CN110644007A - 2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种2,3‑噻吩二甲醛缩2‑氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法及其应用。该希夫碱缓蚀剂是由2,3‑噻吩二甲醛与2‑氨基芴缩合的产物及水组成的溶液。从结构上看，该希夫碱存在较大的π‑π共轭，且含有S原子，故具有更多的活性位点，在金属表面的吸附能力更强，能在碳钢表面形成致密的缓蚀膜，从而有效的抑制碳钢的腐蚀。本发明制备简单、使用方便、绿色环保、使用范围广，制备的缓蚀剂在模拟循环水中对20#碳钢具有良好的缓蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抑制碳钢在循环冷却水中腐蚀的新型有机缓蚀剂领域，特别涉及一种2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
过去几十年来耐腐蚀合金不断发展，但其应用率仍然处于较低的水平，碳钢仍构成了工业设施设备中99％的应用率。低碳钢因其具有延展性、低拉伸强度、廉价且易于成型的特点，成为在石油、天然气、酸洗、循环冷却水系统等领域中应用最广泛的钢材。然而碳钢结构中含有非金属材料，导致碳钢容易发生腐蚀，造成资源的浪费和工业设备的巨大破坏，使设备报废。因此，为了改善碳钢腐蚀问题，科研工作者们投入了大量的精力，通过尝试各种技术来减缓碳钢的腐蚀。目前防腐技术主要有通过向环境中添加缓蚀剂、阴极保护、涂覆保护涂层、添加元素使碳钢合金化和控制微观结构。在这些方法中，添加缓蚀剂是最灵活的腐蚀控制手段，因为它具有可以在不破坏碳钢结构的情况下实现原位变化，并且可能控制内部和外部腐蚀的优点。
循环冷却水是工业用水中的用水大项，在石油化工、电力、钢铁、冶金等行业，循环冷却水的用量占企业用水总量的50-90％。由于循环冷却水中溶解的氧、存在的氯离子、硫酸根离子、微生物会引起设备管壁腐蚀穿孔，形成渗漏，影响安全生产。在设备管道中添加缓蚀剂可以在金属表面形成缓蚀膜层，从而抑制腐蚀介质对金属设备的腐蚀。因此添加缓蚀剂，成为循环冷却水防止有害离子对设备管道腐蚀的首选方法。
到目前为止，单希夫碱缓蚀剂的合成已经进行了大量的工作，双希夫碱缓蚀剂的合成及性能研究工作还有待深入进行。对比单希夫碱，双希夫碱的结构中含有两个-C＝N-基团，可引入更多的O、N、S等杂原子进入双希夫碱结构中，使之具有更多的活性位点，在碳钢表面的吸附能力更强，双希夫碱更具备成为高效缓蚀剂的可能性。本发明公开了一种2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法。所述方法是以2,3-噻吩二甲醛和2-氨基芴为原料，以冰醋酸为催化剂，经溶液法，制备2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱，再配制成2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱水溶液，即为缓蚀剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效、绿色环保、经济的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法及其应用。该缓蚀剂能在循环冷却水中吸附在20#碳钢表面，形成缓蚀膜，从而达到抑制碳钢在循环冷却水中腐蚀的作用，该缓蚀剂有望取代现有的严重污染环境的含磷缓蚀剂。
制备2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的具体步骤为：
(1)分别称取0.35～0.40g 2-氨基芴和0.10～0.16g 2,3-噻吩二甲醛溶于15～16mL无水乙醇和10～12mL无水乙醇，制得2-氨基芴乙醇溶液和2,3-噻吩二甲醛乙醇溶液；先将2-氨基芴乙醇溶液置于50mL三口烧瓶中，加入2～4滴冰醋酸作为催化剂，再加入2,3-噻吩二甲醛乙醇溶液，然后将三口烧瓶置于恒温水浴锅，匀速磁力搅拌，温度设置为45℃并进行氮气保护，反应开始后溶液由澄清逐渐变浑浊，颜色逐渐变红，最后逐渐有砖红色沉淀析出，整个反应过程用TLC点板跟踪，展开剂为体积比为1:3的乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合物，6～7小时后，点板不再有2,3-噻吩二甲醛存在，停止反应，获得含2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)所得含2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液，冷却降至室温，减压抽滤，并不断用无水乙醇淋洗滤饼，去除多余的2-氨基芴和冰醋酸，将产物进行真空干燥，制得2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱固体。
(3)将2～200mg步骤(2)制得的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱固体加入到1升的蒸馏水中搅拌溶解配制成水溶液，即为2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂。
所述2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的结构式为：
本发明的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂能够用于温度为25～55℃的循环冷却水环境中对碳钢的防腐蚀。
本发明的制备方法具有工艺简单、重复性好、绿色环保等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的红外光谱图。
图2是本发明实施例中2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的质谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例：
