CN110638080A - Biomass fuel and baking method for improving smoking quality of Yunyan 87 - Google Patents
Biomass fuel and baking method for improving smoking quality of Yunyan 87 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass fuel and a baking method for improving smoking quality of cloud smoke 87. The biomass fuel is prepared by crushing straws into granules under the conditions of high pressure and medium temperature, then adding mineral additives accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the straw granules, uniformly mixing, and forming under the conditions that the pressure is 50-100 Mpa and the temperature is 100-120 ℃. The baking method takes the biomass fuel as baking fuel and comprises the steps of fresh leaf harvesting, biomass fuel preparation, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control. The biomass fuel solves the problems of environmental pollution of the traditional fire coal, slow initial temperature rise and unstable later combustion in the baking process, and the baking method adopts the biomass fuel and the stage control, so that the starch and protein contents of the baked tobacco leaves are obviously reduced, the fragrance and the first-class tobacco ratio of the tobacco leaves are effectively improved, and the sensory smoke panel quality and the economic benefit of the tobacco leaves are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco baking, and particularly relates to a biomass fuel with low pollutant emission, quick initial temperature rise in baking and stable later combustion, and a baking method capable of effectively improving the tobacco fragrance and smoke quality evaluation of Yunyan 87 with a high first-class tobacco ratio.
Background
The Yunyan 87 variety is obtained by hybridization breeding by taking Yunyan No. two as a female parent and K326 as a male parent, is approved by the national new variety approval committee in 2002, and is very suitable for being planted in an area with the altitude of 1500-1800 m. Although the cultivation history of the Yunyan 87 is short, the yield is moderate and high, and the roasted tobacco leaves are golden yellow, moderate in thickness, rich in oil, strong in luster, thick in smoke and strong in strength, and are very ideal main material tobacco leaves. In recent years, with the expansion of the cultivation area of the Yunyan cigarette 87, the ratio of ash hanging and mixed color smoke during the roasting of the Yunyan cigarette 87 is high due to the fact that roasting equipment and matched processes are not in place, the income of tobacco growers is directly reduced greatly, the technical personnel for purchasing the base-level tobacco and the tobacco growers generate the fear of being afraid of roasting, and the supply and sustainable development of high-quality raw materials in the cigarette industry are influenced.
The traditional tobacco leaf baking is coal baking, although materials are convenient to obtain, the problems of large pollution and high cost exist, the combustion is relatively lagged after the coal is ignited or added in the tobacco leaf baking, the temperature is 2-4 ℃ lower than that of biomass fuel in the prior art, so that the critical yellowing initial temperature rise rate is low, and the phenomena of black tobacco baking and green tobacco baking with different degrees occur after the tobacco leaf baking; when the charging and air are sufficient during the coal baking, the temperature in the later period can rise rapidly, so that the temperature in the baking room fluctuates suddenly and suddenly, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves of the baked Yunyan tobacco 87 is low, and the content of nitrogen-containing compounds such as total nitrogen, protein and volatile alkali is high, so that the tobacco leaves after baking are high in miscellaneous gas and irritation, and the quality of the fragrance is greatly influenced.
Aiming at the problems in coal baking, common biomass fuel baking, electric baking and natural gas baking are adopted at present, and although the problems of large environmental pollution, combustion delay after ignition, mixed gas of tobacco leaves after baking and large irritation are solved, the problems of short combustion time and difficult control of temperature stability are also existed because the common biomass fuel is uneven in texture, low in calorific value and easy to break. In addition, although the temperature stability of the electric baking and the natural gas baking is easy to control, the electric baking has the practical problems of high power supply capacity expansion cost and difficult stable power supply due to the fact that tobacco leaves are baked and distributed in vast rural areas, and the natural gas baking has high fuel cost, difficult security guarantee and difficult supply, so that the electric baking and the natural gas baking can only be limited to partial areas and are difficult to widely popularize and apply.
Therefore, the key for solving the problems is to develop a biomass energy baking method which can improve smoking quality of the cloud tobacco 87, effectively improve the quality of the baked tobacco leaves and achieve energy conservation and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the biomass fuel which has low pollutant discharge, quick initial temperature rise in the baking process and stable later combustion, and also provides the baking method which can effectively improve the tobacco fragrance and the smoke quality evaluation of the Yunyan 87 with the first-class smoke proportion.
