CN110642481B - Domestic sewage integrated treatment system suitable for villages and its treatment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统,包括进料固液分离单元,进料固液分离单元上设有进料口并用于与污水进水管道相连;在进料固液分离单元的一侧下部对应位置设有厌氧处理单元,且厌氧处理单元进水端与进料固液分离单元的出水端相连;正对厌氧处理单元上方设有垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地,且厌氧处理单元出水端与垂直潜流型人工湿地进水端之间通过管道和设置在管道上的抽吸装置相连,并且垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连。本发明还公开了一种适用于村庄的生活污水处理方法;本发明具有能够提高污水处理质量的优点。
The invention discloses a domestic sewage integrated treatment system suitable for villages. There is an anaerobic treatment unit at the corresponding position at the lower part of one side of the unit, and the inlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit is connected with the outlet end of the solid-liquid separation unit of the feed; there is a vertical submerged constructed wetland and a horizontal The subsurface flow constructed wetland, and the outlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit and the inlet end of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland are connected by a pipeline and a suction device arranged on the pipeline, and the outlet end of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland is connected with the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland Connected to the water inlet. The invention also discloses a domestic sewage treatment method suitable for villages; the invention has the advantage of improving the quality of sewage treatment.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环保技术领域中的污水处理技术领域,具体涉及适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统及其处理方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment in the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a domestic sewage integrated treatment system suitable for villages and a treatment method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济社会发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国城镇化进程不断加速,但农村人口数量多,农村地区的用水量也不断增加,排放总量大,有报告显示预计到2020年我国农村污水排放总量可达到近300亿吨。城市地区人口集中,污水可统一收集运输至污水处理厂进行处理,但该方式涉及大量的收集管网,在人口居住分散、生活污水量少的农村地区并不适用。农村分散式污水具有来源分散、排放量小、污水水质水量变化大等特点,由于氨氮及有机物含量偏高若直接排放容易导致河流湖泊的富营养化。部分未经处理的农村生活污水随意排放,造成了各类污染事故的发生,不仅危害了农村良好的生态环境,更有可能威胁到农村人口的饮用水源安全,因此利用现有污水处理技术,对农村分散式污水进行治理已迫在眉睫。“厕所革命”的核心是粪污处理,推进粪污的无害化处理和资源化利用。With the economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards, the process of urbanization in my country is accelerating, but the number of rural population is large, the water consumption in rural areas is also increasing, and the total amount of discharge is large. According to reports, it is estimated that by 2020, my country's rural sewage discharge The total amount can reach nearly 30 billion tons. In urban areas where the population is concentrated, sewage can be collected and transported to a sewage treatment plant for treatment. However, this method involves a large number of collection pipe networks and is not applicable in rural areas where the population is scattered and the amount of domestic sewage is small. Distributed rural sewage has the characteristics of scattered sources, small discharge, and large changes in sewage quality and quantity. Due to the high content of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter, direct discharge will easily lead to eutrophication of rivers and lakes. Some untreated rural domestic sewage is discharged at will, causing various pollution accidents, which not only endangers the good rural ecological environment, but also threatens the safety of drinking water sources for the rural population. Therefore, using the existing sewage treatment technology, The treatment of rural decentralized sewage is imminent. The core of the "toilet revolution" is manure treatment, promoting the harmless treatment and resource utilization of manure.
农村生活污水的处理技术虽形式多样、工艺成熟,但只有因地制宜的污水处理技术才能真正达到控制农村水污染的目的。农村污水主要有以下几个特点:①相对分散、水量较小。一般农村农户居住较为分散,单户人数相对少,产生的生活污水量也较小,生活污水中污染物的浓度也较低。②变化系数大。村民的生活规律较为一致,污水的排放量早上、中午、晚上时段比白天其他时段大,夜间的排水量小,甚至可能出现断流的情况,具有变化幅度大、不连续的特点。③收集较为困难。农村地区生活污水排放较为分散,大部分没有排水管网,收集难度大。④农村地区技术经济基础薄弱,缺乏资金和专业技术人员,难以保证污水处理设施的日常运行与维护。农村生活污水的这些特点,导致其规范化治理困难重重,目前全国仅有不到10%的建制村生活污水得到处理,处理率低,亟待改善,且大部分农村离城镇较远建设污水管网会花费巨大的资金。Although the treatment technology of rural domestic sewage has various forms and mature technology, only the sewage treatment technology according to local conditions can truly achieve the purpose of controlling rural water pollution. Rural sewage mainly has the following characteristics: ① Relatively scattered and small in water volume. Generally, rural households live in scattered areas, with a relatively small number of people in a single household. The amount of domestic sewage produced is also small, and the concentration of pollutants in domestic sewage is also low. ②The coefficient of variation is large. The villagers' living laws are relatively consistent. The discharge of sewage is larger in the morning, noon and evening than in other periods of the day, and the discharge at night is small, and even the flow may be cut off, which has the characteristics of large variation and discontinuity. ③ It is difficult to collect. Discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas is relatively scattered, and most of them do not have a drainage network, making it difficult to collect. ④The technical and economic foundation of rural areas is weak, lack of funds and professional and technical personnel, and it is difficult to ensure the daily operation and maintenance of sewage treatment facilities. These characteristics of rural domestic sewage make it difficult to standardize its treatment. At present, less than 10% of the domestic sewage in the organic villages in the country has been treated. The treatment rate is low and needs to be improved urgently. Most of the rural areas are far from cities and towns. Spend huge sums of money.
《农村人居环境整治三年行动方案》提出,加强人口聚集区、中心集镇、生态功能区等区域的处理设施和管道建设,根据区域位置、人口居住聚集程度等实际情况,因地制宜推广四种模式:一是纳入城镇污水管网治理模式,主要针对人口分布相对集中、管网建设较为完善的建制镇,通过延伸排污管道,将集镇周边距离较近的村庄生活污水纳入管网统一处理。二是联户治理模式,主要针对人口相对较多且集中分布、距离集镇较远的村组,以整村、整组或数十户农户为单元,铺设区域排污管道,通过污水处理一体化设备等方式,处理农村生活污水。三是单户治理模式,主要针对人口相对较少且分布较为分散的偏远村庄,建设污水处理设施处理单一农户生活污水。四是人工湿地污水处理模式,结合农田灌溉、生态保护修复和环境景观建设,推进污水资源化利用,实现生活污水治理与生态农业发展、农村生态文明建设的多赢。The "Three-Year Action Plan for the Improvement of Rural Human Settlements" proposes to strengthen the construction of treatment facilities and pipelines in areas such as population gathering areas, central market towns, and ecological function areas, and promote four models according to local conditions according to the actual situation such as the location of the area and the degree of population living and concentration. : First, it is incorporated into the urban sewage pipe network management model, mainly for the towns with relatively concentrated population distribution and relatively complete pipe network construction. The second is the joint household governance model, which is mainly aimed at villages and groups with relatively large populations that are centrally distributed and far away from market towns. The whole village, the whole group or dozens of households are used as units to lay regional sewage pipes and pass the integrated sewage treatment equipment. and other methods to treat rural domestic sewage. The third is the single-family governance model, which is mainly aimed at remote villages with relatively small populations and scattered distribution, and the construction of sewage treatment facilities to treat the domestic sewage of a single farmer. Fourth, the constructed wetland sewage treatment model, combined with farmland irrigation, ecological protection and restoration and environmental landscape construction, promotes the utilization of sewage resources, and realizes the multi-win of domestic sewage treatment, ecological agriculture development, and rural ecological civilization construction.
中国专利申请(CN105481203A)公开了一种生活污水处理系统,该专利申请公开的技术方案中,是采用在预沉池上的与污水收集管出口端对应的位置以及在预沉池上的与溢流管进口端对应的位置设置栅格进行固液分离的,这种固液分离的结构不能很好的将固液进行分离,分离后的固体部分仍然会携带大量的液体成分,大大的降低了污水处理能力。中国专利(CN204939208U)公开了一种循环型生活污水净化系统,该专利技术中,采用管道将经厌氧处理后的污水均布在人工湿地下端,结构相对复杂并且污水分布不够均匀,致使人工湿地不能够很好地发挥净化污水的效果。并且上述技术中,污水经厌氧处理后是呈无氧或厌氧状态被送入人工湿地进行处理,此时人工湿地无法高效彻底的对污水进行(吸附、氧化还原、微生物分解、养分吸收等)处理。Chinese patent application (CN105481203A) discloses a domestic sewage treatment system. In the technical solution disclosed in the patent application, the position corresponding to the outlet end of the sewage collection pipe on the pre-sedimentation tank and the overflow pipe on the pre-sedimentation tank are used. A grid is set at the corresponding position of the inlet end for solid-liquid separation. This structure of solid-liquid separation cannot separate solid-liquid well, and the separated solid part will still carry a large amount of liquid components, which greatly reduces sewage treatment. ability. Chinese patent (CN204939208U) discloses a circulating domestic sewage purification system. In the patented technology, the sewage after anaerobic treatment is evenly distributed on the lower end of the constructed wetland by using pipes. The structure is relatively complex and the sewage distribution is not uniform enough, resulting in the artificial wetland. The effect of purifying sewage can not be well exerted. And in the above technology, the sewage is anaerobic or anaerobic and sent to the constructed wetland for treatment. )deal with.
因此,怎样才能够提供一种结构更加紧凑,能够提高污水处理质量,提高污水处理能力,能够更好的将村庄生活污水中污泥和粪污进行分离的适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统及其处理方法,成为本领域技术人员有待解决的技术问题。Therefore, how can we provide a more compact structure, can improve the quality of sewage treatment, improve the sewage treatment capacity, and can better separate the sludge and feces in the village domestic sewage. And the processing method thereof has become a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是:如何提供一种结构更加紧凑,能够提高污水处理效果,提高污水处理能力的适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统及其处理方法。In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a domestic sewage integrated treatment system and its treatment method suitable for villages with a more compact structure, which can improve the sewage treatment effect and improve the sewage treatment capacity. .
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统,包括进料固液分离单元,进料固液分离单元上设有进料口并用于与污水进水管道相连;其特征在于,在进料固液分离单元的一侧下部对应位置设有厌氧处理单元,且厌氧处理单元进水端与进料固液分离单元的出水端相连,厌氧处理单元内设置有填料;正对厌氧处理单元上方设有垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地,垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地各自内装有填料且栽种有植物,且厌氧处理单元出水端与垂直潜流型人工湿地进水端之间通过管道和设置在管道上的抽吸装置相连,并且垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连,且在水平潜流型人工湿地上设有出水端用于出水。A domestic sewage integrated treatment system suitable for villages, comprising a feed solid-liquid separation unit, the feed solid-liquid separation unit is provided with a feed port and is used for connecting with a sewage water inlet pipeline; An anaerobic treatment unit is arranged at the lower part of one side of the liquid separation unit, and the water inlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit is connected to the water outlet end of the solid-liquid separation unit of the feed, and packing is arranged in the anaerobic treatment unit; Above the unit are vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. The vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and the horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands are each filled with fillers and plants are planted, and the water outlet of the anaerobic treatment unit is connected to the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The water ends are connected with the suction device arranged on the pipeline through the pipeline, and the water outlet end of the vertical submerged flow constructed wetland is connected with the water inlet end of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. out of water.
