sensors are arranged in the phase change energy storage box (for example, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor are arranged in the phase change energy storage box at intervals from top to bottom);
and/or a seventh temperature sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the air source heat pump;
and/or a fourth temperature sensor is arranged on the air return pipeline;
and/or a collector temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet and/or an air outlet of the solar air collector (for example, an eighth temperature sensor is arranged at the air inlet).
Furthermore, a control valve body is arranged on the heating pipeline, the air return pipeline and/or the energy storage pipeline.
Further, a first node and a second node (the nodes are preferably tee joints) are also included;
the phase change energy storage box comprises a phase change energy storage box air outlet, a first node, a second node and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is communicated with the phase change energy storage box air outlet and the first node;
the energy storage pipeline comprises: the first pipeline, a third pipeline for communicating the first node with an air inlet of the solar air heat collector, the second pipeline and a fourth pipeline for communicating the second node with an air outlet of the solar air heat collector;
the heating pipeline includes: the first pipeline and a fifth pipeline are communicated with the first node and an air inlet pipeline of the air source heat pump;
the return air pipeline includes: the second pipeline, the sixth pipeline that communicates second node and the air outlet of air source heat pump.
Furthermore, an energy storage and release fan which is used as the heating fan and the energy storage fan is arranged on the first pipeline;
a first control valve is arranged on the third pipeline;
a fourth control valve is arranged on the fifth pipeline;
a second control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline;
and a third control valve is arranged on the sixth pipeline.
Further, the air source heat pump system further comprises a temperature controller (such as an existing temperature control box), wherein the temperature controller is respectively connected with the fan, the temperature sensor, the control valve and the air source heat pump.
In addition, the invention also discloses a heating method adopting the heating system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, when the temperature value in the phase-change energy storage box is lower than a set lower limit value of the phase-change material (the set lower limit value is set for a solid solidification point of the phase-change material, latent heat released in a phase-change process of converting liquid into solid is mainly used for storing energy, and solid sensible heat is basically not calculated), starting a first regulating valve to open to 100% (DT1) (used for ensuring that the air source heat pump can normally run when the temperature is lower in early morning and evening); opening the third control valve (DK3) and the fourth control valve (DK4), closing the first control valve (DK1) and the second control valve (DK 2); when the temperature T8 detected by the solar hot air heat collection plate is higher than the set lower limit value of the phase change material, the intelligent control box controls the energy storage and release fan to work and start energy storage.
S2, when energy is stored, the third control valve (DK3) and the fourth control valve (DK4) are closed, the first control valve (DK1) and the second control valve (DK2) are opened, the energy storage and release fan works, hot air heated by the solar air heat collector flows through the phase change energy storage box, and the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is changed to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air;
s3, when the temperature value in the phase change energy storage box is equal to or greater than the set upper limit value (the set upper limit value is set for the night point temperature of the phase change material, the phase change is that the latent heat stored in the phase change process of changing the solid state into the liquid state is mainly used for storing energy, and the liquid sensible heat is basically not calculated); the energy storage and release fan is closed, and the phase change energy storage box completes energy storage;
s4, when the temperature value of outdoor air is within the high-efficiency operation setting range of the air source heat pump unit and the air source sets economic temperature, the opening degree of a first regulating valve reaches 100% (DT1) (mainly used for ensuring normal operation of the air source heat pump when the temperature of the air source heat pump is relatively high in the first night), and the air source heat pump host operates normally.
S5, when the temperature value of outdoor air exceeds the high-efficiency operation set range of the air source heat pump unit, a third control valve (DK3) and a fourth control valve (DK4) are opened, the opening degree of a first adjusting valve is 100% (DT1), the first control valve (DK1) and the second control valve (DK2) are closed, and the intelligent control box controls the energy storage and release fan to work and start to release energy.
