CN102976548A - Zero emission district sewage resource treatment apparatus - Google Patents
Zero emission district sewage resource treatment apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置,经本装置处理后的水质可到达回用要求。本发明装置由生化处理系统、物化处理系统、消毒系统和生物除臭系统组成。生化处理系统由格栅、调节池、提升泵、曝气生物滤池依次通过管路连接组成。曝气生物滤池内设有填料,填料装填高度1-2米。物化系统由中间水池、石英砂过滤器和活性炭过滤器组成。消毒系统包括消毒池和二氧化氯发生器,消毒池内接触时间2min。调节池内污水所产生的臭气经收集后被生物除臭系统吸附降解。本发明装置充分发挥生物处理工艺的优势,同时尽量减少了物化处理费用,设备简单,运行费用低,是一项针对小区污水处理和回用的实用可行技术。
The invention relates to a zero-discharge residential sewage resource treatment device, and the water quality treated by the device can meet the reuse requirement. The device of the invention is composed of a biochemical treatment system, a physical and chemical treatment system, a disinfection system and a biological deodorization system. The biochemical treatment system consists of a grille, a regulating tank, a lifting pump, and a biological aerated filter tank connected by pipelines in turn. The biological aerated filter is provided with packing, and the packing height is 1-2 meters. The physical and chemical system consists of an intermediate pool, a quartz sand filter and an activated carbon filter. The disinfection system includes a disinfection pool and a chlorine dioxide generator, and the contact time in the disinfection pool is 2 minutes. The odor produced by the sewage in the adjustment pool is collected and then absorbed and degraded by the biological deodorization system. The device of the invention fully utilizes the advantages of the biological treatment process, and at the same time reduces the cost of physical and chemical treatment as much as possible, has simple equipment and low operating cost, and is a practical and feasible technology for sewage treatment and reuse in residential quarters.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于污水处理与资源化技术的领域,特别涉及一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置,处理后的水质可到达不同的回用要求。 The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment and resource utilization, and in particular relates to a zero-discharge sewage resource treatment device in residential quarters. The treated water quality can meet different reuse requirements.
背景技术 Background technique
我国水资源人均占有量不足2200m3,仅为世界平均水平的1/4,是美国的20%,俄罗斯的15%。全国每年缺水近400亿m3,全国660多座城市中有400多座城市面临缺水问题,城市、工业年缺水近60亿m3,农业每年因旱减产粮食280多亿公斤。随着中国工业化和城市化进程的快速推进,城市的缺水现象更加严重。同时,随着国家经济的飞速发展,城市规模不断向周围扩展。在众多城市的边缘地区以及旅游景区出现了新的建筑小区,有宾馆、住宅、学校、休闲娱乐设施、医院等。由于小区位置分散,若全部污水依靠城市污水厂处理,收集输送难度较大,小区的污水若都就近排入地面水体,会污染了周围环境,特别是有些旅游景点,地面水体水质恶化,与周围环境极不协调。另外,小区绿化、水景等引起用水量不断加大,使城市供水能力显得不足,造成我国水资源危机日益严重。为了缓解水资源危机,针对居民小区污水状况及杂用水要求,建立小区污水处理站,将污水处理达标后作为杂用水回用于小区,这是解决现有生活污水排放污染及及解决用水不足问题行之有效的手段 China's per capita water resources are less than 2200m 3 , which is only 1/4 of the world's average level, 20% of that of the United States, and 15% of that of Russia. The country suffers from a water shortage of nearly 40 billion m 3 every year, and more than 400 of the 660 cities in the country are facing water shortages. Urban and industrial water shortages are nearly 6 billion m 3 annually, and agricultural production is reduced by more than 28 billion kilograms of grain every year due to drought. With the rapid advancement of China's industrialization and urbanization process, the phenomenon of water shortage in cities has become more serious. At the same time, with the rapid development of the country's economy, the scale of the city continues to expand around. New building communities have appeared in the fringe areas of many cities and tourist attractions, including hotels, residences, schools, leisure and entertainment facilities, hospitals, etc. Due to the scattered location of the community, if all sewage is treated by urban sewage plants, it will be difficult to collect and transport. If all the sewage in the community is discharged into the ground water body nearby, it will pollute the surrounding environment, especially in some tourist attractions, where the water quality of the ground water body deteriorates, and the surrounding environment The environment is extremely uncoordinated. In addition, community greening, water features, etc. have caused increasing water consumption, making the city's water supply capacity insufficient, and causing my country's water resource crisis to become increasingly serious. In order to alleviate the crisis of water resources, according to the sewage conditions and miscellaneous water requirements of residential quarters, a community sewage treatment station is established, and the sewage treatment reaches the standard and is reused as miscellaneous water in the community. This is to solve the existing sewage discharge pollution and solve the problem of water shortage. effective means
生活污水是一种稳定的水资源,小区的生活污水经过适当处理后,不仅可以为水资源匮乏地区提供了新的“水源”,即使对水源丰沛的地区,也可以起到防治污染的作用,减轻城市下水管网和污水处理的压力,具有很好的社会效益和经济效益。 Domestic sewage is a stable water resource. After proper treatment, the domestic sewage in the community can not only provide a new "water source" for areas with scarce water resources, but also play a role in preventing and controlling pollution even in areas with abundant water resources. It can reduce the pressure of urban sewer network and sewage treatment, and has good social and economic benefits.
