CN110622722A - Cerclage method for shaping camellia oleifera trees - Google Patents
Cerclage method for shaping camellia oleifera trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN110622722A CN110622722A CN201910990639.1A CN201910990639A CN110622722A CN 110622722 A CN110622722 A CN 110622722A CN 201910990639 A CN201910990639 A CN 201910990639A CN 110622722 A CN110622722 A CN 110622722A
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- cerclage
- bald
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- shaping
- binding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a cerclage method for shaping a camellia oleifera tree, which is realized by cerclage of the base of a bone trunk branch which obviously has vertical advantage on a low-age camellia oleifera tree by using a double-strand thin tying wire with the diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm in two days after rain in the period from valley rain to summer. The cerclage effect of the invention is easy and stable, and is convenient for risk prevention and control of large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to improved camellia oleifera cultivation, belongs to the field of economic forest cultivation and utilization, and particularly relates to a cerclage method for shaping camellia oleifera.
Background
The shaping of the oil tea mainly comprises the following purposes: the first is that the height and crown width of the tree can be scientifically adjusted, and the tree is moderately dwarfed; secondly, through reasonable shaping, a firm framework is cultured, the formation of tree crowns is accelerated, the space of trunks, branches, tips, flowers and fruits is reasonably occupied, the coordinated subordination relationship is maintained, and the early high yield of young trees is promoted; thirdly, the proportion of the growing branches and the bearing branches is adjusted through reasonable shaping, the flower bud differentiation is promoted or inhibited, the number of the flower buds is controlled, and the phenomenon that the flower buds are excessively obvious in large and small years is overcome.
The shaping of the camellia oleifera trees is mainly carried out by adopting a pruning method, and short cutting, thinning shearing, shrinking shearing, girdling and the like belong to the specific modes of pruning and shaping. Wherein, the short cutting is to cut off the front end part of the branch tip to reduce the branch part and control the too fast growth of the crown; the pruning is a pruning method for completely pruning the branch tips from the base branches without leaving foundation piles, and mainly reduces the nutrient consumption, adjusts the tree structure and balances the nutrient growth and reproductive growth; the method comprises the following steps of reducing and shrinking and pruning, namely pruning a part of perennial branches, mainly used for rejuvenation of old branches, changing a growth method to adjust growth potential, updating declining fruiting branch groups and the like, wherein girdling refers to girdling or side branches with strong growth potential for more than two years at a smooth position of a base part by a sharp knife for girdling for one circle or several circles, and the girdling is mainly used for promoting flower and keeping fruit of young fruit trees which grow vigorously and are not flowering in proper age; girdling means that trunks or main branches of vigorous growth trees which do not bloom or bloom and are not easy to bear fruits at the proper age are girdled for two circles at a distance of 3-5 mm, and the cortex is stripped, so that the method can be only used for varieties with vigorous growth vigor and strong updating capability; the conventional method of the cerclage is to cerclage the main branch or the big lateral branch growing vigorously by 16# or 14# iron wires for one or two times, the tightness is determined by wetting the surface of the cortex, and the cerclage is generally released in 20-30 days. The ring cutting, ring stripping and ring binding have the same action mechanism but different degrees.
After planting, the improved camellia oleifera tree grows from the initial fruiting stage to the initial fruiting stage, the period is at least 8 years, the pruning aims are to cultivate 3 natural round-head crowns with basically balanced main branches, the balance is relative, the imbalance is absolute, the cultivation process of the reasonable tree shape cannot be once and for all, but is a dynamic process which runs through the entire initial fruiting stage and needs to be adjusted by pruning every year. In the process of large-scale popularization and cultivation of the existing improved variety of camellia oleifera, pruning and shaping are generally carried out by adopting modes such as chopping, thinning and shearing, and the like, the modes are continuously refined pruning modes of cultivating fruit trees, although the modes are already mature pruning methods in the last century, the operation modes of chopping, thinning and shearing are time-consuming, labor-consuming and irreversible. Because the individual difference of the woody tree species accumulated for years is too large, the effect of the existing girdling method is unstable, and because the existing shaping cutter is mostly fixed to the height difference of a 5mm bark layer, the existing girdling method cannot be suitable for trees and is difficult to obtain the consistent effect when being used in a large area.
The current situation that the labor cost is high has been a fixed bureau, technical workers are difficult to find, and particularly, a simple labor-saving pruning mode is urgently needed to be innovated in a large-scale oil tea garden, so that the problem of balance or leaving of bone dry branches is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a cerclage method and device for shaping camellia oleifera.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is characterized in that within two days after rain from grain rain to summer, double-strand thin binding wires with the diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm are used for performing cerclage on the base parts of the bone trunk branches which obviously have vertical advantages on the low-age camellia oleifera.