这样,上述的生活污水一体化处理系统工作时,村庄的生活污水被收集后,从污水进水管依次流入到进料固液分离单元、厌氧处理单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地;进料固液分离单元能够对生活污水中的固体成分和液体成分进行分离,使得被分离出来的污水继续进入到厌氧处理单元,厌氧处理单元对污水进行处理时,使污水中复杂的有机物被降解、转化为简单的有机物,去除生活污水中的有机污染物、病原菌和部分氮、磷;之后再流入垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地进行处理。人工湿地处理时,内装的填料能够供生物细菌着床,能够对污染物进行吸附、滞留、过滤、氧化还原、沉淀、微生物分解、转化、植物遮蔽、残留物积累、蒸腾水分和养分吸收作用达到净化效果;加之部分湿地植物根系的输氧作用,以及污水在人工湿地不同位置的不同流态和含氧情况变化,使得水流在其中流动时会经历足够的好氧与厌氧交替的处理过程。这种好氧与厌氧条件的共存为根区的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供了不同的适宜的小生境,必将促进污染物的进一步降解转化。特别是污水脱氮过程中的硝化与反硝化作用,使得该人工湿地系统在污水处理中发挥出独特的作用,填料层及植物的根系对水中的总磷分别有吸附与吸收作用,能够更好的提高污水处理质量。最后经人工湿地处理后的水变清并实现无害化后排出。故上述的处理系统具有能够实现粪污分流、粪便还田、中水回用、污染物的协同去除等特点,在低成本条件下能够取得良好的处理效果;还能够避免淡水资源遭到破坏,起到保护环境的作用。并且上述处理系统布局方式使得其结构更加紧凑;整个处理工艺使得能够提高污水处理质量,提高污水处理能力。In this way, when the above-mentioned integrated treatment system for domestic sewage works, the domestic sewage in the village is collected, and then flows into the solid-liquid separation unit, the anaerobic treatment unit, the vertical subsurface flow artificial wetland and the horizontal subsurface artificial wetland in sequence from the sewage inlet pipe. Wetland; the feed solid-liquid separation unit can separate the solid and liquid components in the domestic sewage, so that the separated sewage continues to enter the anaerobic treatment unit. When the anaerobic treatment unit treats the sewage, the sewage is complicated. The organic matter is degraded and converted into simple organic matter, and the organic pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and part of nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage are removed; then it flows into the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland for treatment. During the treatment of constructed wetlands, the built-in fillers can be implanted by biological bacteria, and can adsorb, retain, filter, redox, precipitate, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shading, residue accumulation, transpiration moisture and nutrient absorption of pollutants. Purification effect; coupled with the oxygen transport of some wetland plant roots, and the different flow patterns and oxygen content changes of sewage in different locations of the constructed wetland, the water flow will experience sufficient aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes when it flows in it. This coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions provides different suitable niches for aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the root zone, which will surely promote the further degradation and transformation of pollutants. Especially the nitrification and denitrification in the process of sewage denitrification make the constructed wetland system play a unique role in sewage treatment. to improve the quality of sewage treatment. Finally, the water treated by the constructed wetland becomes clear and harmless and then discharged. Therefore, the above-mentioned treatment system has the characteristics of being able to realize manure diversion, returning manure to fields, reuse of reclaimed water, and synergistic removal of pollutants. play a role in protecting the environment. In addition, the above-mentioned layout of the treatment system makes its structure more compact; the entire treatment process can improve the quality of sewage treatment and the capacity of sewage treatment.
作为优化,所述厌氧处理单元包括相互间隔且在水平方向上呈并排设置的厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元和厌氧处理三单元;厌氧处理一单元上端为进水端并与进料固液分离单元出水端相连,厌氧处理一单元下端为出水端且与厌氧处理二单元下端的进水端相连,厌氧处理二单元上端为出水端且与厌氧处理三单元上端的进水端相连,厌氧处理三单元下端为出水端且与抽吸装置进水端相连。As an optimization, the anaerobic treatment unit includes a first unit of anaerobic treatment, a second unit of anaerobic treatment and a third unit of anaerobic treatment, which are spaced from each other and arranged side by side in the horizontal direction; the upper end of the first unit of anaerobic treatment is the water inlet end and It is connected to the water outlet end of the feed solid-liquid separation unit, the lower end of the first anaerobic treatment unit is the water outlet end and is connected to the water inlet end of the lower end of the second anaerobic treatment unit, and the upper end of the second anaerobic treatment unit is the water outlet end and is connected to the third unit of anaerobic treatment. The water inlet end of the upper end is connected, and the lower end of the three anaerobic treatment units is the water outlet end and is connected to the water inlet end of the suction device.
这样,厌氧处理单元设置成厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元和厌氧处理三单元,巧妙利用空间布局延长水处理停留时间,同时多个大部分相隔的厌氧处理单元能够很好地屏蔽两端的氧气进入,使其内部中心位置形成非常稳定而持久的厌氧区域,保证厌氧处理的可靠性和稳定性。能够针对性的对生活污水中的有机物进行厌氧发酵反硝化处理,为后续好氧硝化处理提供充足的条件,能够更好地保证污水处理质量稳定性。In this way, the anaerobic treatment unit is set up into the first unit of anaerobic treatment, the second unit of anaerobic treatment and the third unit of anaerobic treatment, and the space layout is cleverly used to prolong the residence time of water treatment. The ground shields the entry of oxygen at both ends, so that a very stable and durable anaerobic area is formed at the inner center position to ensure the reliability and stability of anaerobic treatment. It can carry out anaerobic fermentation and denitrification treatment of organic matter in domestic sewage in a targeted manner, providing sufficient conditions for subsequent aerobic nitrification treatment, and can better ensure the quality stability of sewage treatment.
进一步地,厌氧处理单元底部最低处设置有排泥管,排泥管和外部储泥池相连。使其可以定期开启并用于排走厌氧处理单元底部累积的淤泥,避免堵塞。Further, a mud discharge pipe is arranged at the lowest part of the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit, and the mud discharge pipe is connected with the external mud storage tank. It can be turned on regularly and used to drain the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit to avoid clogging.
作为优化,所述抽吸装置为潜污泵。As an optimization, the suction device is a submersible sewage pump.
这样,采用潜污泵作为抽吸装置,具有不易堵塞,结构简单,方便使用的优点。In this way, the use of the submersible sewage pump as the suction device has the advantages of being less likely to be blocked, having a simple structure and being convenient to use.
作为优化,在厌氧处理单元的一侧设置有第一水箱,第一水箱进水端与厌氧处理单元出水端相连;在所述第一水箱底部设置所述潜污泵,第一水箱侧壁上设置有液位检测探头,所述液位检测探头和潜污泵电控端相连并用于根据检测液位是否到达控制潜污泵启停;在第一水箱上方间隔设有第二水箱,且在第一水箱和第二水箱之间设有射流曝气器;所述射流曝气器具有一个和潜污泵出水端相连的进液管道,还具有和外界空气连通的进气管道,还具有和第二水箱相通的射流出口管道;第二水箱出水端向上与所述垂直潜流型人工湿地相连。As an optimization, a first water tank is arranged on one side of the anaerobic treatment unit, and the water inlet end of the first water tank is connected to the water outlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit; the submersible sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the first water tank, and the first water tank side A liquid level detection probe is arranged on the wall, and the liquid level detection probe is connected with the electric control end of the submersible sewage pump and is used to control the start and stop of the submersible sewage pump according to whether the detected liquid level reaches or not; a second water tank is spaced above the first water tank, And a jet aerator is arranged between the first water tank and the second water tank; the jet aerator has a liquid inlet pipe connected to the water outlet of the submersible sewage pump, and an air inlet pipe communicated with the outside air, and also has a There is a jet outlet pipe communicated with the second water tank; the water outlet end of the second water tank is upwardly connected with the vertical submerged constructed wetland.
这样,生活污水经处理后流入到第一水箱后,当第一水箱内液位达到预设值,液位检测探头被触发并控制潜污泵工作并将污水抽送到曝气器,污水在射流曝气器内水与空气充分混合以达到复氧目的,之后再从曝气器出水端射流进入第二水箱内,在第二水箱内再次充分地实现空气和液体的混合实现充分复氧。经过复氧处理后,能够为后续污水处理提供足够的氧成分,使得后续形成有氧处理区域,提高污水处理质量。经过复氧处理后的污水在后续垂直潜流型人工湿地处理时,在垂直潜流型人工湿地内的过滤填料和植物根系交杂的空间区域内形成有利于好氧菌繁殖的好氧处理区域,使其同时具有了填料吸附,植物根系吸收和好氧硝化处理的综合处理效果,使得污水中的污染物能够更好的被吸附、滞留、过滤、氧化还原、沉淀、微生物分解、转化、植物遮蔽、残留物积累、蒸腾水分和养分吸收以达到更好的净化效果。In this way, after the domestic sewage flows into the first water tank after treatment, when the liquid level in the first water tank reaches the preset value, the liquid level detection probe is triggered to control the submersible sewage pump to work and pump the sewage to the aerator, and the sewage is in the jet flow. The water and air in the aerator are fully mixed to achieve the purpose of reoxygenation, and then the jet from the water outlet end of the aerator enters the second water tank, and the air and liquid are fully mixed again in the second water tank to achieve full reoxygenation. After the re-oxygenation treatment, it can provide enough oxygen components for the subsequent sewage treatment, so that the subsequent aerobic treatment area can be formed and the quality of sewage treatment can be improved. When the sewage after reoxygenation treatment is treated in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, an aerobic treatment area conducive to the reproduction of aerobic bacteria is formed in the space area where the filter filler in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the plant root system are mixed. At the same time, it has the comprehensive treatment effect of filler adsorption, plant root absorption and aerobic nitrification treatment, so that pollutants in sewage can be better adsorbed, retained, filtered, redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shielding, Residue accumulation, transpiration of water and nutrient absorption for better purification.
作为优化,所述第二水箱上端面设置有多个均匀分布的出水口和垂直潜流型人工湿地底部连通进水。As an optimization, the upper end surface of the second water tank is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed water outlets and the bottom of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland communicates with the water inlet.
这样,使得第二水箱同时具有了隔离下方厌氧区域以保证其厌氧环境效果、使得空气进气和液体充分混合保证后续有氧处理效果以及对上方垂直潜流型人工湿地均匀布水以减低水流对植物根系冲击等多重功能。工作时污水从第二水箱流入到垂直潜流型人工湿地时,第二水箱上端面设置有多个均匀分布的出水口能够使得污水更加均匀的进入到垂直潜流型人工湿地,提高垂直潜流型人工湿地的处理效果。In this way, the second water tank can isolate the anaerobic area below to ensure its anaerobic environment effect, make the air intake and liquid fully mix to ensure the subsequent aerobic treatment effect, and evenly distribute water to the upper vertical submerged constructed wetland to reduce water flow Multiple functions such as impact on plant roots. When the sewage flows from the second water tank to the vertical subsurface constructed wetland during work, the upper end face of the second water tank is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed water outlets, so that the sewage can enter the vertical subsurface constructed wetland more evenly and improve the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. processing effect.
作为优化,所述垂直潜流型人工湿地包括相互独立的且在水平方向上呈并排设置的垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元,垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元下端设有底部溢水孔并与第二水箱出水端相连;垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元上端为出水端并与垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元上端的进水端相连,垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元的下端为出水端并与垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元下端的进水端相连;且垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连。As an optimization, the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland includes a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit 1, a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit two, and a vertical subsurface constructed wetland three units, which are independent of each other and are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the first unit of the constructed wetland is provided with a bottom overflow hole and is connected to the outlet end of the second water tank; the upper end of the first unit of the vertical submerged flow constructed wetland is the outlet end and is connected with the water inlet end of the upper end of the second unit of the vertical submerged flow constructed wetland. The lower end of the second unit of the wetland is the outlet end and is connected to the water inlet end of the lower end of the third unit of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland; and the third unit of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is connected to the inlet end of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland.