但目前常用的污水处理和中水制备方法大多是建造大型污水处理厂或污水处理装置,而缺少适用于社区、园区、楼宇乃至家庭的污水处理技术与设备。 However, most of the commonly used sewage treatment and reclaimed water preparation methods are to build large-scale sewage treatment plants or sewage treatment devices, but there is a lack of sewage treatment technologies and equipment suitable for communities, parks, buildings and even households.
小区生活污水处理及回用工艺是在传统的城市污水处理工艺的基础上起来的,多采用生物处理+物化处理工艺。对于生物处理单元,通常采用活性污泥法或生物膜法,虽然这些技术较成熟,但活性污泥法对冲击负荷适应能力差,易发生污泥膨胀,处理构筑物多,占地面积大,基建投资和运行费用高,管理复杂等,不适宜小区污水处理。生物膜法具有抗冲击负荷、适宜中小水量等优点,但其负荷较低,投资高,其中,生物接触氧化是应用最广泛的方法,主要优点是停留时间短、易挂膜,尤其适合设备化,埋地建设倍受用户青睐,但由于维修管理及设备防腐等方面的问题,近年来应用受到限制。对于物化处理,主要采用混凝沉淀+ 过滤+消毒处理,具有占地面积小,异味小等优点,但运行管理复杂,投资和运行成本高。近年新兴的膜生物反应器虽可省去二沉池和砂滤池,但由于膜材料价格昂贵,使膜生物反应器的投资成本及运行费用都较高。因此开发经济高效的污水处理与回用方法仍然是很必要的。 The residential sewage treatment and reuse process is based on the traditional urban sewage treatment process, and mostly adopts biological treatment + physical and chemical treatment process. For biological treatment units, activated sludge method or biofilm method is usually used. Although these technologies are relatively mature, the activated sludge method has poor adaptability to impact loads, is prone to sludge bulking, has many treatment structures, occupies a large area, and requires infrastructure High investment and operating costs, complicated management, etc., are not suitable for community sewage treatment. The biofilm method has the advantages of anti-shock load, suitable for small and medium water volumes, etc., but its load is low and the investment is high. Among them, biological contact oxidation is the most widely used method. The main advantages are short residence time and easy film formation, especially suitable for equipment. , Buried construction is favored by users, but due to problems in maintenance management and equipment anticorrosion, its application has been limited in recent years. For physical and chemical treatment, coagulation sedimentation + filtration + disinfection are mainly used, which has the advantages of small footprint and low odor, but the operation management is complicated, and the investment and operation costs are high. Although the emerging membrane bioreactor in recent years can save the secondary sedimentation tank and sand filter, the investment cost and operating cost of the membrane bioreactor are relatively high due to the high price of membrane materials. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop cost-effective wastewater treatment and reuse methods.