The biomass fuel is prepared by crushing straws into granules under the conditions that the pressure is 50 ~ 200Mpa and the temperature is 150-300 ℃, then adding mineral additives accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the straw granules, uniformly mixing, and molding under the conditions that the pressure is 50-100 Mpa and the temperature is 100-120 ℃.
The baking method for improving smoking quality of the cloud smoke 87 is realized as follows: the method comprises the steps of fresh leaf harvesting, biomass fuel preparation, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) fresh leaves are collected: harvesting tobacco leaves of mature Yunyan 87 variety tobacco plants;
B. preparing biomass fuel: preparing the straws into the biomass fuel according to the claim 1, 2 or 3;
C. charging: c, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods, and putting the rods into a curing barn for curing;
D. controlling the yellowing stage: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the temperature of dry balls is increased to 35-37 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet balls is increased to 34-36 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and baked to 1/3 for yellowing of the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer; after the yellowing initial stage is finished, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 37-39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h in the middle yellowing stage, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35-37 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer are baked to be yellow 2/3; after the middle yellowing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 39-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-39 ℃, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves on the bottom table are baked until the tobacco leaves are completely yellow;
E. controlling the fixation period: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, and the baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein in the color fixing initial stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43-46 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38-40 ℃, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; in the latter color fixing stage, after the initial color fixing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 50-56 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is increased to 40-43 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked until the vein and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
F. controlling a tendon drying period: and D, baking the biomass fuel prepared in the step B, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h after the step E is finished, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39-43 ℃, then, baking the dry and wet pellets until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are dried, and finally, cooling the tobacco leaves along with the furnace and discharging the tobacco leaves out of the furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biomass fuel provided by the invention is independent tobacco straw or mainly made of tobacco straw, so that the tobacco straw produced in tobacco production can be changed into valuable, and the pollution of the traditional combustion of the tobacco straw to the atmosphere is avoided.
2. The biomass fuel is independent tobacco straw or mainly made of tobacco straw, and the formed biomass fuel is combusted and heated, so that the tobacco leaves are baked by special tobacco aromatic substances in the tobacco straw, and the smoking quality of the baked tobacco leaves is remarkably improved (the total industrial evaluation score is over 80).
3. The biomass fuel provided by the invention is prepared by independently taking tobacco straws or mainly taking the tobacco straws as a main material, carbonizing and crushing the main material at medium temperature and high pressure, adding the mineral additive, and molding the main material at medium temperature and high pressure to obtain the biomass fuel which is uniform in texture, not easy to break, smokeless in combustion and high in heat value, so that the combustion time is relatively long, and the fuel does not need to be frequently added, thereby facilitating the temperature control in the combustion process.
4. The baking method adopts the biomass fuel as baking energy, can control the baking temperature and humidity more stably, does not generate the condition of temperature drop or violent temperature rise, has high initial temperature rise rate, can meet the temperature rise requirement in a short time, has stable post combustion, can obviously improve the execution rate of the scientific baking process, and effectively avoids the phenomena of black smoke baking and green smoke baking which are easy to occur in the traditional baking.
5. The baking method of the invention adopts the biomass fuel of the invention as baking energy, and the emission of smoke dust in the baking process is reduced by 1700 mg/m3About, the CO emission is reduced by 20000 mg/m3Left and right, SO2The discharge amount is reduced by 700 mg/m3Left and right, and the tobacco leaves after baking have less miscellaneous gas and irritation; according to the characteristics of the Yunyan 87 tobacco leaves, the tolerance ranges of the dry-wet bulb temperatures in the yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the dry-rib stage in the baking process are widened by 2-4 ℃ compared with those of the traditional process, so that the baking difficulty of the Yunyan 87 tobacco leaves can be remarkably reduced, the sensory evaluation quality after the tobacco leaves are baked can be effectively improved, and the industrial availability is completely met.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto in any way, and any modification or improvement based on the teaching of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
The biomass fuel is prepared by crushing straws into granules under the conditions that the pressure is 50 ~ 200Mpa and the temperature is 150-300 ℃, then adding mineral additives accounting for 5-15% of the weight of the straw granules, uniformly mixing, and molding under the conditions that the pressure is 50-100 Mpa and the temperature is 100-120 ℃.