这样,将垂直潜流型人工湿地设置成垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元,能够针对性的对污水中的污染物进行处理,提高污水处理质量。具体地说,污水经厌氧处理单元反硝化处理后进入第二水箱曝气复氧(曝气复氧后进入第二水箱)。污水和空气混合并富含氧气后进入到垂直潜流型人工湿地,然后依次上下往返折返地经过垂直潜流型人工湿地的三个单元,垂直潜流型人工湿地内为填料夹杂植物根系的结构状态,及其有利于水处理微生物在填料和植物根系中着床繁殖。这样污水在垂直潜流型人工湿地流经路径较长,在污水刚进入时的区域阶段为含氧较高的好氧处理区域,由需氧较高的微生物好氧菌进行生物过滤,同时结合填料过滤和植物根系吸收提高处理效果。然后随污水在垂直潜流型人工湿地内持续流动,污水中的氧气成分逐渐消耗减小,故随污水流动路径水处理环境逐渐由有氧过渡到缺氧,填料内着床细菌也由好氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元)逐渐变化为需氧量较低的微好氧菌或兼好氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元)再到厌氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元)。这样三个垂直潜流型人工湿地单元的结构,能够极大地丰富不同需氧量的水处理环境;同时结合在之前处理流程中的厌氧处理单元,使得污水宏观上依次形成厌氧处理-好氧处理-厌氧处理,形成反硝化-硝化-反硝化的宏观处理流程,符合有机物降解的需求。再结合植物根系的吸收转化,极大地提高了水处理效果。In this way, the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is set up into a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit, a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit two, and a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit three, which can specifically treat the pollutants in the sewage and improve the sewage treatment. quality. Specifically, the sewage is denitrified by the anaerobic treatment unit and then enters the second water tank for aeration and reoxygenation (enters the second water tank after aeration and reoxygenation). Sewage mixed with air and enriched with oxygen enters the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, and then goes up and down in turn and passes through the three units of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The vertical subsurface constructed wetland is filled with the structure of plant roots, and It is conducive to the implantation and reproduction of water treatment microorganisms in the filler and plant roots. In this way, the sewage flows through a long path in the vertical submerged constructed wetland. When the sewage first enters the area, it is an aerobic treatment area with high oxygen content, and the microbial aerobic bacteria with high oxygen demand conduct biological filtration. At the same time, combined with fillers Filtration and plant root uptake improve treatment efficiency. Then, as the sewage continues to flow in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, the oxygen content in the sewage gradually decreases, so the water treatment environment gradually transitions from aerobic to anoxic along the sewage flow path, and the implanted bacteria in the filler are also replaced by aerobic bacteria. (Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit 1) gradually changed to micro-aerobic bacteria or facultative aerobic bacteria with lower oxygen demand (vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit two) to anaerobic bacteria (vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit three). The structure of such three vertical submerged constructed wetland units can greatly enrich the water treatment environment with different oxygen demands; at the same time, combined with the anaerobic treatment units in the previous treatment process, the sewage can form anaerobic treatment-aerobic treatment in sequence macroscopically. Treatment - anaerobic treatment, forming a macro treatment process of denitrification - nitrification - denitrification, which meets the needs of organic matter degradation. Combined with the absorption and transformation of plant roots, the water treatment effect is greatly improved.
作为优化,还包括设置在垂直潜流型人工湿地与水平潜流型人工湿地之间的复氧槽,复氧槽进水端位于垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端下方且二者之间形成一段供垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端出水跌水的距离,复氧槽出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连。As an optimization, it also includes a re-oxygenation tank arranged between the vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland and the horizontal subsurface-type constructed wetland. The distance of the water drop from the outlet end of the type constructed wetland, and the outlet end of the re-oxygenation tank is connected to the inlet end of the horizontal subsurface flow type constructed wetland.
这样,垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端出水能够呈水幕状跌落时与空气较为充分混合后在进入到复氧槽,并且在复氧槽内能够呈薄层水流,大气复氧较快。并且复氧槽给水流再次复氧,使其进入水平潜流型人工湿地之后能够更好地提高处理效果。In this way, the water at the outlet end of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland can be more fully mixed with the air when it falls in the shape of a water curtain, and then enter the re-oxygenation tank, and can form a thin layer of water flow in the re-oxygenation tank, and the atmospheric re-oxygenation is faster. And the re-oxygenation tank re-oxygenates the water flow again, so that it can better improve the treatment effect after it enters the horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland.
作为进一步优化,复氧槽出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端位于水平潜流型人工湿地所在区域一侧高度方向上的中部位置,水平潜流型人工湿地的出水端位于水平潜流型人工湿地所在区域另一侧高度方向上的上端位置。As a further optimization, the water outlet end of the reoxygenation tank and the water inlet end of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland are located in the middle of the height direction of the area where the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is located, and the water outlet of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is located at the location of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. The upper end position in the height direction on the other side of the area.
这样,经过复氧槽再次补充氧气后的水流从水平潜流型人工湿地中部位置进入,使得水平潜流型人工湿地下部为水体流动性较差的区域并利于厌氧且不好动的细菌着床,而水平潜流型人工湿地中上部为好氧区域且水平潜流型人工湿地整体流动性较缓。故在水平潜流型人工湿地内能够再次形成好氧与厌氧交替的处理区域,且各区域由于水体流动性较为缓慢使其为水处理细菌提供的着床环境整体上又区别于垂直潜流型人工湿地,使其在植物根系和填料内形成更丰富的为更多类别的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供的适宜的小生境。故水平潜流型人工湿地的设置,能够进一步提高系统的整体水处理效果,提高污水处理质量。同时在水平潜流型人工湿地中,水流速度变慢后能够形成出水前的再次沉降,保证了出水的清澈度。In this way, the water flow after supplementing oxygen through the re-oxygenation tank enters from the middle of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, so that the lower part of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is an area with poor water fluidity and is conducive to the implantation of anaerobic and immobile bacteria. In contrast, the middle and upper parts of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland are aerobic areas, and the overall mobility of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is relatively slow. Therefore, aerobic and anaerobic alternate treatment areas can be formed again in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, and the implantation environment provided by the water treatment bacteria in each area is generally different from that of the vertical subsurface artificial wetland due to the slow fluidity of the water body. Wetlands can form more abundant suitable niches for more types of aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in plant roots and fillers. Therefore, the setting of horizontal subsurface constructed wetland can further improve the overall water treatment effect of the system and improve the quality of sewage treatment. At the same time, in the horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland, after the water flow speed becomes slow, it can form the subsidence again before the water is discharged, which ensures the clarity of the water.
作为优化,水平潜流型人工湿地内填料顶层铺有一层沸石负载氧化铜的抗菌填料。As an optimization, a layer of zeolite-loaded copper oxide antibacterial filler is placed on the top layer of the filler in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland.
这样可以使得水流经过水平潜流型人工湿地填料顶层时由抗菌填料过滤去除SS,沸石还可进一步去除污水中的磷的同时,高效杀灭病原菌进行消毒。In this way, the SS can be removed by the antibacterial packing when the water flow passes through the top layer of the horizontal submerged constructed wetland packing, and the zeolite can further remove the phosphorus in the sewage, and at the same time efficiently kill the pathogenic bacteria for disinfection.
作为优化,还包括与水流在水平潜流型人工湿出水端相连的后处理单元,在后处理单元出水端连接有排水管并形成出水端;所述后处理单元内装有活性炭。As an optimization, it also includes a post-processing unit connected to the water flow at the water outlet end of the horizontal submerged artificial wetness, and a drain pipe is connected to the water outlet end of the post-processing unit to form a water outlet; the post-processing unit is equipped with activated carbon.
这样,通过在后处理单元内装有活性炭,水流经过后处理单元时由活性炭对水中的杂质进行吸附去除,使得出水干净澄澈,再经与后处理单元出水端相连的排水管排出。In this way, by installing activated carbon in the post-processing unit, the activated carbon adsorbs and removes impurities in the water when the water flows through the post-processing unit, so that the effluent is clean and clear, and then discharged through the drain pipe connected to the water outlet of the post-processing unit.
作为优化,所述进料固液分离单元包括斜向设置的固液分离管,固液分离管下方设置有粪便收集池,固液分离管上端上方斜向上敞口且正对衔接于污水进水管道出料端下方,固液分离管下端设有端部分离格网并形成出水端,对应固液分离管下端下方衔接有集水桶;集水桶上端悬挂在第一绳索下端,第一绳索另一端分别绕过位于集水桶上方的第一定滑轮和位于固液分离管上端的第二定滑轮后向下和固液分离管上端连接;集水桶下端设有出水孔,出水孔处设置有能够间隔地控制出水的自动出水控制装置,所述固液分离管下端通过与竖向的第二绳索的下端相连并使其可转动地定位在进料固液分离单元内;使得当固液分离管内累积一定量固态成分后,上端能够在自重作用下向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起,且使得固液分离管上端向下转动至斜向下状态并将其内累积的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池,固液分离管内固态成分滑出后,集水桶能够通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态;进料固液分离单元内还设有竖向的第三绳索,第三绳索的下端与集水桶相连并用于对集水桶下行至极限位置限位。As an optimization, the feed solid-liquid separation unit includes a solid-liquid separation tube arranged obliquely, a feces collection tank is arranged below the solid-liquid separation tube, and the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube is opened diagonally upward and is directly connected to the sewage inlet. Below the discharge end of the pipeline, the lower end of the solid-liquid separation tube is provided with an end separation grid to form a water outlet, and a water collecting bucket is connected to the lower end of the corresponding solid-liquid separation tube; the upper end of the water collecting bucket is suspended at the lower end of the first rope, and the other end of the first rope Respectively bypass the first fixed pulley located above the water collecting bucket and the second fixed pulley located at the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe, and then connect downward to the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe; An automatic water outlet control device for controlling water outlet, the lower end of the solid-liquid separation pipe is connected to the lower end of the vertical second rope and rotatably positioned in the feed solid-liquid separation unit; so that when the solid-liquid separation pipe accumulates After a certain amount of solid components, the upper end can be rotated downward under the action of its own weight, and the water collecting bucket after the water outlet is pulled up through the first rope, and the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe can be rotated downward to an oblique downward state and accumulated in it. The solid component of the solid-liquid separation tube slides out from the open end to the feces collection tank below. After the solid component in the solid-liquid separation tube slides out, the water collecting bucket can pull the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube back to the upwardly inclined state through the first rope; The solid-liquid separation unit is also provided with a vertical third rope, and the lower end of the third rope is connected with the water collecting bucket and is used to limit the water collecting bucket down to the limit position.
这样,进料固液分离单元在工作时,生活污水被收集后流经污水进水管道,从污水进水管道的出口端流出并从固液分离管上端敞口流入。生活污水流入固液分离管后,固液分离管将生活污水中的固态成分拦截并累积在固液分离管内部,生活污水中的液态成分从固液分离管下端形成的出水端流出并被收集在集水桶内。当固液分离管内累积一定量固态成分后,集水桶内收集的污水达到一定量,出水孔处设置的自动出水控制装置控制出水孔出水。集水桶内的污水被放空或是被放出一定量,且同时固液分离管内固态成分累积到一定量使得第一绳索两端失去平衡后,固液分离管上端能够在自重作用下向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起,且固液分离管上端向下转动至斜向下状态并将其内累积的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池。固液分离管内固态成分滑出后,集水桶能够通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态,使得第一绳索两端恢复原始平衡状态。这样的结构使得生活污水进入固液分离管后,直至固液分离管将收集到的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池的过程中,固液分离管是持续的对进入到其内部的生活污水进行固液分离的,对生活污水固液分离是持续进行的,能够更好的将村庄生活污水中污泥和粪污进行分离,提高污水处理质量。In this way, when the feed solid-liquid separation unit is in operation, the domestic sewage is collected and flows through the sewage inlet pipe, flows out from the outlet end of the sewage inlet pipe, and flows in from the open upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe. After the domestic sewage flows into the solid-liquid separation tube, the solid-liquid separation tube intercepts the solid components in the domestic sewage and accumulates in the solid-liquid separation tube, and the liquid components in the domestic sewage flow out from the water outlet formed at the lower end of the solid-liquid separation tube and are collected. in the collection bucket. When a certain amount of solid components is accumulated in the solid-liquid separation pipe, the sewage collected in the water collecting bucket reaches a certain amount, and the automatic water outlet control device set at the water outlet controls the water outlet from the water outlet. After the sewage in the collecting bucket is emptied or released to a certain amount, and at the same time, the solid components in the solid-liquid separation tube accumulate to a certain amount, so that the two ends of the first rope are out of balance, the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube can rotate downwards under the action of its own weight. Pull up the water collecting bucket after the water comes out through the first rope, and turn the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe downward to a state of oblique downward, and slide the accumulated solid components from the opening of the end to the fecal collection tank below . After the solid components in the solid-liquid separation tube slide out, the water collecting bucket can pull the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube back to the upwardly inclined state through the first rope, so that the two ends of the first rope return to the original equilibrium state. Such a structure enables the solid-liquid separation tube to continuously adjust the solid-liquid separation tube until the solid-liquid separation tube slides out the collected solid components from the open end to the fecal collection tank below after the domestic sewage enters the solid-liquid separation tube. The solid-liquid separation of the domestic sewage entering into it is carried out continuously, which can better separate the sludge and manure in the domestic sewage of the village and improve the quality of sewage treatment.