本发明针对小区中水处理常用技术存在的缺陷和不足,以及城市用水量剧增,对中水回用量以及回用用途激增等现状,综合活性污泥法和生物膜法的优势,提出一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理技术,并在此技术的基础上开发发明一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置,通过负荷匹配实现生化-物化联合调控优化组合,对小区污水进行有效稳定的处理并回用。 The present invention aims at the defects and insufficiencies of the commonly used technologies for reclaimed water treatment in residential quarters, as well as the sharp increase in urban water consumption, the reclaimed water reuse amount and the sharp increase in reuse purposes, etc., and integrates the advantages of the activated sludge method and the biofilm method, and proposes a Zero-discharge community sewage resource treatment technology, and on the basis of this technology, develop and invent a zero-discharge community sewage resource treatment device, realize biochemical-physicochemical joint regulation and optimization combination through load matching, and effectively and stably treat community sewage Process and reuse.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于开发一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置。该装置具有投资少、占地面积小、运行费用低、管理方便的特点,适合于小型化、商品化和定型化。 The purpose of the present invention is to develop a zero-discharge residential sewage resource treatment device. The device has the characteristics of low investment, small occupied area, low operating cost and convenient management, and is suitable for miniaturization, commercialization and finalization.
本发明提出的一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置由生化处理系统、物化处理系统、消毒系统及臭气处理系统组成,各系统之间通过管路连接。 A zero-discharge residential sewage resource treatment device proposed by the present invention is composed of a biochemical treatment system, a physical and chemical treatment system, a disinfection system and an odor treatment system, and the systems are connected by pipelines.
所述生化处理系统由格栅、调节池、提升泵及曝气生物滤池依次通过管路连接组成。其中格栅、调节池可以合建,可以将格栅置于调节池的污水入流端,主要作用是去除大块悬浮物和固体颗粒,调节水量水质。调节池内设提升泵,用于将调节后的水提升至曝气生物池。曝气生物滤池是集好氧或缺氧的生物降解和过滤为一体的污水处理工作单元,具有去除SS、COD、BOD、硝化、脱氮、降磷的作用。其特点是在一级强化处理的基础上集生物氧化与过滤于一体,节省了二次沉淀池,其容积负荷大,水力停留时间短,基建投资少,出水水质好,能源消耗低,运行费用省。 The biochemical treatment system is composed of a grille, a regulating tank, a lift pump and a biological aerated filter tank which are sequentially connected by pipelines. Among them, the grid and the regulating tank can be built together, and the grid can be placed at the sewage inflow end of the regulating tank. The main function is to remove large suspended solids and solid particles, and adjust the water quality and water quality. A lifting pump is installed in the adjusting tank, which is used to lift the adjusted water to the aerated biological tank. Biological aerated filter is a sewage treatment unit integrating aerobic or anoxic biodegradation and filtration. It has the functions of removing SS, COD, BOD, nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus reduction. It is characterized by the integration of biological oxidation and filtration on the basis of the first-level intensive treatment, saving the secondary sedimentation tank, its large volume load, short hydraulic retention time, low infrastructure investment, good effluent quality, low energy consumption, and low operating costs. Province.
所述由格栅、调节池及曝气生物滤池组成的生化系统采用埋地设计,格栅置于调节池的污水入流端、调节池采用密闭设计,臭气收集后进入生物除臭系统。 The biochemical system composed of grille, regulating tank and biological aerated filter adopts a buried design, the grille is placed at the sewage inflow end of the regulating tank, and the regulating tank adopts a closed design, and the odor is collected and enters the biological deodorization system.
所述生物除臭系统采用生物滤池技术除臭,气体接触停留时间30s。 The biological deodorization system adopts biological filter technology to deodorize, and the gas contact residence time is 30s.
所述曝气生物滤池内设有填料,填料装填密度为20%-30%(体积比),填料装填高度1-2米。填料不仅起到过滤作用,而且其表面附着生物膜,能提高系统的生物量,尤其是为生长缓慢的硝化细菌提供了附着表面,有效提高系统的内的硝化菌数量,同时,填料生物膜内部的缺氧或厌氧环境为反硝化菌和聚磷菌提供了合适的生长环境,进而提高系统的脱氮除磷效果。 The biological aerated filter is provided with fillers, the packing density is 20%-30% (volume ratio), and the packing height is 1-2 meters. The filler not only acts as a filter, but also adheres to the biofilm on its surface, which can increase the biomass of the system, especially provides an attachment surface for slow-growing nitrifying bacteria, and effectively increases the number of nitrifying bacteria in the system. At the same time, the filler inside the biofilm The anoxic or anaerobic environment provides a suitable growth environment for denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, thereby improving the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the system.