The biomass fuel is characterized by comprising straw, biomass fuel and a processing method, wherein the straw is tobacco straw, or the tobacco straw is not less than 50% and is mixed with at least one of wheat straw and corn straw, the humidity of the straw is 12-18%, the straw is subjected to impurity removal, extrusion and cutting treatment, and then is crushed into particles with the length and the width smaller than 2mm under the conditions that the pressure is 50 ~ 200Mpa and the temperature is 150-300 ℃, and the biomass fuel is a cylinder with the diameter of 6-8 mm and the length of 4-6 cm or a polygonal column with the circumscribed circle diameter of 6-8 mm and the length of 4-6 cm.
The mineral additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of calcium oxide, 20-25% of calcium carbonate, 8-12% of ferric oxide and the balance of attapulgite clay.
The invention discloses a baking method for improving smoking quality of Yunyan 87, which comprises the steps of fresh leaf harvesting, biomass fuel preparation, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) fresh leaves are collected: harvesting tobacco leaves of mature Yunyan 87 variety tobacco plants;
B. preparing biomass fuel: preparing the straws into the biomass fuel according to the claim 1, 2 or 3;
C. charging: c, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods, and putting the rods into a curing barn for curing;
D. controlling the yellowing stage: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the temperature of dry balls is increased to 35-37 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet balls is increased to 34-36 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and baked to 1/3 for yellowing of the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer; after the yellowing initial stage is finished, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 37-39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h in the middle yellowing stage, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35-37 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer are baked to be yellow 2/3; after the middle yellowing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 39-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-39 ℃, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves on the bottom table are baked until the tobacco leaves are completely yellow;
E. controlling the fixation period: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, and the baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein in the color fixing initial stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43-46 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38-40 ℃, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; in the latter color fixing stage, after the initial color fixing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 50-56 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is increased to 40-43 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked until the vein and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
F. controlling a tendon drying period: and D, baking the biomass fuel prepared in the step B, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h after the step E is finished, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39-43 ℃, then, baking the dry and wet pellets until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are dried, and finally, cooling the tobacco leaves along with the furnace and discharging the tobacco leaves out of the furnace.
And D, collecting any one or more of lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves of the tobacco plants in the step A.
The tobacco leaves of the Yunyan 87 variety cured in the step A are represented as follows: the color of the leaves is light yellow, the main veins are white and bright, the branch veins are white, the leaf tips and the leaf margins roll down, the leaf surfaces are wrinkled, mature spots exist, and most of the fuzz falls off.
C, after the tobacco leaves are woven into rods, the tobacco leaves are put into an ascending type bulk curing barn, and the tobacco leaves are woven into the rods in the same principle, namely, the tobacco leaves are the same in quality and the same in position and are proper in density; the principle of loading into the bulk curing barn is that the bulk curing barn is homogeneous, and the density of tobacco loaded in the curing barn is 42-45 kg/m3And loading the tobacco to more than 95 percent of the volume of the curing barn.
And D, performing stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 28-34 h at the early yellowing stage to enable the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer to turn yellow 1/3, performing stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 18-25 h at the middle yellowing stage to enable the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer to turn yellow 2/3, and performing stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 12-24 h at the later yellowing stage to enable the tobacco leaves in the bottom stage to turn yellow completely.
And E, baking at a stable dry and wet bulb temperature for 10-15 hours in the initial color fixing stage to enable the veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn to turn yellow, and baking at a stable dry and wet bulb temperature for 20-25 hours in the later color fixing stage to enable the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn to be dried.
And F, baking for 24-29 h at stable dry and wet bulb temperatures until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the full curing barn are dried.
Example 1
S100: tobacco leaves of 87 variety tobacco plants of Dakexiang ripe Yunyan tobacco in Shilin county, Kunming city are collected.