具体实施时进料固液分离单元,也可以采用直接设置一个斜向的格栅,让待处理的废弃物掉入到格栅上并慢慢向下滑动,滑动过程中使其液体顺格栅过滤到格栅下方,固态部分随格栅滑出到前方,进而实现固液分离。这种固液分离单元结构更加简单,成本低廉。但具体使用时,废弃物在格栅上停留时间无法控制,经常导致很短时间内液体还来不及滤下就随固态部分一起顺格栅滑下。导致固液分离效果较差且难以控制。而上述的固液分离单元使用时,可以使得固态部分一直停留在固液分离管内慢慢过滤出液态部分,故具有非常好的固液分离效果。In the specific implementation, the solid-liquid separation unit of the feeding material can also be directly set with an oblique grille, so that the waste to be treated falls on the grille and slowly slides down. During the sliding process, the liquid flows along the grille. Filter to the bottom of the grid, and the solid part slides out to the front with the grid, thereby realizing solid-liquid separation. The solid-liquid separation unit has a simpler structure and lower cost. However, in specific use, the residence time of the waste on the grid cannot be controlled, which often causes the liquid to slide down the grid together with the solid part before being filtered out in a very short time. This results in poor solid-liquid separation and difficult to control. When the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation unit is used, the solid part can stay in the solid-liquid separation tube and slowly filter out the liquid part, so it has a very good solid-liquid separation effect.
作为优化,所述固液分离管下部沿轴向设置有内部分离格网使得分离格网上部形成固态部分堆积空间,分离格网下部形成污水汇聚空间。As an optimization, the lower part of the solid-liquid separation tube is provided with an internal separation grid along the axial direction, so that the upper part of the separation grid forms a solid part accumulation space, and the lower part of the separation grid forms a sewage gathering space.
这样,生活污水废弃物(主要为粪便)等流入固液分离管后,废弃物先进入到固液分离管内的分离格网上部形成的固态部分堆积空间,分离格网能够对生活污水中的固态部分和液态部分进行分离,液态部分分离后进入到分离格网下部形成污水汇聚空间,并从固液分离管出水端流出。这样废弃物掉入到固液分离管后立即就可以进行固液分离,故这样能够提高固液分离管的固液分离效率,提高固液分离质量。In this way, after the domestic sewage waste (mainly feces) flows into the solid-liquid separation pipe, the waste first enters the solid part accumulation space formed on the upper part of the separation grid in the solid-liquid separation pipe. The part and the liquid part are separated, and the liquid part enters the lower part of the separation grid to form a sewage gathering space, and flows out from the outlet end of the solid-liquid separation pipe. In this way, solid-liquid separation can be performed immediately after the waste falls into the solid-liquid separation tube, so the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the solid-liquid separation tube can be improved, and the quality of solid-liquid separation can be improved.
作为优化,在固液分离管内腔及其分离格网表面涂抹设置有不粘性材料。As an optimization, a non-stick material is smeared on the inner cavity of the solid-liquid separation tube and the surface of the separation grid.
(优选采用纳米材料涂抹)。(preferably coated with nanomaterials).
这样,在进行固液分离时,固态部分和液态部分能够更好的实现分离,并且再将固态部分从固液分离管倾倒至粪便收集池时,固态部分不易粘接在固液分离管内腔,具有更加方便实现固液分离的优点。In this way, during the solid-liquid separation, the solid part and the liquid part can be better separated, and when the solid part is poured from the solid-liquid separation tube to the feces collection tank, the solid part is not easy to adhere to the inner cavity of the solid-liquid separation tube. It has the advantage of more convenient realization of solid-liquid separation.
作为优化,集水桶两侧和进料固液分离单元内腔壁之间增加竖向导向滑动配合结构。As an optimization, a vertical guide sliding fitting structure is added between the two sides of the water collecting bucket and the inner cavity wall of the solid-liquid separation unit of the feed.
这样,集水桶两侧和进料固液分离单元内腔壁之间增加竖向导向滑动配合结构,使得固液分离管上端向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起时以及集水桶竖向向下运动并通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态时,集水桶竖向运行更加平稳。In this way, a vertical guide sliding fitting structure is added between the two sides of the water collecting bucket and the inner cavity wall of the solid-liquid separation unit, so that the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe is rotated downward and the water collecting bucket after water is pulled up through the first rope. And when the water collecting bucket moves vertically downward and the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe is pulled back to the upwardly inclined state through the first rope, the vertical running of the water collecting bucket is more stable.
作为优化,所述自动出水控制装置为对应出水孔设置的落水胆并用于间隔地控制出水孔出水。As an optimization, the automatic water outlet control device is a water tank provided corresponding to the water outlet hole and is used to control the water outlet from the water outlet hole at intervals.
这样,将自动出水控制装置设置为现有的落水胆,具有结构简单,方便安装使用的优点。In this way, the automatic water outlet control device is set as the existing water tank, which has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation and use.
作为优化,对应集水桶下端出水孔位置设有进水渠,进水渠整体呈扁平的盒体结构且上端和一侧呈开放结构,且进水渠的开放侧形成出水端,进水渠上端与集水桶下端出水口连通。As an optimization, a water inlet channel is provided at the position corresponding to the water outlet hole at the lower end of the water collection bucket. The water inlet channel has a flat box structure as a whole, and the upper end and one side are open structures, and the open side of the water inlet channel forms a water outlet end. The upper end of the water inlet channel and the lower end of the water collection bucket The water outlet is connected.
这样,在集水桶下端出水孔位置设有进水渠,进水渠的开放侧形成出水端并用于与厌氧处理单元进水端衔接,具有使得污水更加均匀的进入厌氧处理单元的优点。In this way, a water inlet channel is provided at the position of the water outlet hole at the lower end of the water collecting bucket, and the open side of the water inlet channel forms a water outlet end and is used to connect with the water inlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit, which has the advantage of making the sewage enter the anaerobic treatment unit more uniformly.
本发明还公开了一种适用于村庄的生活污水处理方法,其特点在于,包括以下步骤,a先实现生活污水的固液分离,将分离出的固态部分单独收集处理,将分离出的液体污水部分进行后续净化处理;b将液体污水依次进行间歇式的厌氧分解、曝气充氧、利用植物根系吸收结合垂直潜流方式和水平潜流实现好氧兼厌氧多种方式复合分解,最后经沸石负载氧化铜的填料消毒并灭除污水中的病原菌后流出。The invention also discloses a domestic sewage treatment method suitable for villages, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a firstly realize the solid-liquid separation of the domestic sewage, collect and process the separated solid part separately, and separate the separated liquid sewage Part of the follow-up purification treatment; b. The liquid sewage is sequentially subjected to intermittent anaerobic decomposition, aeration and oxygenation, and absorption by plant roots combined with vertical subsurface flow and horizontal subsurface flow to achieve aerobic and anaerobic composite decomposition. Finally, it is decomposed by zeolite The filler loaded with copper oxide is sterilized and the pathogenic bacteria in the sewage are eliminated.
这样,采用上述方法对生活污水进行处理,具有污水处理质量更好,处理效率更高的优点。In this way, using the above method to treat domestic sewage has the advantages of better sewage treatment quality and higher treatment efficiency.
作为优化,本方法采用了上述结构的一体化处理系统实现。As an optimization, the method is implemented by the integrated processing system of the above structure.
这样,采用上述结构的一体化处理系统实现,具有能够提高污水处理质量,提高污水处理能力,能够更好的将村庄生活污水中污泥和粪污进行分离的优点。In this way, the implementation of the integrated treatment system with the above structure has the advantages of improving the quality of sewage treatment, improving the sewage treatment capacity, and being able to better separate the sludge and feces in the domestic sewage of the village.
综上所述,本发明的有益效果是:实现粪污分流、粪便还田、中水回用、污染物的协同去除,在低成本条件下取得良好的处理效果;还能够避免淡水资源遭到破坏,起到保护环境的作用。本发明通过粪污分离单(及前述的固液分离单元)元为用于将粪污分流,实现资源化利用,使得粪便进入粪便收集池,污水进入厌氧处理单元;通过厌氧处理单元在厌氧菌的作用下,使复杂的有机物被降解、转化为简单的有机物,同时释放能能量;湿地中氧环境较差,当处理较高浓度的污水时,人工湿地仍不足以满足有机物及氨氮的氧化去除,因此,本发明通过射流曝气器对厌氧单元的出水进行曝气复氧以及通过跌水至复氧槽对垂直潜流型人工湿地的出水进行复氧以解决人工湿地床体供氧不足的问题;通过人工湿地滤料上的生物膜对污水中的污染物质进行降解,上层土壤存在大量的植物根系、微生物和土壤矿物对污水中污染物质吸收、降解置换等物理化学及生物作用,达到净化污水的目的;水平潜流型人工湿地顶层填料为抗菌填料沸石负载氧化铜,水流经过时由抗菌填料过滤去除SS,沸石还可进一步去除污水中的磷的同时,高效杀灭病原菌进行消毒;后处理单元内装有活性炭,水流经过后处理单元时由活性炭对水中的杂质进行吸附去除,使得出水干净澄澈;总之,本发明污水处理和运行成本低,处理效果好,出水水质可达国家城镇污水排放标准。本发明在我国广大农村具有广阔的应用前景。To sum up, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: realizing the diversion of feces, returning feces to the fields, reuse of reclaimed water, and synergistic removal of pollutants, and achieving good treatment effects under low-cost conditions; damage to protect the environment. The present invention uses the manure separation unit (and the aforementioned solid-liquid separation unit) to divert the manure to realize resource utilization, so that the manure enters the manure collection tank, and the sewage enters the anaerobic treatment unit; Under the action of anaerobic bacteria, complex organic matter is degraded and converted into simple organic matter, and energy is released at the same time; the oxygen environment in the wetland is poor, and the constructed wetland is still not enough to meet the requirements of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen when dealing with high-concentration sewage. Therefore, in the present invention, the effluent of the anaerobic unit is aerated and re-oxygenated by the jet aerator and the effluent of the vertical submerged constructed wetland is re-oxygenated by dropping the water to the re-oxygenation tank to solve the problem of the artificial wetland bed supply. The problem of insufficient oxygen; the biofilm on the constructed wetland filter material degrades the pollutants in the sewage, and there are a large number of plant roots, microorganisms and soil minerals in the upper soil to absorb, degrade and replace the pollutants in the sewage. Physical, chemical and biological effects , to achieve the purpose of purifying sewage; the top filler of the horizontal submerged constructed wetland is an antibacterial filler zeolite loaded with copper oxide, and the antibacterial filler will filter to remove SS when the water flows through. Activated carbon is installed in the post-processing unit, and the activated carbon adsorbs and removes impurities in the water when the water flows through the post-processing unit, so that the effluent is clean and clear; Sewage discharge standards. The invention has broad application prospects in the vast rural areas of our country.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明具体实施方式中适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统的正视剖面示意图(附图中箭头表示液体的流向)。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of an integrated domestic sewage treatment system suitable for a village according to a specific embodiment of the present invention (the arrows in the drawing indicate the flow direction of the liquid).
图2为图1的水平方向上的剖视示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the horizontal direction of FIG. 1 .
图3为图1中厌氧处理单元与第一水箱部分的正视剖面示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the anaerobic treatment unit and the first water tank in FIG. 1 .