Further, the cerclage method for shaping the camellia oleifera is specifically completed by the following steps:
(1) selecting an oil tea garden needing to be shaped at the initial stage of result after rain or irrigation, and comparing and determining the bone trunk branch group with the competitive advantage;
(2) taking out a thin binding wire from a binding wire box for placing a plurality of thin binding wires, folding the thin binding wire into two strands, firstly winding 1 complete turn around the base part of the backbone branch, twisting the segments anticlockwise to form a double-strand binding wire ring, wherein the size of the double-strand binding wire ring is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the backbone branch so as to be convenient for inserting two specially-made bald nails;
(3) the two hands respectively hold a special bald nail and respectively insert the bald nails into the bifilar ligation rings from the two sides of the base part of the backbone branch, wherein the bald nail on one side is clockwise pressed by one hand, the bald nail on the other side is anticlockwise pressed by the other hand, and the two hands simultaneously twist the front half ring by force in the opposite directions;
(4) continuing to symmetrically reverse the half circle to finish the whole circle of symmetrically reverse screwed double-strand wire binding ring;
(5) and observing the situation that the thin binding wires are sunk into the depth of the cortex after the backbone branches are screwed up through the symmetrical reverse rotation operation in the steps, shifting the binding wires which are not tightly attached to the backbone branches midway or up and down to enable the double-strand binding wire rings to tightly wind the xylem at the base of the backbone branches as much as possible to form a perfect circle, continuously exerting force on the double hands uniformly until the double-strand binding wires are completely sunk into the cortex in the whole circle, and enabling an operator to have the hand feeling that the binding wires completely bind the xylem.
Furthermore, the specially-made bald nail comprises a rod section and a handheld ring section, wherein the rod section and the handheld ring section are integrally formed or are welded and fixed. The hands can twist in opposite directions to exert force.
Furthermore, the length of the rod section of the specially-made bald nail is 75-80 mm, the inner diameter of the handheld ring section is 23-27 mm, and the outer diameter of the handheld ring section is 31-35 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method is implemented aiming at the oil-tea trees at the early fruiting stage, is completely different from the prior method of using thick iron wires to perform the ring-rolling on the trunks of the trees, cannot influence the yield of the whole trees, inhibits the vertical advantages of the ring-rolled bone trunk branches, only increases the flowering quantity and cannot reduce the flowering quantity, only slightly advances the flowering phase and cannot delay the flowering phase, and therefore, the method is convenient for risk prevention and control of large-scale popularization;
(2) the cerclage effect is easy and stable, whether one hoop or two hoops are tied to ensure that the expected effect is achieved can be determined according to whether the cerclaged bone trunk branches are continuously reserved or not, namely, 3 main branch growth potentials are balanced by one hoop, the cerclage branch group tends to inhibit vegetative growth, and the vertical advantage is alleviated, so that the cerclage branch group is convenient for subsequent utilization and is used for a good-variety oil tea garden which is normally managed every year; the two hoops are bound to aggravate reproductive growth, promote the reproductive growth to bloom and bear fruits more and then shrink and remove the fruits next year, and the method is used for an improved variety oil tea garden without shaping for many years and with disordered bone dry branch distribution. When the method is popularized on a large scale, the operation process is convenient to standardize;
(3) the diameter of the used thin binding wire is only 0.6 mm-0.8 mm, the paired humanized bald nail symmetrical reverse rotation operation with reasonable size is matched, the work efficiency is greatly improved, more than 80 binding hoops can be easily completed by skilled workers every day, the effect duration is long and can exceed 4 months at most, and 100% blocking of the phloem of the whole circle can be realized;
(4) the invention selects the No. 22 fine binding wire as the cerclage consumable, is completely different from the prior 14 No. or 16 No. binding wire, is easy to rust, comprises the used tools, and has no residual pollution to the environment from beginning to end when the technology of the invention is popularized in a large scale, so that the subsequent treatment is not needed;
(5) if the range of the cerclaged bone trunk branch object is expanded, for example, the cerclaged bone trunk branch object is used for occasions where the main branch or the auxiliary main branch needs to be kept continuously, the purpose is to promote the flowering and fruiting of the cerclaged bone trunk branch object to be more, and the ligature is removed after the obvious yellowing effect of leaves is seen for about 20 days. The advantage that the growth vigor can be cancelled and recovered in the midway is that the girdling technology which is popularized at present cannot realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a specially made male spike structure (for men);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a specially made bald nail structure of the present invention (for women);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a wire-binding box for holding a plurality of thin wires according to the present invention (made of wood and processed by a composite board with a thickness of 5 mm);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the thin binder wire of the present invention folded in half and looped into a two-strand binder ring;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the barbed nail of the present invention inserted into a loop of a twinning cable and symmetrically inverted in the first half-loop;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the barbed nail of the present invention inserted into the loop of the twinned ligature and symmetrically inverted for the second half-loop;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the double-strand ligation ring of the present invention sinking into the phloem and tightening the xylem after cerclage tightening.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any variations, whether identical or similar, which do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example one