(1)分别称取0.3987g(2.2mmol)2-氨基芴和0.1402g(1mmol)2,3--噻吩二甲醛溶于15mL无水乙醇和10mL无水乙醇，先将2-氨基芴乙醇溶液置于50mL三口烧瓶中，加入3滴冰醋酸作为催化剂，最后加入2,3-噻吩二甲醛乙醇溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)中三口烧瓶置于恒温水浴锅，匀速磁力搅拌，温度设置为45℃并进行氮气保护，反应开始后溶液由澄清逐渐变浑浊，颜色逐渐变红，反应一段时间后有砖红色沉淀析出。整个反应过程用TLC点板跟踪，展开剂为乙酸乙酯(EA)和石油醚(PE)，EA:PE的体积比为1:3。7小时后，点板不再有2,3-噻吩二甲醛存在，停止反应，获得含2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液。
(3)将步骤(2)含有2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液，自然冷却降至室温，减压抽滤，并不断用无水乙醇淋洗滤饼，去除多余的2-氨基芴和冰醋酸，将产物进行真空干燥，得0.42g 2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱红褐色粉末，收率为79％，m.p.为291.6～292.8℃；
(4)将质量为2g的步骤(3)制得的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱加入到1升的蒸馏水中搅拌溶解配制成水溶液，即为2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂。
采用VECTOR22型红外光谱仪，采用KBr压片，对所合成的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱在4000～500cm-1范围内扫描，进行红外光谱结构表征。在附图1中，2880～2650cm-1处醛基中νC-H的特征峰、1670cm-1处醛基νC＝O的特征峰、3357～3200cm-1处氨基中νN-H特征峰均消失。而在1635cm-1处出现了的νC＝N的伸缩振动。这说明有碳氮双键生成，即合成了2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱。
采用Bruker Solarix XR FTMS质谱分析仪对所合成的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱进行质谱分析。在附图2中，准分子离子峰[M+H]+为467.15774，推测其相对分子质量为466.15774，理论值为466。表明测试结果与目标产物的相对分子质量相吻合。
对实施例的缓蚀剂产品的评价结果：
缓蚀实验采用失重法，腐蚀失重实验选用尺寸为3.0cm×1.0cm×0.3cm的20#碳钢挂片，实验前碳钢试样均用400，800，1200号金相砂纸打磨，用蒸馏水冲洗，放入无水乙醇中超声波震荡脱水，再经丙酮脱脂后，用冷风吹干，用熔融石腊密封非工作面，滤纸包好，放入干燥器中干燥4h。测试前要测量其尺寸，并求出其表面积。依据美国材料试验协会采用的标准，配制模拟循环冷却水。
实验时取干燥备用的3组实验20#碳钢试样在分析天平上准确称量，将处理过的碳钢片浸泡在不添加和添加不同浓度分别为5×10-6mol/L、1×10-5mol/L、5×10-5mol、1×10- 4mol/L、5×10-4mol/L2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的50mL模拟循环冷却水溶液中，25℃下浸泡4h。然后取出碳钢试样，用蒸馏水冲洗，乙醇中脱水，丙酮中脱脂，干燥4h后称重。平行试验三次，平均重量损失ΔW(g)按下式计算：
Aw＝W0-W1
式中W0和W1分别是浸泡前后样品的平均重量。
腐蚀速率(A)、表面覆盖率(θ)、缓蚀剂缓蚀率(ηW％)按下列公式计算：
式中，ΔW为浸泡前后碳钢试样的质量差(g)，S是碳钢试样的浸泡总面积(cm2)，t为浸泡时间(h)；A0 corr和Acorr为碳钢在不添加和添加缓蚀剂的循环冷却水中的腐蚀速率(g·cm-2·h-1)。
对实施例的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱自主装在碳钢表面在模拟循环冷却水的评价结果见表1。
表1对实施例的缓蚀剂常温常压条件下评价
Claims (2)
1.一种2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
（1）分别称取0.35~0.40 g 2-氨基芴和0.10~0.16 g 2,3-噻吩二甲醛溶于15~16 mL无水乙醇和10~12 mL无水乙醇，制得2-氨基芴乙醇溶液和2,3-噻吩二甲醛乙醇溶液；先将2-氨基芴乙醇溶液置于50 mL三口烧瓶中，加入2~4滴冰醋酸作为催化剂，再加入2,3-噻吩二甲醛乙醇溶液，然后将三口烧瓶置于恒温水浴锅，匀速磁力搅拌，温度设置为45℃并进行氮气保护，反应开始后溶液由澄清逐渐变浑浊，颜色逐渐变红，最后逐渐有砖红色沉淀析出，整个反应过程用TLC点板跟踪，展开剂为体积比为1:3的乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合物，6~7小时后，点板不再有2,3-噻吩二甲醛存在，停止反应，获得含2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液；
（2）将步骤（1）所得含2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的溶液，冷却降至室温，减压抽滤，并不断用无水乙醇淋洗滤饼，去除多余的2-氨基芴和冰醋酸，将产物进行真空干燥，制得2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱固体；
（3）将2 ~200 mg步骤（2）制得的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱固体加入到1升的蒸馏水中搅拌溶解配制成水溶液，即为2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂；
所述2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱的结构式为：
2.一种如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂的应用，其特征在于所述2,3-噻吩二甲醛缩2-氨基芴希夫碱缓蚀剂应用于温度为25~55℃的循环冷却水环境中对碳钢的防腐蚀。
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