所述物化系统采用石英砂过滤器-活性炭过滤器所组成的过滤吸附工艺,由中间水池、石英砂过滤器和活性炭过滤器组成。其中中间水池的作用主要是缓冲作用,内设中间提升泵,污水依次经过石英砂过滤器和活性炭过滤器,去除细小悬浮物和部分有机物后进入清水池,短暂停留后进入消毒系统。 The physical and chemical system adopts a filtration and adsorption process composed of a quartz sand filter-activated carbon filter, and is composed of an intermediate pool, a quartz sand filter and an activated carbon filter. Among them, the function of the middle pool is mainly a buffering effect. There is a middle lift pump inside. The sewage passes through the quartz sand filter and the activated carbon filter in turn to remove fine suspended solids and some organic matter and then enters the clear water pool. After a short stay, it enters the disinfection system.
所述石英砂过滤器前设投药系统,包括加药单元和快速配药混合单元。其中加药单元主要加注絮凝剂,采用直接投加。快速配药混合单元采用混合池,内设搅拌机,转速为260-300rpm,加药泵从混合池提升药液直接注入石英砂过滤器的进水前端,并通过道混合器的水力混合作用与原水充分混均。 The quartz sand filter is preceded by a dosing system, including a dosing unit and a rapid dosing mixing unit. Among them, the dosing unit mainly adds flocculant, which adopts direct dosing. The rapid dispensing mixing unit adopts a mixing tank with a mixer inside, and the rotation speed is 260-300rpm. The dosing pump lifts the liquid medicine from the mixing tank and directly injects it into the water inlet front of the quartz sand filter, and fully mixes with the raw water through the hydraulic mixing of the channel mixer. Mix well.
所述消毒系统包括消毒池和二氧化氯发生器,需消毒原水进入消毒池,与二氧化氯发生器提供的二氧化氯溶液进行接触,接触时间2min,达到消毒目的。消毒后的水可以通过变频泵直接供给用户用于冲厕或杂用。 The disinfection system includes a disinfection tank and a chlorine dioxide generator. The raw water to be disinfected enters the disinfection tank and contacts the chlorine dioxide solution provided by the chlorine dioxide generator for 2 minutes to achieve the purpose of disinfection. The sterilized water can be directly supplied to the user through the variable frequency pump for toilet flushing or miscellaneous purposes.
所述零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置在运行过程所产生的少量剩余污泥、设备排污及过滤器反冲洗水均收集进入调节水池,进入系统,达到零排放。 A small amount of excess sludge, equipment sewage and filter backwash water generated during the operation of the zero-discharge residential sewage resource treatment device are all collected into the regulating pool and into the system to achieve zero discharge.
本发明装置经效能优化形成的负荷匹配关系,可实现生化处理+物化处理联合调控优化组合。 The load matching relationship formed by the performance optimization of the device of the present invention can realize the joint regulation and optimization combination of biochemical treatment + physical and chemical treatment.
所述系统的最佳工况匹配如下:曝气生物滤池:HRT=1.5-2h, BOD5负荷=3-6 kgBOD5/m3/d;石英砂过滤:滤速v=8-12m/s,活性炭过滤滤速v=8-10m/s,消毒池接触时间2min。 The best working conditions of the system are matched as follows: biological aerated filter: HRT=1.5-2h, BOD 5 load=3-6 kgBOD 5 /m 3 /d; quartz sand filtration: filtration rate v=8-12m/ s, activated carbon filtration rate v=8-10m/s, disinfection pool contact time 2min.
