CN110643594A - Microbial slow-release cake for sewage treatment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial slow-release cake for sewage treatment and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/341—Consortia of bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment and a preparation method thereof. The microbial slow-release cake provided by the invention is prepared by putting microbial preparation particles, nutrient particles, microbial carrier particles, cement, pure water, talcum powder and magnesium stearate into a mixer, mixing for 10-20 min, putting the mixture into a cake press after uniform mixing, pressing into a circular microbial slow-release cake with the diameter of 5-15 cm, and ventilating the formed microbial slow-release cakeAnd placing the round cake in the air of a shady and cool environment for 2 days until the strength of the round cake reaches the requirement after the cement is solidified. Experimental results show that the microbial slow-release cake prepared by the method provided by the invention has the microbial number of 1010CFU/g, COD degradation rate of the sewage system is improved by 9.03%, and ammonia nitrogen degradation rate is improved by 19.03%. The microbial slow-release cake prepared by the technology has the characteristics of high viable count, long preservation time, long application time, low loss rate, strong adaptability, low cost and the like, can obviously reduce the production and application cost of microbes, improve the survival rate of beneficial microbes in a sewage system, enhance the adaptability and activity of the microbes, and achieve the aim of purifying water quality for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment and a preparation method thereof.
Background
For a long time, China is the first big world, and the first environmental problem caused by a large population is the increase of the discharge amount of sewage in society, which seriously influences the quality of life and the construction work of ecological environment of the people in China. Along with the increase of sewage discharge, the treatment rate approaches to saturation, the phenomena of stealing, draining, leaking and discharging sometimes occur, the water body pollution in a larger range is caused, and the survival safety of human beings is greatly threatened. The current sewage treatment technologies are various in variety, wherein the role of microorganisms as decomposers in the material circulation process of the earth ecosystem is utilized to become the mainstream technology of the current sewage treatment, and the characteristics of economy, safety and sustainability of the technology have important significance for improving the water environment and repairing the water body.
The microbial treatment technology degrades and removes pollutants in the environment through the natural metabolic process of bacteria, fungi and cell free enzymes, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying sewage and having the advantages of low consumption, high efficiency, environmental safety and the like. The key point is that the beneficial microorganisms form dominant flora for a long time and keep the adaptability of harmony with the water body. In long-term practice, the main defects of microbial water purification include high microbial loss rate, easy loss along with water, poor adaptability, high requirement on water environment, high management difficulty and difficult effective control. Therefore, in order to promote the application of microorganisms in water treatment in a large area, the retention time of the microorganisms in sewage needs to be increased, the adaptability and activity of the microorganisms to pollutants are improved, and the self-reproduction capability of the microorganisms is enhanced. Therefore, the improvement of the number of microorganisms per unit area, the prolongation of the retention time of advantageous beneficial microorganisms, the enhancement of the adaptability and activity of microorganisms, and the improvement of the self-reproduction capacity of microorganisms become the key for the development of the microbial sewage treatment technology.
In summary, the existing microbial sewage treatment technology has the problems of insufficient number of beneficial microbes, high loss rate, poor adaptability, low activity and the like, and needs to continuously monitor the water body to prevent the inactivation and deletion of microbes in the sewage, but is limited to the water body pollution source which is fast in change and difficult to effectively control; when the microorganisms are in full contact with the sewage, the temperature, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen, the pollutant concentration, the sewage amount and the like of the sewage also have great influence on the activity of the microorganisms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of short preservation time, low survival rate, short application time, high loss rate, poor adaptability and the like of a microbial preparation, and provides a microbial slow-release cake with high strain content, long preservation time, long application time and low cost and a preparation method thereof for the microbial preparation so as to ensure that the microbial slow-release cake has higher viable count and longer application time in sewage treatment application.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-50% of microbial preparation particles, 10-20% of nutrient particles, 20-35% of microbial carrier particles, 15-25% of cement, 10-15% of pure water, 1-5% of talcum powder and 0.5-3% of magnesium stearate;
the preparation method of the microbial slow-release cake for sewage treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the microbial preparation particles, the nutrient particles, the microbial carrier particles, the cement, the pure water, the talcum powder and the magnesium stearate into a mixer, mixing for 10-20 min, uniformly mixing, putting into a cake press, pressing into a circular microbial slow-release cake with the diameter of 5-15 cm, placing the formed microbial slow-release cake in ventilated and cool ambient air for 2d, and enabling the strength of the circular cake to meet the requirement after the cement is solidified.