S6, when energy is stored, the energy release fan works to force air to flow between the phase change energy storage box and the air source heat pump, when the air flows through the phase change energy storage box, the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is inverted, heat energy is released and the air is heated, and then high-temperature gas (namely heating gas) is obtained; the high-temperature gas and the outdoor low-temperature air are mixed in proportion in the air mixer by controlling the opening degree of a fifth control valve and controlling an energy-releasing fan through frequency conversion, and then the mixed air with the set economic temperature is supplied to the air source heat pump;
the air source heat pump takes the mixed air as a high-temperature air heat source of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, and after energy exchange of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, part of air exhausted is returned to the phase change energy storage box through the air return pipeline and the air return opening for secondary cycle use.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage, the solar hot air heating technology and the phase-change energy storage technology are combined, the operation efficiency of the air source heat pump unit is effectively improved, the efficiency of the air source heat pump unit is effectively improved, and meanwhile the consumption and utilization of traditional energy sources are effectively reduced. The hot air generated by the solar air heat collector is utilized to store heat for the phase change material in the energy storage box, and the operation efficiency of the system is further improved when the air source heat pump system is operated at night.
Particularly, the efficient and diversified utilization of solar energy in winter in building heating is realized, clean energy heating in rural areas in the north is promoted, energy is saved, and the influence of coal-fired heating on the environment in winter is relieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot wind phase-change energy storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-solar air heat collector; 3-phase change energy storage tank; 4-a phase change energy storage unit; 5-air mixer; 6-air source heat pump; 7-sealing the heat-preservation air supply bin; 8-a support frame; 9-temperature control box; 11-double pipe type air mixer; 20-energy storage and release fan; 21-an energy storage fan; 22-a heating fan; 61-an outdoor unit; g7 — air intake line; j1-first node; j2-second node; g1 — first line; g2 — second line; g3 — third line; g4 — fourth line; g5-fifth line; g6-sixth line; DK1 — first control valve; DK2 — second control valve; DK 3-third control valve; DK 4-fourth control valve; DT 1-fifth control valve; t1 — first temperature sensor; t2 — second temperature sensor; t3 — third temperature sensor; t4 — fourth temperature sensor; t5 — fifth temperature sensor; t6-sixth temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The present invention will be further explained with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage according to this embodiment includes: an energy storage subsystem and a heating subsystem;
the energy storage subsystem includes: the system comprises a solar air heat collector 1, a phase change energy storage box 3, an energy storage pipeline and an energy storage fan 21; the solar air heat collector 1 is used for heating air flowing through by using solar energy; the solar air heat collector 1 is connected with the phase change energy storage box 3 through an energy storage pipeline; the energy storage fan 21 is arranged on the energy storage pipeline and used for forcing air to circulate between the solar air heat collector 1 and the phase change energy storage tank 3; a plurality of phase change energy storage units 4 are arranged in the phase change energy storage box 3, phase change materials are filled in the phase change energy storage units 4, hot air heated by the solar air heat collector 1 flows through the phase change energy storage box 3, and the physical state of the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage units 4 is changed (namely phase change) to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air.
The heating subsystem includes: the system comprises an air source heat pump 6, a phase change energy storage tank 3, an air mixer 5, a heating pipeline, a return air pipeline and a heating fan 22; an air outlet of the phase-change energy storage box 3 is connected with an air inlet pipeline G7 of the air source heat pump 6 through a heating pipeline, and an air outlet of the air source heat pump 6 is connected with an air return inlet of the phase-change energy storage box 3 through an air return pipeline; the heating fan 22 is arranged on the heating pipeline and used for forcing air to flow between the phase change energy storage tank 3 and the air source heat pump 6 during heating, and when the air flows through the phase change energy storage tank 3, the physical state of the phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit 4 is inverted to release heat energy and heat the air, so that heating gas is obtained; an air inlet of the air source heat pump is communicated with the outside of the building through an air inlet pipeline G7, and a fifth control valve DT1 is arranged on an air inlet pipeline G7. The opening degree of the fifth control valve is controlled or the input amount of the heating gas is controlled, so that the heating gas and the outdoor air are mixed in proportion to obtain mixed air with the set economic temperature, and then the mixed air is supplied to the air source heat pump. When the temperature of the air input into the air source heat pump is within the set economic temperature range, the working efficiency of the air source heat pump is optimal, and the power consumption is lower.