图4为垂直潜流型人工湿地、复氧槽与水平潜流型人工湿地正视剖面示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic front view of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland, the re-oxygenation tank and the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
具体实施时:如图1至图4所示,适用于村庄的生活污水一体化处理系统,包括进料固液分离单元51,进料固液分离单元上设有进料口并用于与污水进水管道52相连;其特点在于,在进料固液分离单元的一侧下部对应位置设有厌氧处理单元53,且厌氧处理单元进水端与进料固液分离单元的出水端相连,厌氧处理单元内设置有填料;正对厌氧处理单元上方设有垂直潜流型人工湿地54和水平潜流型人工湿地55,垂直潜流型人工湿地54和水平潜流型人工湿地55各自内装有填料且栽种有植物,且厌氧处理单元出水端与垂直潜流型人工湿地进水端之间通过管道和设置在管道上的抽吸装置56相连,并且垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连,且在水平潜流型人工湿地上设有出水端用于出水。Specific implementation: As shown in Figures 1 to 4, an integrated domestic sewage treatment system suitable for villages includes a feed solid-
这样,上述的生活污水一体化处理系统工作时,村庄的生活污水被收集后,从污水进水管依次流入到进料固液分离单元、厌氧处理单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地;进料固液分离单元能够对生活污水中的固体成分和液体成分进行分离,使得被分离出来的污水继续进入到厌氧处理单元,厌氧处理单元对污水进行处理时,使污水中复杂的有机物被降解、转化为简单的有机物,去除生活污水中的有机污染物、病原菌和部分氮、磷;之后再流入垂直潜流型人工湿地和水平潜流型人工湿地进行处理。人工湿地处理时,内装的填料能够供生物细菌着床,能够对污染物进行吸附、滞留、过滤、氧化还原、沉淀、微生物分解、转化、植物遮蔽、残留物积累、蒸腾水分和养分吸收作用达到净化效果;加之部分湿地植物根系的输氧作用,以及污水在人工湿地不同位置的不同流态和含氧情况变化,使得水流在其中流动时会经历足够的好氧与厌氧交替的处理过程。这种好氧与厌氧条件的共存为根区的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供了不同的适宜的小生境,必将促进污染物的进一步降解转化。特别是污水脱氮过程中的硝化与反硝化作用,使得该人工湿地系统在污水处理中发挥出独特的作用,填料层及植物的根系对水中的总磷分别有吸附与吸收作用,能够更好的提高污水处理质量。最后经人工湿地处理后的水变清并实现无害化后排出。故上述的处理系统具有能够实现粪污分流、粪便还田、中水回用、污染物的协同去除等特点,在低成本条件下能够取得良好的处理效果;还能够避免淡水资源遭到破坏,起到保护环境的作用。并且上述处理系统布局方式使得其结构更加紧凑;整个处理工艺使得能够提高污水处理质量,提高污水处理能力。In this way, when the above-mentioned integrated treatment system for domestic sewage is in operation, the domestic sewage in the village is collected, and then flows into the solid-liquid separation unit, anaerobic treatment unit, vertical subsurface artificial wetland and horizontal subsurface artificial wetland in sequence from the sewage inlet pipe. Wetland; the feed solid-liquid separation unit can separate the solid and liquid components in the domestic sewage, so that the separated sewage continues to enter the anaerobic treatment unit. When the anaerobic treatment unit treats the sewage, the sewage is complicated The organic matter is degraded and converted into simple organic matter, and the organic pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and part of nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage are removed; then it flows into the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland for treatment. During the treatment of constructed wetlands, the built-in fillers can be implanted by biological bacteria, and can adsorb, retain, filter, redox, precipitate, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shading, residue accumulation, transpiration moisture and nutrient absorption of pollutants. Purification effect; coupled with the oxygen transport of some wetland plant roots, and the different flow patterns and oxygen content changes of sewage in different positions of the constructed wetland, the water flow will experience sufficient aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes when it flows in it. The coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions provides different suitable niches for aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the root zone, which will surely promote the further degradation and transformation of pollutants. Especially the nitrification and denitrification in the process of sewage denitrification make the constructed wetland system play a unique role in sewage treatment. to improve the quality of sewage treatment. Finally, the water treated by the constructed wetland becomes clear and harmless and then discharged. Therefore, the above-mentioned treatment system has the characteristics of being able to realize manure diversion, returning manure to fields, reuse of reclaimed water, and synergistic removal of pollutants. play a role in protecting the environment. In addition, the above-mentioned layout of the treatment system makes its structure more compact; the whole treatment process can improve the quality of sewage treatment and the capacity of sewage treatment.
本具体实施方式中,所述厌氧处理单元53包括相互间隔且在水平方向上呈并排设置的厌氧处理一单元57、厌氧处理二单元58和厌氧处理三单元59;厌氧处理一单元上端为进水端并与进料固液分离单元出水端相连,厌氧处理一单元下端为出水端且与厌氧处理二单元下端的进水端相连,厌氧处理二单元上端为出水端且与厌氧处理三单元上端的进水端相连,厌氧处理三单元下端为出水端且与抽吸装置进水端相连。In this specific embodiment, the
这样,厌氧处理单元设置成厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元和厌氧处理三单元,巧妙利用空间布局延长水处理停留时间,同时多个大部分相隔的厌氧处理单元能够很好地屏蔽两端的氧气进入,使其内部中心位置形成非常稳定而持久的厌氧区域,保证厌氧处理的可靠性和稳定性。能够针对性的对生活污水中的有机物进行厌氧发酵反硝化处理,为后续好氧硝化处理提供充足的条件,能够更好地保证污水处理质量稳定性。In this way, the anaerobic treatment unit is set up into the first unit of anaerobic treatment, the second unit of anaerobic treatment and the third unit of anaerobic treatment, and the space layout is cleverly used to prolong the residence time of water treatment. The ground shields the entry of oxygen at both ends, so that a very stable and durable anaerobic area is formed at the inner center position to ensure the reliability and stability of anaerobic treatment. It can carry out anaerobic fermentation and denitrification treatment of organic matter in domestic sewage in a targeted manner, providing sufficient conditions for subsequent aerobic nitrification treatment, and can better ensure the quality stability of sewage treatment.
具体实施时,污水分别依次经过所述厌氧处理单元中厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元、厌氧处理三单元,厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元、厌氧处理三单元中的填料采用优选的空心球状填料,空心球状填料的孔隙率约为0.2,该空心球状填料有利于保水和沟通填料间的水分、养分和微生物交流,且通过厌氧菌的作用,使复杂的有机物被降解、转化为简单的有机物,利用附着于空心球状填料内外表面或悬浮的专门驯化专性厌氧或兼氧微生物去除生活污水中的有机污染物、病原菌和部分氮、磷。厌氧处理单元尺寸较好的选择为3.9m×9m×1.3m,水力停留时间为22h。对应厌氧处理一单元、厌氧处理二单元底部最低处连接有第一排泥管、第二排泥管,且在第一排泥管、第二排泥管外端各自连接有第一储泥池、第二储泥池,第一储泥池和第二储泥池为正方体体积各为1m3。使其可以定期开启并用于排走厌氧处理单元底部累积的淤泥,避免堵塞。In the specific implementation, the sewage passes through the first anaerobic treatment unit, the second anaerobic treatment unit, the third anaerobic treatment unit, the first anaerobic treatment unit, the second anaerobic treatment unit, and the third anaerobic treatment unit in the anaerobic treatment units. The preferred hollow spherical packing is used as the filler in The organic matter is degraded and converted into simple organic matter, and the organic pollutants, pathogenic bacteria and some nitrogen and phosphorus in the domestic sewage are removed by specially domesticated obligate anaerobic or facultative microorganisms attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow spherical packing or suspended. The size of the anaerobic treatment unit is preferably 3.9m×9m×1.3m, and the hydraulic retention time is 22h. Corresponding to the first unit of anaerobic treatment and the bottom of the second unit of anaerobic treatment, a first mud discharge pipe and a second mud discharge pipe are connected to the bottom, and a first storage tank is respectively connected to the outer ends of the first mud discharge pipe and the second mud discharge pipe. The mud pool, the second mud pool, the first mud pool and the second mud pool are cubes each with a volume of 1 m 3 . It can be turned on regularly and used to drain the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit to avoid clogging.
本具体实施方式中,所述抽吸装置56为潜污泵。In this specific embodiment, the
这样,采用潜污泵作为抽吸装置,具有不易堵塞,结构简单,方便使用的优点。In this way, the use of the submersible sewage pump as the suction device has the advantages of being less likely to be blocked, having a simple structure and being convenient to use.
本具体实施方式中,在厌氧处理单元的一侧设置有第一水箱60,第一水箱进水端与厌氧处理单元出水端相连;在所述第一水箱底部设置所述潜污泵,第一水箱侧壁上设置有液位检测探头61,所述液位检测探头和潜污泵电控端相连并用于根据检测液位是否到达控制潜污泵启停;在第一水箱上方间隔设有第二水箱62,且在第一水箱和第二水箱之间设有射流曝气器63;所述射流曝气器具有一个和潜污泵出水端相连的进液管道,还具有和外界空气连通的进气管道,还具有和第二水箱相通的射流出口管道;第二水箱出水端向上与所述垂直潜流型人工湿地相连。In this specific embodiment, a
这样,生活污水经处理后流入到第一水箱后,当第一水箱内液位达到预设值,液位检测探头被触发并控制潜污泵工作并将污水抽送到曝气器,污水在射流曝气器内水与空气充分混合以达到复氧目的,之后再从曝气器出水端射流进入第二水箱内,在第二水箱内再次充分地实现空气和液体的混合实现充分复氧。经过复氧处理后,能够为后续污水处理提供足够的氧成分,使得后续形成有氧处理区域,提高污水处理质量。经过复氧处理后的污水在后续垂直潜流型人工湿地处理时,在垂直潜流型人工湿地内的过滤填料和植物根系交杂的空间区域内形成有利于好氧菌繁殖的好氧处理区域,使其同时具有了填料吸附,植物根系吸收和好氧硝化处理的综合处理效果,使得污水中的污染物能够更好的被吸附、滞留、过滤、氧化还原、沉淀、微生物分解、转化、植物遮蔽、残留物积累、蒸腾水分和养分吸收以达到更好的净化效果。In this way, after the domestic sewage flows into the first water tank after treatment, when the liquid level in the first water tank reaches the preset value, the liquid level detection probe is triggered to control the submersible sewage pump to work and pump the sewage to the aerator, and the sewage is in the jet flow. The water and air in the aerator are fully mixed to achieve the purpose of reoxygenation, and then the jet from the water outlet end of the aerator enters the second water tank, and the air and liquid are fully mixed again in the second water tank to achieve full reoxygenation. After the re-oxygenation treatment, it can provide enough oxygen components for the subsequent sewage treatment, so that the subsequent aerobic treatment area can be formed and the quality of sewage treatment can be improved. When the sewage after reoxygenation treatment is treated in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, an aerobic treatment area conducive to the reproduction of aerobic bacteria is formed in the space area where the filter filler in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the plant root system are mixed. At the same time, it has the comprehensive treatment effect of filler adsorption, plant root absorption and aerobic nitrification treatment, so that pollutants in sewage can be better adsorbed, retained, filtered, redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shielding, Residue accumulation, transpiration of water and nutrient absorption for better purification.
具体实施时,所述厌氧处理单元右侧连接有第一水箱,所述第一水箱与厌氧处理三单元之间设有竖向的且下端间隔厌氧处理单元下端面设置的第三隔板,所述第三隔板与厌氧处理单元底部之间设有第一格网,所述第一水箱内设有液位控制器(液位控制器为前述的液位检测探头)与潜污泵,所述潜污泵通过水管与射流曝气器相连,所述射流曝气器与第二水箱通过水管相连,所述第一水箱为用于承接从厌氧处理三单元溢流出来的水,当水位达到距第一水箱底部0.9m时第一水箱内的液位控制器启动潜污泵将水抽送至射流曝气器,在射流曝气器内水与空气充分混合以达到复氧目的,再经水管抽送至第二水箱,当水位被降至距第一水箱底部0.3m时时第一水箱内的液位控制器关停潜污泵,停止抽水。第一水箱的尺寸为1.2m×9m×1m。In a specific implementation, a first water tank is connected to the right side of the anaerobic treatment unit, and a third spacer is arranged between the first water tank and the third anaerobic treatment unit, which is vertical and whose lower end is spaced from the lower end of the anaerobic treatment unit. A first grid is arranged between the third baffle and the bottom of the anaerobic treatment unit, and a liquid level controller (the liquid level controller is the aforementioned liquid level detection probe) and a submersible tank are arranged in the first water tank. Sewage pump, the submersible sewage pump is connected with the jet aerator through a water pipe, the jet aerator is connected with the second water tank through a water pipe, and the first water tank is used to undertake the overflow from the three anaerobic treatment units. When the water level reaches 0.9m from the bottom of the first water tank, the liquid level controller in the first water tank starts the submersible sewage pump to pump the water to the jet aerator, and the water and air are fully mixed in the jet aerator to achieve reoxygenation. The purpose is to pump it to the second water tank through the water pipe. When the water level is lowered to 0.3m from the bottom of the first water tank, the liquid level controller in the first water tank shuts down the submersible sewage pump and stops pumping. The size of the first water tank is 1.2m×9m×1m.