The microbial preparation particles comprise bacillus megatherium, bacillus subtilis, paracoccus denitrificans and a solid matrix, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus megatherium, bacillus subtilis and paracoccus denitrificans bacterial liquid to the solid matrix is (0.5-1.5): 1.
the viable bacteria ratio of bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis and paracoccus denitrificans in the microbial preparation particles is (1-2): (0.5-1.5): (1.5 to 3).
The solid matrix is a mixture of bran and volcanic rock, wherein the mass ratio of the bran to the volcanic rock is (0.5-1.5): 1, the volcanic rock is porous natural ore, and the size of the bran and the volcanic rock is 10-80 meshes.
The preparation method of the microbial preparation particles comprises the following steps:
step 1: activating, seed culturing and liquid fermenting the bacillus megaterium, uniformly mixing the bacillus megaterium with a solid substrate, and drying after secondary fermentation to prepare bacillus megaterium powder;
step 2: activating bacillus subtilis, culturing seeds, performing liquid fermentation, uniformly mixing the bacillus subtilis and a solid matrix, performing secondary fermentation, and drying to obtain bacillus subtilis powder;
and step 3: activating paracoccus denitrificans, culturing seeds, performing liquid fermentation, uniformly mixing with a solid matrix, performing secondary fermentation, and drying to obtain paracoccus denitrificans powder;
and 4, step 4: mixing bacillus megatherium powder, bacillus subtilis powder and paracoccus denitrificans powder, and preparing microbial preparation particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm by using a dry granulator.
The nutrient body particles comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25-45% of protein powder, 35-55% of corn flour, 5-10% of sodium acetate, 2-5% of zinc sulfate, 2-6% of manganese sulfate and 3-6% of monopotassium phosphate, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then are prepared into 2-3 mm nutrient granules by a dry granulator.
The microbial carrier particles comprise at least one of volcanic rock, zeolite and medical stone, and the particle size of the microbial carrier particles is 2-3 mm.
The cement is Portland cement in a powdery state.
The preparation of the microbial slow-release cake combines liquid fermentation and solid matrix secondary fermentation to obtain immobilized microbial powder with higher viable count, and the immobilized microbial powder is secondarily coupled with nutrient bodies, microbial carriers and other auxiliary materials, and is tabletted to prepare cakes to realize long-acting preservation and application of the microbial agent. 3 microorganisms in the microorganism slow-release cake have strong degradation capability on COD, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, can regulate and control beneficial dominant flora structures, and efficiently degrade organic pollutants in sewage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the immobilized microorganisms prepared by secondary fermentation are coupled with nutrient particles, microorganism carrier particles, cement, talcum powder, magnesium stearate and the like, and the microorganism slow-release cake with high viable count, long preservation time, long application time and low cost is prepared by the technology, so that the production and application cost of the microorganisms is reduced, the survival rate of the microorganisms is improved, the application time is prolonged, and the purpose of purifying water for a long time is achieved.