The air source heat pump 6 is used for further heating the mixed air, one part of the heated mixed air is input into a building through an exhaust port and a pipeline for heating, and the other part of the heated mixed air is returned into the phase change energy storage tank 3 through the exhaust port, an air return pipeline and an air return port for recycling.
The present embodiment further comprises a telescopic air mixer 11, the air mixer 11 is arranged in the air inlet pipeline G7 between the fifth control valve DT1 and the air inlet of the air source heat pump 6, and the air inlet of the air mixer is connected with the heating pipeline for mixing the heating air with the outdoor air in the air inlet pipeline G7. And the air-balancing device 11 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline G7, and the air-balancing device 11 is arranged between the air mixer 5 and the air source heat pump 6 and is used for further averaging mixed gas to ensure that the temperature of the mixed gas is more uniform and consistent.
The embodiment further comprises a first node J1 and a second node J2 (the nodes are preferably three-way), a first pipeline G1 for communicating an air outlet of the phase change energy storage tank 3 with the first node J1, and a second pipeline G2 for communicating an air return inlet of the phase change energy storage tank 3 with the second node J2;
the energy storage pipeline includes: a first pipe G1, a third pipe G3 communicating the first junction J1 with the air inlet of the solar air collector 1, a second pipe G2, a fourth pipe G4 communicating the second junction J2 with the air outlet of the solar air collector.
The heating pipeline includes: a first line G1, a fifth line G5 communicating between the first node J1 and the intake line G7.
The return air pipeline includes: a second line G2, a sixth line G6 communicating the second node J2 and the exhaust of the air-source heat pump 6.
The first pipeline G1 is provided with an energy storage and release fan 20 which is also used as a heating fan 22 and an energy storage fan 21; a first control valve DK1 is provided on the third line G3; a fourth control valve DK4 is provided on the fifth line G5; a second control valve DK2 is provided in the fourth line G4; a third control valve DK3 is provided in the sixth line G6.
And a fifth temperature sensor T5 and a sixth temperature sensor T6 are respectively arranged on the air inlet pipeline and the front side and the rear side of the air mixer. Specifically, a fifth temperature sensor T5 is provided at the air intake of the air intake duct G7; a sixth temperature sensor T6 is provided at the air inlet of the air-source heat pump 6. A plurality of box body temperature sensors are arranged in the phase change energy storage box 3, and specifically comprise a first temperature sensor T1, a second temperature sensor T2 and a third temperature sensor T3 which are arranged at intervals up and down; a seventh temperature sensor T7 is arranged at the air outlet of the air source heat pump 6; a fourth temperature sensor T4 is arranged on the sixth pipeline close to the second node; the air inlet of the solar air collector 1 is provided with an eighth temperature sensor T8.
Wherein, the temperature controller (temperature control box 9) is respectively connected with the fan, the temperature sensor, the control valve and the air source heat pump 6.
The phase change energy storage unit 4 comprises a metal pipe column; two ends of the metal pipe column are closed, a containing cavity is arranged in the metal pipe column, and phase-change materials are filled in the containing cavity; preferably, the phase change energy storage unit 4 is composed of a metal pipe column with two side plugs and a phase change material, a small circular opening is arranged on the metal pipe column with two side plugs and serves as a filling opening for filling the phase change material, and after the phase change material is filled, the filling opening is welded and plugged.
Be provided with support frame 8 in the phase change energy storage case 3, a plurality of phase change energy storage units 4 are through the upper and lower layering of support frame 8 and interval crisscross ground each other and are laid in phase change energy storage case 3.
The support frame 8 can let the air evenly distributed in phase change energy storage case 3 when bearing and supporting a plurality of phase change energy storage units 4, and the air current forms the air and flows around at every phase change energy storage unit 4, strengthens its heat transfer effect, makes phase change energy storage unit 4 absorb heat or release the heat more evenly simultaneously.