本发明提出的处理装置和工作过程如下: Processing device and work process that the present invention proposes are as follows:
第一步:小区污水通过曝气生物滤池的生化处理工艺段,去除大部分的COD,SS,TN,TP等污染物; Step 1: Residential sewage passes through the biochemical treatment section of the biological aerated filter to remove most of the COD, SS, TN, TP and other pollutants;
第二步:生化处理出水进入中间水池,由提升泵提升,依次进入石英砂过滤器和活性炭过滤器,进一步去除SS,COD及TP等污染物,经消毒后既达到城市杂用水水质标准; Step 2: The effluent from biochemical treatment enters the intermediate pool, is lifted by the lifting pump, and then enters the quartz sand filter and activated carbon filter in turn to further remove pollutants such as SS, COD and TP, and reach the urban miscellaneous water quality standard after disinfection;
本发明的优点如下: The advantages of the present invention are as follows:
1、本发明适用于小区污水处理并回用,本系统充分发挥生物处理工艺的优势,同时尽量减少了物化处理费用。由于该组合工艺受水质影响小,设备简单,运行费用低,是一种基于小区污水处理和回用的实用可行技术的小区污水处理与资源化装置。 1. The present invention is suitable for sewage treatment and reuse in residential quarters. This system gives full play to the advantages of biological treatment processes while reducing physical and chemical treatment costs as much as possible. Because the combined process is less affected by water quality, the equipment is simple, and the operating cost is low, it is a residential sewage treatment and resource recovery device based on the practical and feasible technology of residential sewage treatment and reuse.
2、本发明具有高效节能、全自动控制,操作简单,维护方便,出水水质稳定可靠,出水可回用于冲厕、浇花、养鱼及建筑施工用水等,特别适用于水质性缺水和水资源紧缺地区以及生态旅游风景区、各类中小型生活污水处理、中水回用、节能节水零排放工程等。 2. The invention has high efficiency, energy saving, automatic control, simple operation, convenient maintenance, stable and reliable effluent water quality, and the effluent water can be reused for flushing toilets, watering flowers, fish farming and construction water, etc., especially suitable for water shortage and Water-shortage areas and eco-tourism scenic spots, various small and medium-sized domestic sewage treatment, reclaimed water reuse, energy-saving, water-saving and zero-discharge projects, etc.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述的一种零排放的小区污水资源化处理装置示意图。图中的数字分别表示: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a zero-discharge residential sewage resource treatment device according to the present invention. The numbers in the figure represent:
1.进水 2.格栅池 3.格栅 4.调节水池
1.
5.潜水泵 6. 曝气生物滤池 7.中间水池 8. 排污排泥管
5. Submersible pump 6. Biological aerated filter 7.
9.提升水泵 10.石英砂过滤器 11.臭氧发生器 12.活性炭过滤器
9. Lifting
13.清水池 14.二氧化氯发生器 15.消毒接触池 16.出水管
13. Clean water pool 14.
17. 排污排水管 18. 填料 19.臭气收集管道 20.生物除臭系统
17. Sewage and
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本组合处理系统包括生物处理系统和物化处理系统两部分,参见图1。 The combined treatment system includes two parts: a biological treatment system and a physical and chemical treatment system, see Figure 1.
生物处理系统:其由格栅池2、调节水池4及曝气生物滤池6组成。
Biological treatment system: it consists of
小区生活污水经收集后进入格栅池2,经格栅3拦截去除大块的漂浮物质后进入调节水池4,再经安装在调节水池4底部的潜水泵5提升进入曝气生物滤池6内,流经填料18时,与填料上的微生物充分接触,依截流和生化作用,达到去除有机物、氮和磷的目的。经处理后的污水进入中间水池7。经提升泵9提升,依次经过石英砂过滤器10进一步去除悬浮固体后,与臭氧发生器11产生的臭氧混合后,进入活性炭过滤器12,去除残余的有机污染物,出水达到城市杂用水水质要求(城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质-GB/T18920-2002),储存于清水池13内,经消毒后用于城市杂用。
The domestic sewage in the community enters the
格栅池2、调节水池3及曝气生物滤池6内的臭气经臭气收集管道19收集后进入生物除臭系统20进行处理后排放。
The odor in the
进入系统的污水中COD为150-600mg/L,TN浓度为37~55 mg/l,NH3-N浓度为36-45 mg/l,TP浓度为5-15mg/l,处理后的污水中BOD为5-8mg/L,TN浓度为5~15 mg/l,NH3-N浓度为0-8 mg/l,TP浓度为1-5 mg/l,总大肠菌群<3个/L,污染物去除效果显著。 The COD in the sewage entering the system is 150-600mg/L, the TN concentration is 37-55 mg/l, the NH 3 -N concentration is 36-45 mg/l, and the TP concentration is 5-15mg/l. BOD is 5-8 mg/L, TN concentration is 5-15 mg/l, NH 3 -N concentration is 0-8 mg/l, TP concentration is 1-5 mg/l, total coliforms <3/L , the pollutant removal effect is remarkable.
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