本具体实施方式中,所述第二水箱62上端面设置有多个均匀分布的出水口和垂直潜流型人工湿地54底部连通进水。In this specific embodiment, the upper end surface of the
这样,使得第二水箱同时具有了隔离下方厌氧区域以保证其厌氧环境效果、使得空气进气和液体充分混合保证后续有氧处理效果以及对上方垂直潜流型人工湿地均匀布水以减低水流对植物根系冲击等多重功能。工作时污水从第二水箱流入到垂直潜流型人工湿地时,第二水箱上端面设置有多个均匀分布的出水口能够使得污水更加均匀的进入到垂直潜流型人工湿地,提高垂直潜流型人工湿地的处理效果。In this way, the second water tank can isolate the anaerobic area below to ensure its anaerobic environment effect, make the air intake and liquid fully mix to ensure the subsequent aerobic treatment effect, and evenly distribute water to the upper vertical submerged constructed wetland to reduce water flow Multiple functions such as impact on plant roots. When the sewage flows from the second water tank to the vertical subsurface constructed wetland during work, the upper end face of the second water tank is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed water outlets, so that the sewage can enter the vertical subsurface constructed wetland more evenly and improve the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. processing effect.
本具体实施方式中,所述垂直潜流型人工湿地54包括相互独立的且在水平方向上呈并排设置的垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元64、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元65和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元66,垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元下端设有底部溢水孔并与第二水箱出水端相连;垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元上端为出水端并与垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元上端的进水端相连,垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元的下端为出水端并与垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元下端的进水端相连;且垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连。In this specific embodiment, the vertical subsurface constructed
这样,将垂直潜流型人工湿地设置成垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元,能够针对性的对污水中的污染物进行处理,提高污水处理质量。具体地说,污水经厌氧处理单元反硝化处理后进入第二水箱曝气复氧。污水和空气混合并富含氧气后进入到垂直潜流型人工湿地,然后依次上下往返折返地经过垂直潜流型人工湿地的三个单元,垂直潜流型人工湿地内为填料夹杂植物根系的结构状态,及其有利于水处理微生物在填料和植物根系中着床繁殖。这样污水在垂直潜流型人工湿地流经路径较长,在污水刚进入时的区域阶段为含氧较高的好氧处理区域,由需氧较高的微生物好氧菌进行生物过滤,同时结合填料过滤和植物根系吸收提高处理效果。然后随污水在垂直潜流型人工湿地内持续流动,污水中的氧气成分逐渐消耗减小,故随污水流动路径水处理环境逐渐由有氧过渡到缺氧,填料内着床细菌也由好氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元)逐渐变化为需氧量较低的微好氧菌或兼好氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元)再到厌氧细菌(垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元)。这样三个垂直潜流型人工湿地单元的结构,能够极大地丰富不同需氧量的水处理环境;同时结合在之前处理流程中的厌氧处理单元,使得污水宏观上依次形成厌氧处理-好氧处理-厌氧处理,形成反硝化-硝化-反硝化的宏观处理流程,符合有机物降解的需求。再结合植物根系的吸收转化,极大地提高了水处理效果。In this way, the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is set up into a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit, a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit two, and a vertical subsurface constructed wetland unit three, which can specifically treat the pollutants in the sewage and improve the sewage treatment. quality. Specifically, the sewage enters the second water tank for aeration and reoxygenation after being denitrified by the anaerobic treatment unit. Sewage mixed with air and enriched with oxygen enters the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, and then goes up and down in turn and passes through the three units of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The vertical subsurface constructed wetland is filled with the structure of plant roots, and It is conducive to the implantation and reproduction of water treatment microorganisms in the filler and plant roots. In this way, the sewage flows through a long path in the vertical submerged constructed wetland. When the sewage first enters the area, it is an aerobic treatment area with high oxygen content, and the microbial aerobic bacteria with high oxygen demand conduct biological filtration. At the same time, combined with fillers Filtration and plant root uptake improve treatment efficiency. Then, as the sewage continues to flow in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, the oxygen content in the sewage gradually decreases, so the water treatment environment gradually transitions from aerobic to anoxic along the sewage flow path, and the implanted bacteria in the filler are also replaced by aerobic bacteria. (Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit 1) gradually changed to micro-aerobic bacteria or facultative aerobic bacteria with lower oxygen demand (vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit two) to anaerobic bacteria (vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland unit three). The structure of such three vertical submerged constructed wetland units can greatly enrich the water treatment environment with different oxygen demands; at the same time, combined with the anaerobic treatment units in the previous treatment process, the sewage can form anaerobic treatment-aerobic treatment in sequence macroscopically. Treatment - anaerobic treatment, forming a macro treatment process of denitrification - nitrification - denitrification, which meets the needs of organic matter degradation. Combined with the absorption and transformation of plant roots, the water treatment effect is greatly improved.
具体实施时,垂直潜流型人工湿地内呈水平间隔的设有竖向的第四隔板和第五隔板并将垂直潜流型人工湿地分隔成相互独立的垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元,污水由所述第二水箱从垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元底部溢水孔均匀进入,第二水箱的尺寸为1.2m×9m×0.3m,水流在垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元经过填料自下而上流动经第四隔板上的透水孔至垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元,水流在垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元经过填料自上而下流动经第五隔板上的透水孔至垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元,垂直潜流型人工湿地一单元、垂直潜流型人工湿地二单元和垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元中填料规格、厚度均相同,底部为粒径0.03~0.05m鹅卵石,厚0.2m;上部为粒径0.003~0.01m瓜子片石,厚0.1m;中部为粒径0.01~0.03m石子,厚0.7m,填料基质孔隙率为0.25-0.35。为防止填料下漏,每一层都分别铺放土工布,三个单元之中栽种风车草。垂直潜流型人工湿地尺寸为3.6m×9m×1.2m,垂直潜流型人工湿地均匀分为三个单元,水流在垂直潜流型人工湿地中的水力停留时间约为24h,利用垂直潜流型人工湿地对污水中的污染物进行吸附、滞留、过滤、氧化还原、沉淀、微生物分解、转化、植物遮蔽、残留物积累、蒸腾水分和养分吸收作用达到净化效果。垂直潜流型人工湿地系统能够形成前端好氧,中部兼性厌氧,后部厌氧的水体环境。这种好氧与厌氧条件的共存为根区的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供了不同的适宜的小生境,必将促进污染物的降解转化,特别是污水脱氮过程中的硝化与反硝化作用,使得该垂直流人工湿地系统在污水处理中发挥出独特的作用,填料层及植物的根系对水中的总磷有吸附吸收作用。In the specific implementation, vertical fourth and fifth partitions are arranged at horizontal intervals in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, and the vertical subsurface constructed wetland is divided into a unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland which is independent of each other, the vertical subsurface The second unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the third unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, the sewage enters the second water tank evenly from the overflow hole at the bottom of the first unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The size of the second water tank is 1.2m×9m×0.3m. The first unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland flows through the filler from bottom to top through the permeable holes on the fourth partition to the second unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The permeable holes on the fifth clapboard reach the third unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland. The packing specifications and thicknesses in the first unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland, the second unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland and the third unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland are the same, and the bottom is Cobblestones with a particle size of 0.03-0.05m and a thickness of 0.2m; the upper part is melon seeds with a particle size of 0.003-0.01m and a thickness of 0.1m; the middle part is pebbles with a particle size of 0.01-0.03m, with a thickness of 0.7m, and the porosity of the filler matrix is 0.25-0.35. In order to prevent the leakage of the filler, geotextiles are laid on each layer, and windmill grass is planted in the three units. The size of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland is 3.6m×9m×1.2m. The vertical subsurface constructed wetland is evenly divided into three units. The hydraulic retention time of the water flow in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland is about 24h. The pollutants in the sewage undergo adsorption, retention, filtration, redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shading, residue accumulation, transpiration moisture and nutrient absorption to achieve purification effects. The vertical subsurface constructed wetland system can form an aerobic water environment in the front, facultative anaerobic in the middle, and anaerobic in the rear. This coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions provides different suitable niches for aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the root zone, which will surely promote the degradation and transformation of pollutants, especially in the process of sewage denitrification. The nitrification and denitrification of the vertical flow constructed wetland system play a unique role in sewage treatment. The filler layer and the root system of plants can absorb and absorb the total phosphorus in the water.
本具体实施方式中,还包括设置在垂直潜流型人工湿地54与水平潜流型人工湿地55之间的复氧槽67,复氧槽进水端位于垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端下方且二者之间形成一段供垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端出水跌水的距离,复氧槽出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端相连。In this specific embodiment, it also includes a
这样,垂直潜流型人工湿地出水端出水能够呈水幕状跌落时与空气较为充分混合后在进入到复氧槽,并且在复氧槽内能够呈薄层水流,大气复氧较快。并且复氧槽给水流再次复氧,使其进入水平潜流型人工湿地之后能够更好地提高处理效果。In this way, the water at the outlet end of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland can be more fully mixed with the air when it falls in the shape of a water curtain, and then enter the re-oxygenation tank, and can form a thin layer of water flow in the re-oxygenation tank, and the atmospheric re-oxygenation is faster. And the re-oxygenation tank re-oxygenates the water flow again, so that it can better improve the treatment effect after it enters the horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland.
本实施方式中,复氧槽出水端与水平潜流型人工湿地进水端位于水平潜流型人工湿地所在区域一侧高度方向上的中部位置,水平潜流型人工湿地的出水端位于水平潜流型人工湿地所在区域另一侧高度方向上的上端位置。In this embodiment, the water outlet end of the re-oxygenation tank and the water inlet end of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland are located in the middle position in the height direction of one side of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, and the water outlet end of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is located at the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. The upper end position in the height direction on the other side of the area.
这样,经过复氧槽再次补充氧气后的水流从水平潜流型人工湿地中部位置进入,使得水平潜流型人工湿地下部为水体流动性较差的区域并利于厌氧且不好动的细菌着床,而水平潜流型人工湿地中上部为好氧区域且水平潜流型人工湿地整体流动性较缓。故在水平潜流型人工湿地内能够再次形成好氧与厌氧交替的处理区域,且各区域由于水体流动性较为缓慢使其为水处理细菌提供的着床环境整体上又区别于垂直潜流型人工湿地,使其在植物根系和填料内形成更丰富的为更多类别的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供的适宜的小生境。故水平潜流型人工湿地的设置,能够进一步提高系统的整体水处理效果,提高污水处理质量。同时在水平潜流型人工湿地中,水流速度变慢后能够形成出水前的再次沉降,保证了出水的清澈度。In this way, the water flow after supplementing oxygen through the re-oxygenation tank enters from the middle of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, so that the lower part of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is an area with poor water fluidity and is conducive to the implantation of anaerobic and immobile bacteria. In contrast, the middle and upper parts of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland are aerobic areas, and the overall mobility of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is relatively slow. Therefore, aerobic and anaerobic alternate treatment areas can be formed again in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, and the implantation environment provided by the water treatment bacteria in each area is generally different from that of the vertical subsurface artificial wetland due to the slow fluidity of the water body. Wetlands can form more abundant suitable niches for more types of aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in plant roots and fillers. Therefore, the setting of horizontal subsurface constructed wetland can further improve the overall water treatment effect of the system and improve the quality of sewage treatment. At the same time, in the horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland, after the water flow speed becomes slow, it can form the subsidence again before the water is discharged, which ensures the clarity of the water.