The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 60-100 ℃. Such as crystalline hydrated salt phase change materials (e.g., paraffin, composite phase change materials). The phase change temperature of the phase change material is higher than the design temperature for the operation of the air source heat pump 6 (the design temperature is generally below 27 ℃), preferably between 70 ℃ and 80 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, the outdoor unit 61 of the air source heat pump is disposed in the sealed heat-preserving air supply bin 7, the air inlet pipeline G7 is connected to the air inlet of the outdoor unit 61, the air outlet of the outdoor unit 61 is communicated with the sixth pipeline, and part of the discharged heated air returns to the phase change energy storage tank through the sixth pipeline. The enclosure structure of the closed heat-preservation air supply bin 7 adopts a heat-preservation structure, the outdoor unit 61 is placed in the enclosure structure, the peripheral wall protecting plate of the closed heat-preservation air supply bin 7 is preferably detachable, and air pipe connecting flanges are reserved at the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe of the outdoor unit 61.
The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage combines a solar hot air heating technology and a phase-change energy storage technology, effectively improves indoor comfort, and effectively reduces consumption and utilization of traditional energy. The phase-change material in the energy storage box is stored with heat by using hot air generated by the solar air heat collector 1, and when the air source heat pump system is operated at night, the heat source air of the air source heat pump system is preheated by using solar energy stored by the phase-change material at daytime, so that the operation efficiency of the system is improved.
Particularly, the efficient and diversified utilization of solar energy in winter in building heating is realized, clean energy heating in rural areas in the north is promoted, energy is saved, and the influence of coal-fired heating on the environment in winter is relieved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a heating method using the heating system, which includes the following steps:
s1, when the temperature value in the phase-change energy storage box is lower than a set lower limit value of the phase-change material (the set lower limit value is set for a solid solidification point of the phase-change material, latent heat released in a phase-change process of converting liquid into solid is mainly used for storing energy, and solid sensible heat is basically not calculated), a first regulating valve DT1 is opened to 100% of opening degree, so that the air source heat pump can normally operate when the temperature is lower in early morning and evening; opening the third control valve DK3 and the fourth control valve DK4 and closing the first control valve DK1 and the second control valve DK 2; when the temperature T8 detected by the solar hot air heat collection plate is higher than the set lower limit value of the phase change material, the intelligent control box controls the energy storage and release fan to work and start energy storage.
S2, when energy is stored, the third control valve DK3 and the fourth control valve DK4 are closed, the first control valve DK1 and the second control valve DK2 are opened, the energy storage and release fan works, hot air heated by the solar air heat collector flows through the phase change energy storage box, and the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is changed to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air;
s3, when the temperature value in the phase change energy storage box is equal to or greater than the set upper limit value (the set upper limit value is set for the night point temperature of the phase change material, the phase change is that the latent heat stored in the phase change process of changing the solid state into the liquid state is mainly used for storing energy, and the liquid sensible heat is basically not calculated); the energy storage and release fan is closed, and the phase change energy storage box completes energy storage;
s4, when the temperature value of outdoor air is within the high-efficiency operation setting range of the air source heat pump unit and the air source sets economic temperature, the opening degree of the first adjusting valve DT1 is 100% (mainly used for ensuring that the air source heat pump can normally operate when the temperature of the air source heat pump is relatively high in the first night), and the air source heat pump host machine normally operates.
S5, when the temperature value of outdoor air exceeds the high-efficiency operation set range of the air source heat pump unit, a third control valve DK3 and a fourth control valve DK4 are opened, the opening degree of a first adjusting valve DT1 is 100%, the first control valve DK1 and the second control valve DK2 are closed, and an intelligent control box controls an energy storage and release fan to work and start to release energy.
S6, when energy is stored, the energy release fan works to force air to flow between the phase change energy storage box and the air source heat pump, when the air flows through the phase change energy storage box, the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is inverted, heat energy is released and the air is heated, and then high-temperature gas (namely the heating gas) is obtained; the high-temperature gas and the outdoor low-temperature air are mixed in proportion in the air mixer by controlling the opening degree of a fifth control valve and controlling an energy-releasing fan through frequency conversion, and then the mixed air with the set economic temperature is supplied to the air source heat pump;
the air source heat pump takes the mixed air as a high-temperature air heat source of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, and after energy exchange of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, part of air exhausted is returned to the phase change energy storage box through the air return pipeline and the air return opening for secondary cycle use.