S200: the method comprises the steps of collecting tobacco straw raw materials with the humidity of 12-15%, firstly removing impurities, extruding and cutting, then crushing the raw materials into particles with the length and the width smaller than 2mm under the conditions that the pressure is 50-70 MPa and the temperature is 150-180 ℃, then adding mineral additives (comprising 15% of calcium oxide, 23% of calcium carbonate, 10% of ferric oxide and 52% of attapulgite clay according to weight percentage) in an amount of 10% of the weight of the straw particles, uniformly mixing, finally deforming and heating the uniformly mixed raw materials under the pressure of 50-100 MPa, forming the raw materials after the temperature reaches 100-120 ℃, and forming the cylindrical biomass fuel with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 4 cm.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 42 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 96% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the biomass fuel prepared in S200 is used for carrying out stage baking, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 35 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 34 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 28h to enable the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer to become yellow 1/3; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 37 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 35 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet bulb temperatures for baking for 18h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 39 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 14h until the bottom tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the biomass fuel prepared by S200 is used for stage baking, including an initial stage of color fixing and a later stage of color fixing, wherein the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43 ℃ at the initial stage of color fixing at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 13h until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 50 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 40 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 20h until the branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: and (3) baking the biomass fuel prepared in the S200, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 65 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 39 ℃, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature for baking for 24h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried, and finally cooling along with the furnace and discharging from the furnace.
Example 2
S100: tobacco leaves of a Yunxi town mature Yunyan 87 variety tobacco plant in Yuxi City are collected.
S200: the method comprises the steps of collecting tobacco straws and corn straw raw materials with the humidity of 15-18% (the weight ratio of the tobacco straws to the corn straws is 4: 1), removing impurities, extruding and cutting, then crushing the raw materials into particles with the length and the width smaller than 2mm under the conditions that the pressure is 70-90 Mpa and the temperature is 180-200 ℃, then adding mineral additives (comprising 10% of calcium oxide, 25% of calcium carbonate, 12% of iron oxide and 53% of attapulgite clay in percentage by weight) with the weight of 5% of the straw particles, uniformly mixing, finally deforming and heating the uniformly mixed raw materials under the pressure of 50-100 Mpa, forming after the temperature reaches 100-120 ℃, and forming the polygonal prism biomass fuel with the diameter of 8mm and the length of 6cm of an external circle.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 45 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 98% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the biomass fuel prepared in S200 is used for carrying out stage baking, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 36 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 30h to enable the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer to become yellow 1/3; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 38 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry and wet bulb temperatures for 20h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 18h until the bottom table tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the biomass fuel prepared by S200 is used for stage baking, including an initial stage of color fixing and a later stage of color fixing, wherein the dry bulb temperature is increased to 44 ℃ at the initial stage of color fixing at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 15h until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 52 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 41 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 20h until the branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: and (3) baking the biomass fuel prepared in the S200, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 66 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 41 ℃, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature for baking for 26h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried, and finally cooling along with the furnace and discharging from the furnace.
Example 3
S100: tobacco leaves of a Yunyan 87 variety tobacco strain mature in Hongyu town of Midu county, Dalizhou are collected.
S200: the method comprises the steps of collecting tobacco straw and wheat straw raw materials with humidity of 14-16% (the weight ratio of the tobacco straw to the corn straw is 5: 1), removing impurities, extruding and cutting, then crushing into particles with length and width smaller than 2mm under the conditions that the pressure is 60-90 Mpa and the temperature is 170-200 ℃, then adding mineral additives (comprising 20% of calcium oxide, 25% of calcium carbonate, 8% of iron oxide and 47% of attapulgite clay in percentage by weight) with weight of 15% of straw particles, uniformly mixing, finally deforming and heating the uniformly mixed raw materials under the pressure of 50-100 Mpa, forming after the temperature reaches 100-120 ℃, and forming the cylindrical biomass fuel with diameter of 5mm and length of 5 cm.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 43 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 97% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the biomass fuel prepared in S200 is used for carrying out stage baking, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 37 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 34h to enable the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer to become yellow 1/3; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 39 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet bulb temperatures for baking for 25h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 22h until the bottom tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the biomass fuel prepared by S200 is used for stage baking, including an initial stage of color fixing and a later stage of color fixing, wherein the dry bulb temperature is increased to 46 ℃ at the initial stage of color fixing at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 10h until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 56 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 43 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 25h until the vein and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: and (3) baking the biomass fuel prepared in the S200, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 43 ℃, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature for baking for 29h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried, and finally cooling along with the furnace and discharging from the furnace.
Example 4
S100: tobacco leaves of 87 variety tobacco plants of Dakexiang ripe Yunyan tobacco in Shilin county, Kunming city are collected.