Experimental results show that the microbial slow-release cake prepared by the method provided by the invention has the number of microorganisms up to 1010CFU/g, the application time is up to 1 year, the COD degradation capability of a sewage system is improved by more than 20%, and the ammonia nitrogen degradation capability is improved by more than 25%.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1
The microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35kg of microbial preparation particles, 10kg of nutrient particles, 25kg of microbial carrier particles, 15kg of cement, 13kg of pure water, 1kg of talcum powder and 1kg of magnesium stearate;
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of microbial preparation granules
(1) Preparation of the culture Medium
Activating a culture medium: 5g of yeast extract, 10g of tryptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar powder, 1L of distilled water and NaOH to adjust the pH value to 7.0, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Seed culture medium: 5.0g of glucose, 0.25g of ammonium sulfate, 1.0g of sodium chloride, 0.2g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1000ml of water and NaOH for adjusting the pH value to 7.5, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Liquid fermentation medium: 5.0g of glucose, 3g of corn flour, 0.25g of ammonium sulfate, 1.0g of sodium chloride, 0.2g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2g of calcium carbonate and 1000ml of water, and carrying out autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Solid matrix: the solid matrix is a mixture of bran and vesuvianite, wherein the mass ratio of the bran to the vesuvianite is 1:1, the vesuvianite is porous natural ore, and the sizes of the bran and the vesuvianite are both 20 meshes.
(2) Preparation of microbial powder
Inoculating bacillus megatherium, bacillus subtilis and paracoccus denitrificans on an activation culture medium, and culturing in an incubator at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an activated strain; respectively selecting three bacteria, inoculating the three bacteria in a triangular flask filled with a seed culture medium, and culturing in a constant temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a seed culture solution; inoculating the seed culture solution into liquid fermentation culture medium at a ratio of 3%, and culturing at 30 deg.C, ventilation rate of 8L/min, tank pressure of 0.15Mpa, and stirring speed of 220 rpm for 24 hr to obtain bacterial solution of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Paracoccus denitrificans. Mixing the bacterial liquid with the solid matrix according to the ratio of 1.2: 1, placing the mixture in an incubator at 30 ℃ for culturing for 24 hours, and drying the mixture at 45 ℃ for 4 hours after secondary fermentation to obtain the bacterial powder.
Mixing Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus subtilis powder and Paracoccus denitrificus powder according to the ratio of 1:1:2, and making into 3mm microbial preparation granules by using a dry granulating machine.
2. Preparation of nutrient granules
The nutrient particles comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of protein powder, 50kg of corn flour, 10kg of sodium acetate, 2.5kg of zinc sulfate, 2.5kg of manganese sulfate and 5kg of monopotassium phosphate. The raw materials are uniformly mixed and then are made into nutrient granules with the diameter of 3mm by a dry granulator.
3. Preparation of microbial sustained-release cake
Putting 35kg of microbial preparation particles, 10kg of nutrient particles, 25kg of microbial carrier particles, 15kg of powdery portland cement, 1kg of talcum powder and 1kg of magnesium stearate into a mixer for uniform mixing, adding 13kg of pure water into the mixture for mixing for 20min, putting the mixture into a cake press after uniform mixing, pressing into a circular microbial slow-release cake with the diameter of 10cm, placing the formed microbial slow-release cake in ventilated and shady and cool ambient air for 2d, and enabling the strength of the cake to meet the requirement after the cement is solidified.
Example 2
The microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30kg of microbial preparation particles, 15kg of nutrient particles, 20kg of microbial carrier particles, 20kg of cement, 10kg of pure water, 3kg of talcum powder and 2kg of magnesium stearate;
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a microorganism slow-release cake for sewage treatment, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of microbial preparation granules
(1) Preparation of the culture Medium
Activating a culture medium: 5g of yeast extract, 10g of tryptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 20g of agar powder, 1L of distilled water and NaOH to adjust the pH value to 7.0, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Seed culture medium: 5.0g of glucose, 0.25g of ammonium sulfate, 1.0g of sodium chloride, 0.2g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1000ml of water and NaOH for adjusting the pH value to 7.5, and autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Liquid fermentation medium: 5.0g of glucose, 3g of corn flour, 0.25g of ammonium sulfate, 1.0g of sodium chloride, 0.2g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2g of calcium carbonate and 1000ml of water, and carrying out autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
Solid matrix: the solid matrix is a mixture of bran and vesuvianite, wherein the mass ratio of the bran to the vesuvianite is 0.8:1, the vesuvianite is porous natural ore, and the sizes of the bran and the vesuvianite are both 30 meshes.