具体地说,本实施方式中,所述复氧槽距垂直潜流型人工湿地上端(垂直潜流型人工湿地三单元上端的出水口)出水口竖直高度为0.3m,水流呈水幕状跌落时与空气较为充分混合,且在复氧槽中形成4-5mm的薄层水流,大气复氧较快,由复氧槽靠近水平潜流型人工湿地一侧中部位置进水端均布的进水孔将水流均匀分流至水平潜流型人工湿地。所述水平潜流型人工湿地填料层自下而上分别为粒径为0.06-0.09m大砾石,厚0.25m;粒径为0.02-0.04m小砾石,厚0.2m;粒径为0.01–0.02m碎石屑,厚0.15m;粒径为0.01–0.02m沸石负载氧化铜,厚0.1m;填料基质孔隙率为0.25-0.35,为防止填料下漏,每一层都分别铺放土工布,湿地内可以栽种风车草。水平潜流型人工湿地尺寸为1.2m×9m×0.8m,水流在水平潜流型人工湿地中的水力停留时间约为10.5h,利用水平潜流型人工湿地进一步形成好氧与厌氧条件共存的环境,为根区的好氧、兼性厌氧和厌氧微生物提供了不同的适宜的小生境,再结合填料层及植物的根系对水中的总磷分别有吸附与吸收作用,进一步提高水处理效果。Specifically, in this embodiment, the vertical height of the re-oxygenation tank from the upper end of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland (the water outlet at the upper end of the third unit of the vertical subsurface constructed wetland) is 0.3m. It is more fully mixed with the air, and a thin layer of water flow of 4-5mm is formed in the re-oxygenation tank, and the atmospheric re-oxygenation is faster. The water inlet holes are evenly distributed at the water inlet end of the re-oxygenation tank near the middle of one side of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. The water flow is evenly distributed to the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. The horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland packing layers are, from bottom to top, large gravel with a particle size of 0.06-0.09m and a thickness of 0.25m; small gravel with a particle size of 0.02-0.04m and a thickness of 0.2m; particle size of 0.01-0.02m Crushed stone chips, thickness of 0.15m; particle size of 0.01-0.02m zeolite-supported copper oxide, thickness of 0.1m; filler matrix porosity of 0.25-0.35. Windmill grass can be planted inside. The size of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is 1.2m×9m×0.8m, and the hydraulic retention time of the water flow in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is about 10.5h. The horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is used to further form an environment where aerobic and anaerobic conditions coexist. It provides different suitable niches for aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in the root zone. Combined with the filler layer and the root system of plants, the total phosphorus in the water can be adsorbed and absorbed respectively, which further improves the water treatment effect.
本实施方式中,水平潜流型人工湿地内填料顶层铺有一层沸石负载氧化铜的抗菌填料沸石。水流经过时由抗菌填料过滤去除SS,沸石还可进一步去除污水中的磷的同时,高效杀灭病原菌进行消毒。In this embodiment, a layer of antibacterial filler zeolite with zeolite-supported copper oxide is spread on the top layer of the filler in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. When the water flows through, SS is removed by antibacterial filler filtration, and the zeolite can further remove phosphorus in sewage, and at the same time efficiently kill pathogenic bacteria for disinfection.
本具体实施方式中,还包括与水流在水平潜流型人工湿出水端相连的后处理单元79,在后处理单元出水端连接有所述排水管并形成出水端;所述后处理单元内装有活性炭。In this specific embodiment, it also includes a
这样,通过在后处理单元内装有活性炭,水流经过后处理单元时由活性炭对水中的杂质进行吸附去除,使得出水干净澄澈,再经与后处理单元出水端相连的排水管排出。In this way, by installing activated carbon in the post-processing unit, the activated carbon adsorbs and removes impurities in the water when the water flows through the post-processing unit, so that the effluent is clean and clear, and then discharged through the drain pipe connected to the water outlet of the post-processing unit.
具体实施时,所述后处理单元采用以下优选参数,其尺寸为1.2m×1.2m×0.7m,所述后处理单元中活性炭孔隙率为0.25-0.35。During specific implementation, the post-processing unit adopts the following preferred parameters, the size of which is 1.2m×1.2m×0.7m, and the porosity of the activated carbon in the post-processing unit is 0.25-0.35.
本具体实施方式中,所述进料固液分离单元51包括斜向设置的固液分离管68,固液分离管下方设置有粪便收集池69,固液分离管上端上方斜向上敞口且正对衔接于污水进水管道出料端下方,固液分离管下端设有端部分离格网并形成出水端,对应固液分离管下端下方衔接有集水桶70;集水桶上端悬挂在第一绳索下端71,第一绳索另一端分别绕过位于集水桶上方的第一定滑轮72和位于固液分离管上端的第二定滑轮73后向下和固液分离管上端连接;集水桶下端设有出水孔,出水孔处设置有能够间隔地控制出水的自动出水控制装置74,所述固液分离管下端通过与竖向的第二绳索75的下端相连并使其可转动地定位在进料固液分离单元内;使得当固液分离管内累积一定量固态成分后,上端能够在自重作用下向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起,且使得固液分离管上端向下转动至斜向下状态并将其内累积的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池,固液分离管内固态成分滑出后,集水桶能够通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态;进料固液分离单元内还设有竖向的第三绳索76,第三绳索的下端与集水桶相连并用于对集水桶下行至极限位置限位。In this specific embodiment, the feed solid-
这样,进料固液分离单元在工作时,生活污水被收集后流经污水进水管道,从污水进水管道的出口端流出并从固液分离管上端敞口流入。生活污水流入固液分离管后,固液分离管将生活污水中的固态成分拦截并累积在固液分离管内部,生活污水中的液态成分从固液分离管下端形成的出水端流出并被收集在集水桶内。当固液分离管内累积一定量固态成分后,集水桶内收集的污水达到一定量,出水孔处设置的自动出水控制装置控制出水孔出水。集水桶内的污水被放空或是被放出一定量,且同时固液分离管内固态成分累积到一定量使得第一绳索两端失去平衡后,固液分离管上端能够在自重作用下向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起,且固液分离管上端向下转动至斜向下状态并将其内累积的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池。固液分离管内固态成分滑出后,集水桶能够通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态,使得第一绳索两端恢复原始平衡状态。这样的结构使得生活污水进入固液分离管后,直至固液分离管将收集到的固态成分从端部敞口处滑出至下方的粪便收集池的过程中,固液分离管是持续的对进入到其内部的生活污水进行固液分离的,对生活污水固液分离是持续进行的,能够更好的将村庄生活污水中污泥和粪污进行分离,提高污水处理质量。In this way, when the feed solid-liquid separation unit is in operation, the domestic sewage is collected and flows through the sewage inlet pipe, flows out from the outlet end of the sewage inlet pipe, and flows in from the open upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe. After the domestic sewage flows into the solid-liquid separation tube, the solid-liquid separation tube intercepts the solid components in the domestic sewage and accumulates in the solid-liquid separation tube, and the liquid components in the domestic sewage flow out from the water outlet formed at the lower end of the solid-liquid separation tube and are collected. in the collection bucket. When a certain amount of solid components is accumulated in the solid-liquid separation pipe, the sewage collected in the water collecting bucket reaches a certain amount, and the automatic water outlet control device set at the water outlet controls the water outlet from the water outlet. After the sewage in the collecting bucket is emptied or released to a certain amount, and at the same time, the solid components in the solid-liquid separation tube accumulate to a certain amount, so that the two ends of the first rope are out of balance, the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube can rotate downwards under the action of its own weight. Pull up the water collecting bucket after the water comes out through the first rope, and turn the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe downward to a state of oblique downward, and slide the accumulated solid components from the opening of the end to the fecal collection tank below . After the solid components in the solid-liquid separation tube slide out, the water collecting bucket can pull the upper end of the solid-liquid separation tube back to the upwardly inclined state through the first rope, so that the two ends of the first rope return to the original equilibrium state. Such a structure enables the solid-liquid separation tube to continuously adjust the solid-liquid separation tube until the solid-liquid separation tube slides out the collected solid components from the open end to the fecal collection tank below after the domestic sewage enters the solid-liquid separation tube. The solid-liquid separation of the domestic sewage entering into it is carried out continuously, which can better separate the sludge and manure in the domestic sewage of the village and improve the quality of sewage treatment.
具体实施时进料固液分离单元,也可以采用直接设置一个斜向的格栅,让待处理的废弃物掉入到格栅上并慢慢向下滑动,滑动过程中使其液体顺格栅过滤到格栅下方,固态部分随格栅滑出到前方,进而实现固液分离。这种固液分离单元结构更加简单,成本低廉。但具体使用时,废弃物在格栅上停留时间无法控制,经常导致很短时间内液体还来不及滤下就随固态部分一起顺格栅滑下。导致固液分离效果较差且难以控制。而上述的固液分离单元使用时,可以使得固态部分一直停留在固液分离管内慢慢过滤出液态部分,故具有非常好的固液分离效果。In the specific implementation, the solid-liquid separation unit of the feeding material can also be directly set with an oblique grille, so that the waste to be treated falls on the grille and slowly slides down. During the sliding process, the liquid flows along the grille. Filter to the bottom of the grid, and the solid part slides out to the front with the grid, thereby realizing solid-liquid separation. The solid-liquid separation unit has a simpler structure and lower cost. However, in specific use, the residence time of the waste on the grid cannot be controlled, which often causes the liquid to slide down the grid together with the solid part before being filtered out in a very short time. This results in poor solid-liquid separation and difficult to control. When the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation unit is used, the solid part can stay in the solid-liquid separation tube and slowly filter out the liquid part, so it has a very good solid-liquid separation effect.
本具体实施方式中,所述固液分离管下部沿轴向设置有内部分离格网使得分离格网上部形成固态部分堆积空间77,分离格网下部形成污水汇聚空间78。In this specific embodiment, the lower part of the solid-liquid separation tube is provided with an internal separation grid along the axial direction, so that the upper part of the separation grid forms a solid
这样,生活污水废弃物(主要为粪便)等流入固液分离管后,废弃物先进入到固液分离管内的分离格网上部形成的固态部分堆积空间,分离格网能够对生活污水中的固态部分和液态部分进行分离,液态部分分离后进入到分离格网下部形成污水汇聚空间,并从固液分离管出水端流出。这样废弃物掉入到固液分离管后立即就可以进行固液分离,故这样能够提高固液分离管的固液分离效率,提高固液分离质量。In this way, after the domestic sewage waste (mainly feces) flows into the solid-liquid separation pipe, the waste first enters the solid part accumulation space formed on the upper part of the separation grid in the solid-liquid separation pipe. The part and the liquid part are separated, and the liquid part enters the lower part of the separation grid to form a sewage gathering space, and flows out from the outlet end of the solid-liquid separation pipe. In this way, solid-liquid separation can be performed immediately after the waste falls into the solid-liquid separation tube, so the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the solid-liquid separation tube can be improved, and the quality of solid-liquid separation can be improved.
本具体实施方式中,在固液分离管内腔及其分离格网表面涂抹设置有不粘性材料。(优选采用纳米材料涂抹)。In this specific embodiment, the inner cavity of the solid-liquid separation tube and the surface of the separation grid are coated with non-sticky material. (preferably coated with nanomaterials).
这样,在进行固液分离时,固态部分和液态部分能够更好的实现分离,并且再将固态部分从固液分离管倾倒至粪便收集池时,固态部分不易粘接在固液分离管内腔,具有更加方便实现固液分离的优点。In this way, during the solid-liquid separation, the solid part and the liquid part can be better separated, and when the solid part is poured from the solid-liquid separation tube to the feces collection tank, the solid part is not easy to adhere to the inner cavity of the solid-liquid separation tube. It has the advantage of more convenient realization of solid-liquid separation.