According to the air source heat pump heating system and method based on solar hot air phase-change energy storage, the solar hot air heating technology and the phase-change energy storage technology are combined, the operation efficiency of the air source heat pump unit is effectively improved, the efficiency of the air source heat pump unit is effectively improved, and meanwhile the consumption and utilization of traditional energy sources are effectively reduced. The hot air generated by the solar air heat collector is utilized to store heat for the phase change material in the energy storage box, and the operation efficiency of the system is further improved when the air source heat pump system is operated at night.
The first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the fourth control valve are electric switch valves, and the fifth control valve is an electric regulating valve.
For example, in winter, the air source heat pump outdoor unit 6, the variable-frequency energy storage and release fan 2, the electric switch valves DK1, DK2, DK3 and DK4 and the air source air electric regulating valve DT1 are controlled by the intelligent temperature control box 9 according to the temperature measurement and control value T1-8, and the system operation stage is divided into a daytime heat storage working condition stage and a night energy release working condition stage, so that the low-temperature air period in winter and night is ensured to efficiently heat the air source heat pump.
The air source heat pump system adopts hot air as a heating medium, after part of hot air flows through the energy storage box, the temperature rises, and the hot air is mixed with outdoor low-temperature air through the sleeve type air mixer to reach the reasonable operating temperature of the air source heat pump, so that the air source heat pump system can operate efficiently at night.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. Air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase change energy storage, its characterized in that includes: an energy storage subsystem and a heating subsystem;
the energy storage subsystem includes: the system comprises a solar air heat collector, a phase change energy storage box, an energy storage pipeline and an energy storage fan; the solar air heat collector is used for heating air flowing through by utilizing solar energy; the solar air heat collector is connected with the phase change energy storage box through the energy storage pipeline; the energy storage fan is arranged on the energy storage pipeline and used for forcing air to circulate between the solar air heat collector and the phase change energy storage box; a plurality of phase change energy storage units are distributed in the phase change energy storage box, phase change materials are filled in the phase change energy storage units, hot air heated by the solar air heat collector flows through the phase change energy storage box, and the physical state of the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage units is changed to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air;
the heating subsystem includes: the air source heat pump, the phase change energy storage box, the heating pipeline, the air return pipeline and the heating fan are arranged in the heat storage box; the air outlet of the phase-change energy storage box is connected with the air inlet pipeline of the air source heat pump through a heating pipeline, and the air outlet of the air source heat pump is connected with the air return inlet of the phase-change energy storage box through an air return pipeline; the heating fan is arranged on the heating pipeline or the air return pipeline and used for forcing air to flow between the phase change energy storage box and the air source heat pump during heating, when the air flows through the phase change energy storage box, the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is inverted to release heat energy and heat the air, so that heating gas is obtained, the heating gas is mixed with outdoor air in the air inlet pipeline in proportion, and then mixed air with set economic temperature is supplied to the air source heat pump;
the air source heat pump is used for further heating the mixed air, one part of the heated mixed air is input into a building through an exhaust port and a pipeline for heating, and the other part of the heated mixed air is returned into the phase change energy storage box through the exhaust port, the air return pipeline and the air return port for recycling.
2. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 1, wherein an air inlet of the air source heat pump is communicated with the outside of the building through an air inlet pipeline, and a fifth control valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline.
3. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 2, further comprising an air mixer, wherein the air mixer is arranged on the air inlet pipeline and between the fifth control valve and an air inlet of the air source heat pump, and an air inlet of the air mixer is connected with the heating pipeline and used for mixing the heating air with outdoor air in the air inlet pipeline.
4. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 1, further comprising an air equalizer arranged on the air inlet pipeline, wherein the air equalizer is arranged between the air mixer and the air source heat pump.
5. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-wind phase-change energy storage according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change energy storage unit comprises a metal pipe column; two ends of the metal pipe column are closed, a containing cavity is arranged in the metal pipe column, and phase-change materials are filled in the containing cavity;
or the phase change energy storage unit comprises a metal sphere; the metal ball is internally provided with a containing cavity which is filled with phase change materials.
6. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage of claim 5, wherein a support frame is arranged in the phase-change energy storage tank, and the plurality of phase-change energy storage units are layered up and down through the support frame and are arranged in the phase-change energy storage tank at intervals in a staggered manner.
7. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 1, wherein a fifth temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet of the air inlet pipeline; a sixth temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet of the air source heat pump;
and/or a plurality of box body temperature sensors are arranged in the phase change energy storage box;
and/or a seventh temperature sensor is arranged at the air outlet of the air source heat pump;
and/or a fourth temperature sensor is arranged on the air return pipeline;
and/or a heat collector temperature sensor is arranged at an air inlet and/or an air outlet of the solar air heat collector.
8. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar thermal wind phase change energy storage according to claim 1, further comprising a first node and a second node;
the phase change energy storage box comprises a phase change energy storage box air outlet, a first node, a second node and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is communicated with the phase change energy storage box air outlet and the first node;
the energy storage pipeline comprises: the first pipeline, a third pipeline for communicating the first node with an air inlet of the solar air heat collector, the second pipeline and a fourth pipeline for communicating the second node with an air outlet of the solar air heat collector;
the heating pipeline includes: the first pipeline and a fifth pipeline are communicated with the first node and an air inlet pipeline of the air source heat pump;
the return air pipeline includes: the second pipeline, the sixth pipeline that communicates second node and the air outlet of air source heat pump.
9. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 8, wherein an energy storage and release fan serving as the heating fan and the energy storage fan is arranged on the first pipeline;
a first control valve is arranged on the third pipeline;
a fourth control valve is arranged on the fifth pipeline;
a second control valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline;
and a third control valve is arranged on the sixth pipeline.
10. The air source heat pump heating system based on solar hot-air phase-change energy storage according to claim 9, further comprising a temperature controller, wherein the temperature controller is respectively connected with the fan, the temperature sensor, the control valve and the air source heat pump.
11. A heating method using the heating system according to claim 10, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, when the temperature value in the phase change energy storage box is lower than the set lower limit value of the phase change material, opening a first regulating valve (DT1) to 100%; opening the third control valve (DK3) and the fourth control valve (DK4), closing the first control valve (DK1) and the second control valve (DK 2); when the detection temperature (T8) of the solar hot air heat collection plate is higher than the set lower limit value of the phase change material, the intelligent control box controls the energy storage and release fan to work and start energy storage.
S2, when energy is stored, the third control valve (DK3) and the fourth control valve (DK4) are closed, the first control valve (DK1) and the second control valve (DK2) are opened, the energy storage and release fan works, hot air heated by the solar air heat collector flows through the phase change energy storage box, and the physical state of a phase change material in the phase change energy storage unit is changed to absorb and store heat energy in the hot air;
s3, when the temperature value in the phase change energy storage box is equal to or greater than the set upper limit value; the energy storage and release fan is closed, and the phase change energy storage box completes energy storage;
s4, when the temperature value of outdoor air is within the high-efficiency operation setting range of the air source heat pump unit and the air source sets economic temperature, the opening degree of the first regulating valve (DT1) is 100%, and the air source heat pump host operates normally.
S5, when the temperature value of outdoor air exceeds the high-efficiency operation set range of the air source heat pump unit, opening a third control valve (DK3) and a fourth control valve (DK4), enabling the opening degree of a first adjusting valve (DT1) to be 100%, closing the first control valve (DK1) and a second control valve (DK2), and enabling an intelligent control box to control an energy storage and release fan to work and start to release energy;
s6, during energy storage, an energy release fan works to force air to flow between the phase change energy storage box and the air source heat pump, and when the air flows through the phase change energy storage box, the physical state of a phase change material in a phase change energy storage unit is inverted to release heat energy and heat the air, so that high-temperature gas is obtained; the high-temperature gas and the outdoor low-temperature air are mixed in proportion in the air mixer by controlling the opening degree of a fifth control valve and controlling an energy-releasing fan through frequency conversion, and then the mixed air with the set economic temperature is supplied to the air source heat pump;
the air source heat pump takes the mixed air as a high-temperature air heat source of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, and after energy exchange of the outdoor unit of the air source heat pump host machine, part of air exhausted is returned to the phase change energy storage box through the air return pipeline and the air return opening for secondary cycle use.
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| CN115234969A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-25 | 重庆大学 | Solar heat collection heating method |
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