(2) Preparation of microbial powder
Inoculating bacillus megatherium, bacillus subtilis and paracoccus denitrificans on an activation culture medium, and culturing in an incubator at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain an activated strain; respectively selecting three bacteria, inoculating the three bacteria in a triangular flask filled with a seed culture medium, and culturing in a constant temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a seed culture solution; inoculating the seed culture solution into liquid fermentation culture medium at a ratio of 3%, and culturing at 30 deg.C, ventilation rate of 8L/min, tank pressure of 0.15Mpa, and stirring speed of 220 rpm for 24 hr to obtain bacterial solution of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Paracoccus denitrificans. Mixing the bacterial liquid and the solid matrix according to the proportion of 1:1, placing the mixture in an incubator at 30 ℃ for culturing for 24 hours, and drying the mixture at 45 ℃ for 4 hours after secondary fermentation to obtain the bacterial powder.
Mixing Bacillus megaterium powder, Bacillus subtilis powder and Paracoccus denitrificus powder according to the ratio of 2:1:2, and making into 3mm microbial preparation granules by using a dry granulating machine.
2. Preparation of nutrient granules
The nutrient particles comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35kg of protein powder, 45kg of corn flour, 5kg of sodium acetate, 5kg of zinc sulfate, 5kg of manganese sulfate and 5kg of monopotassium phosphate. The raw materials are uniformly mixed and then are made into nutrient granules with the diameter of 3mm by a dry granulator.
3. Preparation of microbial sustained-release cake
30kg of microbial preparation particles, 15kg of nutrient particles, 20kg of microbial carrier particles, 20kg of powdery portland cement, 3kg of talcum powder and 3kg of magnesium stearate are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, 10kg of pure water is added into the mixture to be mixed for 15min, the mixture is placed into a cake press to be pressed into a circular microbial slow-release cake with the diameter of 5cm after being uniformly mixed, the formed microbial slow-release cake is placed in ventilated and shady environment air for 2d, and the strength of the cake reaches the requirement after the cement is solidified.
An experiment for sewage treatment application was conducted using the microorganism-sustained-release cake for sewage treatment prepared in example 1 as a representative.
The method for measuring the pH, COD and ammonia nitrogen of a water sample by adopting the inlet water of an aerobic tank and the activated sludge of the aerobic tank of a certain landfill leachate treatment plant comprises the following steps:
pH: glass electrode method (GB 6920-86);
CODcr-dichromate process (GB 11914-89);
ammonia nitrogen: nalmer colorimetry (GB 7479-87).
The water inlet data of the aerobic tank is determined as follows (11 months and 1 day in 2018):
TABLE 1 aerobic tank water intake data
The experiment was carried out in a simulated reactor, the protocol being designed as follows:
blank control group (hereinafter referred to as control group): feeding water into the aerobic tank and adding activated sludge;
example 1 test group (hereinafter referred to simply as test group): aerobic tank influent + activated sludge + microbial slow release cake of example 1.
The microorganism slow-release cake in the example 1 is counted by a dilution coating counting method, the number of the microorganisms reaches 5.8 x 1010CFU/g, and the microorganism slow-release cake in the example 1 is added into a test group according to the dosage of 20mg/L-80 mg/L.
The COD and ammonia nitrogen results of the test effluent are shown in the table 2, and the determination starting time is 11 months and 1 day in 2018.
Table 2 experimental effluent COD and ammonia nitrogen data
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the test group added with the microorganism in the embodiment 1 has higher content of the microorganism, can release the microorganism for a long time, has obviously higher degradation capability on COD and ammonia nitrogen than a control group, has better water outlet data, and can meet the water outlet requirement.
As shown in figure 1 (COD effluent data are plotted in Table 2), the COD of the effluent of the test group added with the microorganism slow-release cake of the example 1 is obviously lower than that of the control group. The average COD concentration of the effluent of the test group is 123.98mg/L, the average COD concentration of the effluent of the blank control group is 75.46mg/L, the COD of the effluent of the test group added with the microbial slow-release cake in the embodiment 1 is obviously lower than that of the control group, the synergistic amplitude reaches 41 percent, and the microbial slow-release cake in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the capability of the system for degrading COD in wastewater.