本具体实施方式中,集水桶70两侧和进料固液分离单元内腔壁之间可以增加竖向导向滑动配合结构。In this specific embodiment, a vertical guide sliding fit structure can be added between the two sides of the
这样,集水桶两侧和进料固液分离单元内腔壁之间增加竖向导向滑动配合结构,使得固液分离管上端向下转动并通过第一绳索将出水后的集水桶向上拉起时以及集水桶竖向向下运动并通过第一绳索将固液分离管上端拉回至向上倾斜状态时,集水桶竖向运行更加平稳。In this way, a vertical guide sliding fitting structure is added between the two sides of the water collecting bucket and the inner cavity wall of the solid-liquid separation unit, so that the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe is rotated downward and the water collecting bucket after water is pulled up through the first rope. And when the water collecting bucket moves vertically downward and the upper end of the solid-liquid separation pipe is pulled back to the upwardly inclined state through the first rope, the vertical running of the water collecting bucket is more stable.
本具体实施方式中,所述自动出水控制装置74为对应出水孔设置的落水胆并用于间隔地控制出水孔出水。In this specific embodiment, the automatic water
这样,将自动出水控制装置设置为现有的落水胆,具有结构简单,方便安装使用的优点。In this way, the automatic water outlet control device is set as the existing water tank, which has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation and use.
本具体实施方式中,对应集水桶下端出水孔位置设有进水渠80,进水渠整体呈扁平的盒体结构且上端和一侧呈开放结构,且进水渠的开放侧形成出水端,进水渠上端与集水桶下端出水口连通。In this specific embodiment, the
这样,在集水桶下端出水孔位置设有进水渠,进水渠的开放侧形成出水端并用于与厌氧处理单元进水端衔接,具有使得污水更加均匀的进入厌氧处理单元的优点。In this way, a water inlet channel is provided at the position of the water outlet hole at the lower end of the water collecting bucket, and the open side of the water inlet channel forms a water outlet end and is used to connect with the water inlet end of the anaerobic treatment unit, which has the advantage of making the sewage enter the anaerobic treatment unit more uniformly.
本发明还公开了一种适用于村庄的生活污水处理方法,其特点在于,包括以下步骤,a先实现生活污水的固液分离,将分离出的固态部分单独收集处理,将分离出的液体污水部分进行后续净化处理;b将液体污水依次进行间歇式的厌氧分解、曝气充氧、利用植物根系吸收结合垂直潜流方式和水平潜流实现好氧兼厌氧多种方式复合分解,最后经填料沸石负载氧化铜消毒并灭除污水中的病原菌后流进后处理单元。The invention also discloses a domestic sewage treatment method suitable for villages, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a firstly realize the solid-liquid separation of the domestic sewage, collect and process the separated solid part separately, and separate the separated liquid sewage Part of the follow-up purification treatment; b. The liquid sewage is sequentially subjected to intermittent anaerobic decomposition, aeration and oxygenation, absorption by plant roots combined with vertical subsurface flow and horizontal subsurface flow to achieve aerobic and anaerobic composite decomposition, and finally through the filler. The zeolite-loaded copper oxide is sterilized and the pathogenic bacteria in the sewage are eliminated, and then flows into the post-treatment unit.
这样,采用上述方法对生活污水进行处理,具有污水处理质量更好,处理效率更高的优点。In this way, using the above method to treat domestic sewage has the advantages of better sewage treatment quality and higher treatment efficiency.
本具体实施方式中,本方法采用了上述结构的一体化处理系统实现。In this specific embodiment, the method is implemented by using the integrated processing system with the above structure.
这样,采用上述结构的一体化处理系统实现,具有能够提高污水处理质量,提高污水处理能力,能够更好的将村庄生活污水中污泥和粪污进行分离的优点。In this way, the implementation of the integrated treatment system with the above structure has the advantages of improving the quality of sewage treatment, improving the sewage treatment capacity, and being able to better separate the sludge and feces in the domestic sewage of the village.
综上所述,本发明的有益效果是:实现粪污分流、粪便还田、中水回用、污染物的协同去除,在低成本条件下取得良好的处理效果;还能够避免淡水资源遭到破坏,起到保护环境的作用。本发明通过粪污分离单(及前述的固液分离单元)元为用于将粪污分流,实现资源化利用,使得粪便进入粪便收集池,污水进入厌氧处理单元;通过厌氧处理单元在厌氧菌的作用下,使复杂的有机物被降解、转化为简单的有机物,同时释放能能量;湿地中氧环境较差,当处理较高浓度的污水时,人工湿地仍不足以满足有机物及氨氮的氧化去除,因此,本发明通过射流曝气器对厌氧单元的出水进行曝气复氧以及通过跌水至复氧槽对垂直潜流型人工湿地的出水进行复氧以解决人工湿地床体供氧不足的问题;通过人工湿地滤料上的生物膜对污水中的污染物质进行降解,上层土壤存在大量的植物根系、微生物和土壤矿物对污水中污染物质吸收、降解置换等物理化学及生物作用,达到净化污水的目的;水平潜流型人工湿地顶层填料为抗菌填料沸石负载氧化铜,水流经过时由抗菌填料过滤去除SS,沸石还可进一步去除污水中的磷的同时,高效杀灭病原菌进行消毒;后处理单元内装有活性炭,水流经过后处理单元时由活性炭对水中的杂质进行吸附去除,使得出水干净澄澈;总之,本发明污水处理和运行成本低,处理效果好,出水水质可达国家城镇污水排放标准。本发明在我国广大农村具有广阔的应用前景。To sum up, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: realizing the diversion of feces, returning feces to the fields, reuse of reclaimed water, and synergistic removal of pollutants, and achieving good treatment effects under low-cost conditions; damage to protect the environment. The present invention uses the manure separation unit (and the aforementioned solid-liquid separation unit) to divert the manure to realize resource utilization, so that the manure enters the manure collection tank, and the sewage enters the anaerobic treatment unit; Under the action of anaerobic bacteria, complex organic matter is degraded and converted into simple organic matter, and energy is released at the same time; the oxygen environment in the wetland is poor, and the constructed wetland is still not enough to meet the requirements of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen when dealing with high-concentration sewage. Therefore, in the present invention, the effluent of the anaerobic unit is aerated and re-oxygenated by the jet aerator and the effluent of the vertical submerged constructed wetland is re-oxygenated by dropping the water to the re-oxygenation tank to solve the problem of the artificial wetland bed supply. The problem of insufficient oxygen; the biofilm on the constructed wetland filter material degrades the pollutants in the sewage, and there are a large number of plant roots, microorganisms and soil minerals in the upper soil to absorb, degrade and replace the pollutants in the sewage. Physical, chemical and biological effects , to achieve the purpose of purifying sewage; the top filler of the horizontal submerged constructed wetland is an antibacterial filler zeolite loaded with copper oxide, and the antibacterial filler will filter to remove SS when the water flows through. Activated carbon is installed in the post-processing unit, and the activated carbon adsorbs and removes impurities in the water when the water flows through the post-processing unit, so that the effluent is clean and clear; Sewage discharge standards. The invention has broad application prospects in the vast rural areas of our country.
上述的处理系统在实际应用中,可以通过以下的计算公式确定各个单元的规格:In practical application of the above processing system, the specifications of each unit can be determined by the following calculation formula:
厌氧处理单元面积计算:Anaerobic treatment unit area calculation:
其中:in:
A为厌氧处理单元面积,Q为设计流量,A is the area of the anaerobic treatment unit, Q is the design flow,
C0为进水BOD,mg/L,C 0 is the influent BOD, mg/L,
C1为出水BOD,mg/L,C 1 is effluent BOD, mg/L,
qos为表面有机负荷kg/m2·d,可根据规范选出。q os is the surface organic load kg/m 2 ·d, which can be selected according to the specification.
水力停留时间计算:Calculation of hydraulic retention time:
其中:t为水力停留时间,Q为设计流量,Where: t is the hydraulic retention time, Q is the design flow,
V为厌氧处理单元中填料的体积,V is the volume of filler in the anaerobic treatment unit,
ε为孔隙率。ε is the porosity.
表面水力负荷计算:Surface Hydraulic Load Calculation:
其中:qhs为表面水力负荷,Q为设计流量,Where: q hs is the surface hydraulic load, Q is the design flow,
A为厌氧处理单元面积。A is the area of the anaerobic treatment unit.
垂直潜流型人工湿地面积计算:Calculation of vertical subsurface constructed wetland area:
其中:A为垂直潜流型人工湿地面积,Q为设计流量,Among them: A is the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland area, Q is the design flow,
C0为进水BOD,mg/L,C 0 is the influent BOD, mg/L,
C1为出水BOD,mg/L,C 1 is effluent BOD, mg/L,
qos为表面有机负荷kg/m2·d,可根据规范选出。q os is the surface organic load kg/m 2 ·d, which can be selected according to the specification.
水力停留时间计算:Calculation of hydraulic retention time:
其中:t为水力停留时间,where: t is the hydraulic retention time,
Q为设计流量,Q is the design flow,
V为垂直潜流型人工湿地中基质的体积,V is the volume of the matrix in the vertical subsurface constructed wetland,
ε为孔隙率。ε is the porosity.
表面水力负荷计算:Surface Hydraulic Load Calculation:
其中:qhs为表面水力负荷,Q为设计流量,Where: q hs is the surface hydraulic load, Q is the design flow,
A为垂直潜流型人工湿地面积。A is the area of vertical subsurface constructed wetland.
水平潜流型人工湿地面积计算:Area calculation of horizontal subsurface constructed wetland:
其中:A为水平潜流型人工湿地面积,Among them: A is the area of horizontal subsurface constructed wetland,
Q为设计流量,Q is the design flow,
C0为进水BOD,mg/L,C 0 is the influent BOD, mg/L,
C1为出水BOD,mg/L,C 1 is effluent BOD, mg/L,
qos为表面有机负荷kg/m2·d,可根据规范选出。q os is the surface organic load kg/m 2 ·d, which can be selected according to the specification.
水力停留时间计算:Calculation of hydraulic retention time:
其中:t为水力停留时间,Q为设计流量,Where: t is the hydraulic retention time, Q is the design flow,
V为水平潜流型人工湿地中基质的体积,V is the volume of the substrate in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland,
ε为孔隙率。ε is the porosity.
表面水力负荷计算:Surface Hydraulic Load Calculation:
其中:qhs为表面水力负荷,where: q hs is the surface hydraulic load,
Q为设计流量,Q is the design flow,
A为垂直潜流型人工湿地面积。A is the area of vertical subsurface constructed wetland.
所述后处理单元内装有活性炭,水流经过后处理单元时由活性炭对水中的杂质进行吸附去除,使得出水干净澄澈,最后出水再经排水管排出。The post-processing unit is equipped with activated carbon, and when the water flows through the post-processing unit, the activated carbon adsorbs and removes impurities in the water, so that the effluent is clean and clear, and finally the effluent is discharged through a drain pipe.
后处理单元尺寸计算:Post-processing unit size calculation:
其中:V为后处理单元内基质填料体积,Where: V is the volume of the matrix filler in the post-processing unit,
t为水力停留时间,t is the hydraulic retention time,
Q为设计流量,Q is the design flow,
ε为孔隙率。ε is the porosity.
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CN207861997U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-09-14 | 兰州交通大学 | Material filling type anaerobic reactor is combined artificial wetland rural sewage processing system |
CN209530302U (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-10-25 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | A kind of environmental project equipment for separating liquid from solid |
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CN1597562A (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-23 | 中国农业大学 | System and method for treating of sewage by combined artificial wet land |
CN1693231A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2005-11-09 | 重庆大学 | Baffled wetland filter + lateral subsurface flow wetland bed sewage treatment system and method |
CN1792883A (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2006-06-28 | 南京大学 | Automatic aeration system for underflow type artificial wet land |
CN106830545A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 四川理工学院 | A kind of combination type wetland drop water aeration sewage disposal system and method |
CN207861997U (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-09-14 | 兰州交通大学 | Material filling type anaerobic reactor is combined artificial wetland rural sewage processing system |
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