S200: conventional ordinary coal is used.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 45 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 96% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the method comprises the steps of using common fire coal as fuel to conduct stage baking, wherein the stage baking comprises a yellowing initial stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, the temperature of a dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 36 ℃ at the yellowing initial stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted from room temperature to 34 ℃, and then the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stabilized to be baked for 28h to be yellowed 1/3 of tobacco leaves in a high temperature layer; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 37 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 35 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet bulb temperatures for baking for 18h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 39 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 14h until the bottom tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out stage baking by using common fire coal as fuel, wherein the stage baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43 ℃ at the color fixing initial stage at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 15h until the branches of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 50 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 40 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 20h until the branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: baking by using common fire coal as fuel, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 65 ℃ and the wet-bulb temperature to 39 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, baking for 24h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the full curing barn is dried, cooling along with the furnace, and discharging from the furnace.
Example 5
S100: tobacco leaves of a Yunxi town mature Yunyan 87 variety tobacco plant in Yuxi City are collected.
S200: conventional ordinary coal is used.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 45 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 96% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the method comprises the steps of using common fire coal as fuel to conduct stage baking, wherein the stage baking comprises a yellowing initial stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, the temperature of a dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 37 ℃ at the yellowing initial stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted from room temperature to 35 ℃, and then the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stabilized to be baked for 30h to be yellowed 1/3 of tobacco leaves in a high temperature layer; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 38 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry and wet bulb temperatures for 20h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 40 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 18h until the bottom table tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out stage baking by using common fire coal as fuel, wherein the stage baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 44 ℃ at the color fixing initial stage at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 13h until the branches of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 52 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 41 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 20h until the branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: baking by using common fire coal as fuel, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 66 ℃ and the wet-bulb temperature to 41 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, baking for 26h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the full curing barn is dried, and finally cooling along with the furnace and discharging from the furnace.
Example 6
S100: tobacco leaves of a Yunyan 87 variety tobacco strain mature in Hongyu town of Midu county, Dalizhou are collected.
S200: conventional ordinary coal is used.
S300: the tobacco leaves harvested in S100 are made into rods according to the principle of same rod, same part and proper density, and then according to the principle of same furnace, 45 kg/m3The density of (A) was filled into a baking room to 96% of the volume to be baked.
S400: the method comprises the steps of using common fire coal as fuel to conduct stage baking, wherein the stage baking comprises a yellowing initial stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, the temperature of a dry bulb is increased from room temperature to 37 ℃ at the yellowing initial stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted from room temperature to 36 ℃, and then the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stabilized to be baked for 34h to be yellowed 1/3 of tobacco leaves in a high temperature layer; then entering a yellowing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 39 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet bulb temperatures for baking for 25h to ensure that the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer become yellow 2/3; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 42 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 22h until the bottom tobacco leaves are completely yellow.
S500: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out stage baking by using common fire coal as fuel, wherein the stage baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 46 ℃ at the color fixing initial stage at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized for baking for 10h until the branches of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 56 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 43 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 25h until the vein and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S600: baking by using common fire coal as fuel, raising the dry-bulb temperature to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 43 ℃, stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, baking for 29h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves in the full curing barn is dried, cooling along with the furnace, and discharging from the furnace.
Test set 1 was run as in example 1, test set 2 was run as in example 2, and test set 3 was run as in example 3; control 1 was performed as in example 4, control 2 was performed as in example 5, and control 3 was performed as in example 6, and the test results were shown in tables 1-8, respectively in the red rock town of Kyowa and Midu prefecture, Kyowa, Queen city.
TABLE 1 tobacco baking quality (Dakexiang baking Shilin county)
As can be seen from table 1, the superior smoke percentage of the test group 1 was higher than that of the control group 1 by 9%; the average price of the test group 1 is 1.7 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group; the first-class smoke percentage of the test group 2 is 9% higher than that of the control group 2; the average price of the test group 2 is 1.75 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 2; the first-class smoke percentage of the test group 3 is 10% higher than that of the control group 3; the average valence of the test group 3 is 1.74 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group.
TABLE 2 tobacco baking quality (Midu county Hongyan town baking)
As can be seen from table 2, the superior smoke percentage of the test group 1 was higher than the superior smoke percentage of the control group 1 by 10%; the average price of the test group 1 is 1.77 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group; the first-class smoke percentage of the test group 2 is 9% higher than that of the control group 2; the average price of the test group 2 is 1.79 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 2; the first-class smoke percentage of the test group 3 is 9% higher than that of the control group 3; the average valence of the test group 3 is 1.81 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group.