As shown in figure 2 (drawing ammonia nitrogen effluent data in Table 2), the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of the test group added with the microorganism slow-release cake in the example 1 is obviously lower than that in the effluent of the control group. The average ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the test group is 39.38mg/L, the average ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the blank control group is 23.20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the test group added with the microbial slow-release cake in the embodiment 1 is obviously lower than that of the control group, the synergistic effect amplitude reaches 39%, and the microbial slow-release cake in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the capability of a system for degrading ammonia nitrogen in wastewater.
The above description is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is provided for the purpose of illustrating the inventive concept, and the details thereof that are not specifically mentioned are within the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art. The protection scope of the present invention is subject to the content of the claims, and any insubstantial modifications of the present invention using this idea shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The microbial slow-release cake for sewage treatment is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50% of microbial preparation particles, 10-20% of nutrient particles, 20-35% of microbial carrier particles, 15-25% of cement, 10-15% of pure water, 1-5% of talcum powder and 0.5-3% of magnesium stearate;
the preparation method of the microbial slow-release cake for sewage treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the microbial preparation particles, the nutrient particles, the microbial carrier particles, the cement, the pure water, the talcum powder and the magnesium stearate into a mixer, mixing for 10-20 min, uniformly mixing, putting into a cake press, pressing into a circular microbial slow-release cake with the diameter of 5-15 cm, placing the formed microbial slow-release cake in ventilated and cool ambient air for 2d, and enabling the strength of the circular cake to meet the requirement after the cement is solidified.
2. The microbial slow-release cake according to claim 1, wherein the microbial preparation particles comprise bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis, paracoccus denitrificans and a solid substrate, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus subtilis and the paracoccus denitrificans to the solid substrate is (0.5-1.5): 1.
3. the microbial sustained-release cake according to claim 2, wherein the viable count ratio of bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis and paracoccus denitrificans in the microbial preparation particles is (1-2): (0.5-1.5): (1.5 to 3).
4. The microbial slow-release cake according to claim 2, wherein the solid matrix is a mixture of bran and volcanic rock, the mass ratio of the bran to the volcanic rock is (0.5-1.5): 1, the volcanic rock is a porous natural ore, and the size of the bran and the volcanic rock is 10-80 meshes.
5. The microbial slow-release cake according to claim 1-5, wherein the preparation method of the microbial preparation particles comprises the following steps:
step 1: activating, seed culturing and liquid fermenting the bacillus megaterium, uniformly mixing the bacillus megaterium with a solid substrate, and drying after secondary fermentation to prepare bacillus megaterium powder;
step 2: activating bacillus subtilis, culturing seeds, performing liquid fermentation, uniformly mixing the bacillus subtilis and a solid matrix, performing secondary fermentation, and drying to obtain bacillus subtilis powder;
and step 3: activating paracoccus denitrificans, culturing seeds, performing liquid fermentation, uniformly mixing with a solid matrix, performing secondary fermentation, and drying to obtain paracoccus denitrificans powder;
and 4, step 4: mixing bacillus megatherium powder, bacillus subtilis powder and paracoccus denitrificans powder, and preparing microbial preparation particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm by using a dry granulator.
6. The microbial delayed-release cake of claim 1, wherein the nutrient granules comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25-45% of protein powder, 35-55% of corn flour, 5-10% of sodium acetate, 2-5% of zinc sulfate, 2-6% of manganese sulfate and 3-6% of monopotassium phosphate, wherein the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then are prepared into 2-3 mm nutrient granules by a dry granulator.
7. The microbial sustained-release cake according to claim 1, wherein the microbial carrier particles comprise at least one of volcanic rock, zeolite and medical stone, and the particle size of the microbial carrier particles is 2-3 mm.
8. The microbial controlled-release cake of claim 1, wherein the cement is portland cement in a powdered state.
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Application publication date: 20200103 |