TABLE 3 different fuel emissions (Dakexiang baking Shilin county)
As can be seen from Table 3, the ratio of the emission of soot of test group 1 to the emission of soot of control group 1 was 1720.76 mg/m lower3(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 1 is 20202 mg/m lower than that of the control group 13(ii) a SO of test group 12SO of the emission ratio of the control group 12The emission is low at 702 mg/m3。
As can be seen from Table 3, the ratio of the emission of soot of test group 2 to the emission of soot of control group 2 was 1721.03 mg/m lower3(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 2 is 20315 mg/m lower than that of the control group 23(ii) a SO of test group 22SO of the emission ratio of the control group 22The discharge amount is low 711 mg/m3。
As can be seen from Table 3, the ratio of the smoke discharge amount of the test group 3 to the smoke discharge amount of the control group 3 was 1720.39 mg/m lower3(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 3 was 20482 mg/m lower than that of the control group 33(ii) a SO of test group 32SO of the emission ratio of the control group 32The emission is low in 713 mg/m3。
TABLE 4 different fuel emissions (baking Hongyu Midu county)
As can be seen from Table 4, the ratio of the emission of soot of test group 1 to the emission of soot of control group 1 was 1722.96 mg/m lower3(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 1 was 20346 mg/m lower than that of the control group 13(ii) a SO of test group 12SO of the emission ratio of the control group 12The emission is low at 703mg/m3(ii) a The smoke emission of the test group 2 is 1739.54 mg/m lower than that of the control group 23(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 2 is 20395 mg/m lower than that of the control group 23(ii) a SO of test group 22SO of the emission ratio of the control group 22The discharge amount is low at 706 mg/m3(ii) a Test ofThe smoke emission of group 3 is 1788.18 mg/m lower than that of the control group 33(ii) a The CO emission of the test group 3 was 20622 mg/m lower than that of the control group 33(ii) a SO of test group 32SO of the emission ratio of the control group 32The discharge amount is low by 710 mg/m3。
TABLE 5 tobacco sensory evaluation quality (Dakexiang baking Shilin county)
As can be seen from table 5, the sensory panel test quality of the test group 1 was 5.1 points higher than that of the control group 1; the sensory evaluation quality of the test group 2 was 5.7 points higher than that of the control group 2; the sensory evaluation quality of the test group 3 was 6.8 points higher than that of the control group 3.
TABLE 6 tobacco sensory evaluation quality (Midu county Hongyan town baking)
As can be seen from table 6, the sensory panel test quality of the test group 1 was 6.1 points higher than that of the control group 1; the sensory evaluation quality of the test group 2 was 7.3 points higher than that of the control group 2; the sensory evaluation quality of the test group 3 was 7.2 points higher than that of the control group 3.
TABLE 7 flue-cured tobacco appearance quality (Dakexiang baking Shilin county)
As can be seen from table 7, the oil content of the test group 1 was 3 times higher than that of the control group 1; the chroma of the test group 1 is 2 higher than that of the control group 1; the oil of test group 2 was 2 higher than the oil of control group 2; the chroma of the test group 2 is 2 higher than that of the control group 2; the oil of test group 3 was 2 higher than the oil of control group 3; the test group 3 had a 2 higher chroma than the control group 3.
TABLE 8 flue-cured tobacco appearance quality (Midu county Hongyan town baking)
As can be seen from table 8, the oil content of test group 1 was 2 higher than that of control group 1; the chroma of the test group 1 is 1 higher than that of the control group 1; the oil of test group 2 was 3% higher than the oil of control group 2; the chroma of the test group 2 is 1 higher than that of the control group 2; the oil of test group 3 was 3 higher than the oil of control group 3; the test group 3 had a 2 higher chroma than the control group 3.
Claims (10)
1. A biomass fuel is characterized in that straws are crushed into particles under the conditions that the pressure is 50 ~ 200Mpa and the temperature is 150-300 ℃, then mineral additives which are 5-15% of the weight of the straw particles are added and mixed uniformly, and the mixture is molded under the conditions that the pressure is 50-100 Mpa and the temperature is 100-120 ℃ to obtain the biomass fuel.
2. The biomass fuel according to claim 1, wherein the straw is tobacco straw, or the tobacco straw is not less than 50% and is mixed with at least one of wheat straw and corn straw, the straw has a humidity of 12-18%, the straw is subjected to impurity removal, extrusion and cutting treatment, and then is crushed into particles with a length and a width of less than 2mm under the conditions that the pressure is 50 ~ 200MPa and the temperature is 150-300 ℃, and the biomass fuel is a cylinder with a diameter of 6-8 mm and a length of 4-6 cm or a polygonal prism with an external circle diameter of 6-8 mm and a length of 4-6 cm.
3. The biomass fuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mineral additive comprises, in weight percent: 10-20% of calcium oxide, 20-25% of calcium carbonate, 8-12% of ferric oxide and the balance of attapulgite clay.
4. A baking method for improving smoking quality of Yunyan 87 is characterized by comprising the steps of fresh leaf harvesting, biomass fuel preparation, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) fresh leaves are collected: harvesting tobacco leaves of mature Yunyan 87 variety tobacco plants;
B. preparing biomass fuel: preparing the straws into the biomass fuel according to the claim 1, 2 or 3;
C. charging: c, weaving the tobacco leaves collected in the step A into rods, and putting the rods into a curing barn for curing;
D. controlling the yellowing stage: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, including an initial yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage, the temperature of dry balls is increased to 35-37 ℃ from the room temperature in the initial yellowing stage at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of wet balls is increased to 34-36 ℃ from the room temperature, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized for baking hh to enable the high-temperature layer tobacco leaves to become yellow 1/3; after the yellowing initial stage is finished, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 37-39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h in the middle yellowing stage, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35-37 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves in the high temperature layer are baked to be yellow 2/3; after the middle yellowing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 39-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-39 ℃, and then the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and the tobacco leaves on the bottom table are baked until the tobacco leaves are completely yellow;
E. controlling the fixation period: the biomass fuel prepared in the step B is baked in stages, and the baking comprises a color fixing initial stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein in the color fixing initial stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 43-46 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 38-40 ℃, and then the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked until the branch veins of the whole-furnace tobacco leaves turn yellow; in the latter color fixing stage, after the initial color fixing stage is finished, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 50-56 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is increased to 40-43 ℃, and then the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked until the vein and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
F. controlling a tendon drying period: and D, baking the biomass fuel prepared in the step B, raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h after the step E is finished, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39-43 ℃, then, baking the dry and wet pellets until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are dried, and finally, cooling the tobacco leaves along with the furnace and discharging the tobacco leaves out of the furnace.
5. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving the smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 4, wherein any one or more of the lower leaves, the middle leaves and the upper leaves of the tobacco plant are harvested in the step A.
6. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving the smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 5, wherein the tobacco leaves of the Yunyan 87 variety cured in the step A are represented as follows: the color of the leaves is light yellow, the main veins are white and bright, the branch veins are white, the leaf tips and the leaf margins roll down, the leaf surfaces are wrinkled, mature spots exist, and most of the fuzz falls off.
7. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 4, wherein the tobacco leaves in the step C are arranged into an ascending type bulk curing barn after being woven into rods, and the tobacco leaves are woven into the rods in the same principle that the tobacco leaves are the same in quality and the same in position and are proper in density; the principle of loading into the bulk curing barn is that the bulk curing barn is homogeneous, and the density of tobacco loaded in the curing barn is 42-45 kg/m3And loading the tobacco to more than 95 percent of the volume of the curing barn.
8. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 4, wherein the tobacco leaves at the high-temperature layer are yellowed 1/3 by stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 28-34 h in the early yellowing stage, the tobacco leaves at the high-temperature layer are yellowed 2/3 by stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 18-25 h in the middle yellowing stage, and the tobacco leaves at the bottom stage are completely yellowed by stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 12-24 h in the later yellowing stage in the D step.
9. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 4, wherein in the step E, the branches of the tobacco leaves in the whole oven are yellow through stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 10-15 hours in the initial color fixing period, and the branches and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are dried through stable dry and wet bulb temperature baking for 20-25 hours in the later color fixing period.
10. The biomass fuel and the baking method for improving the smoking quality of the Yunyan 87 according to claim 4, wherein the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the full-curing barn are dried by baking for 24-29 hours at stable dry and wet bulb temperatures in the step F.
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