The cerclage method for shaping the oil-tea camellia tree is specifically completed by the following steps:
(1) with the cerclage equipment provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, before 6 th of the month, selecting an oil tea garden needing to be shaped after rain or after irrigation at the initial stage of the result, and comparing and determining the bone trunk branch groups with competitive advantages;
(2) as shown in fig. 4, a 22# fine binding wire pair with the length of 250mm (2 × 125mm after being folded in half) is taken from a fine binding wire box (the shaping specification is shown in fig. 3) to be folded into two strands, the two strands are wound around the base part of the backbone branch for 1 circle at first, and the two strands are twisted into a double-strand binding wire ring by twisting a joint in the anticlockwise direction, wherein the inner diameter of the binding wire ring is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the backbone branch so as to be conveniently inserted into two bald nails;
(3) as shown in fig. 5, a specially-made bald nail (male or female, see fig. 1 and fig. 2) is respectively held by two hands, an index finger is sleeved in a handheld ring segment 1.2 of the corresponding bald nail, a rod segment 1.1 of the bald nail is respectively inserted into a bifilar ligation ring (namely respectively positioned at one side with a twisted joint and the opposite side thereof) from two sides of the base of a backbone branch, if it is determined that one side with the twisted joint is twisted clockwise, the other side is twisted counterclockwise, and the first half ring is simultaneously twisted by two hands with force in the opposite direction;
(4) continuing symmetrically and reversely twisting the half ring after the half ring is twisted, if the hand is blocked by the branch, taking out and reinserting the bald nail to complete the half ring, and then continuing symmetrically and reversely screwing the bifilar ligation ring by the two hands;
(5) and as shown in fig. 7, observing the situation that the thin binding wires are sunk into the depth of the cortex after the backbone branches are screwed down by the symmetrical reverse rotation operation, shifting the binding wires which are not tightly attached to the backbone branches midway or up and down to enable the bifilar binding wire rings to tightly surround the xylem at the base of the backbone branches as much as possible to form a perfect circle, continuously and uniformly exerting force by two hands until the bifilar binding wires are completely sunk into the cortex all around, and an operator has the hand feeling that the binding wires completely hoop the xylem.
The results of comparative experiments are now carried out with girdling as a control
Considering that girdling is common in the technique popularized in a large area, compared with girdling, in the comparison test of girdling and girdling of the improved variety of camellia oleifera at the initial stage of fruiting, about 100 camellia oleifera trees are processed in two places at different time, and the test comparison is carried out by taking the effect of leaf yellowing as an index, and the results are shown in the following table:
。
from the latest experimental results in the past of the year, the treatment effect is obviously better than that after the last 6 months, so that the large-scale popularization of the invention is recommended to be completed before the last 6 months.
Girdling can block the phloem of the whole circumference by 100 percent as in girdling, but the healing effect is not durable; from the observation of the yellowing effect of the leaves, most of the leaves do not exceed 45 days, and only the cerclage can maintain the effect for about 3 and a half months in most cases.
The principle that the cerclage can inhibit the vegetative growth and promote the reproductive growth of the camellia oleifera is that the phloem of the whole circumference is 100% blocked, so that the photosynthesis products above the cerclage of the bone dry branches can not be conveyed downwards and accumulated, but the water and the nutrient substances at the roots can still be conveyed upwards normally, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of branches above the cerclage is increased, and the differentiation of flower buds is facilitated. Like perennial fruit trees, the factors influencing the flowering amount, fruit setting rate and final yield of the camellia oleifera are too many to be used as indexes for measuring the effect of a single treatment measure such as cerclage or girdling, so the popularization test in the table provided by the invention is visualized and clear by observing the effect of the leaf yellowing degree on the branch groups to be cerclaged or girdled.
The method is characterized in that a large-scale oil tea garden is firstly put into production as soon as possible by utilizing grown bearing mother branches (namely current-year-old branches capable of drawing bearing branches to blossom and bear fruits in the next year), naturally grown branch groups are difficult to be uniformly distributed at the natural round-head-shaped reasonable spatial positions of 3 main branches, particularly, branch groups consisting of bone trunk branches (including main branches, auxiliary main branches or large side branches) positioned at the middle upper part of a tree crown are stronger due to vertical advantages, and compete for being favorable for spatial suppression of other branch groups to form competitive advantages. The control or elimination of competitive bone dry branches with vertical advantages by the invention at the initial stage of the result is to grasp the key minority disturbing the tree form of the low-age camellia oleifera tree and solve the first great problem. The difference of the invention from the previous fine pruning is that the invention is based on the treatment of the base of the backbone branches, one-time cerclage operation is used for regulating and controlling the growth and the result of the whole backbone branch group, the single-branch pruning is replaced one by one, the work efficiency is greatly improved, and on the premise of saving the pruning workload in a large area, the invention provides measures with stronger operability for controlling the year and the year of a large-scale low-age camellia orchard and realizing stable production increase.
Claims (4)
1. A cerclage method for shaping a camellia oleifera tree is characterized in that within two days after rain from grain rain to summer, double strands of thin wires with the diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm are used for cerclage the base parts of bone trunk branches with obvious vertical advantages on a low-age camellia oleifera tree.
2. The cerclage method for shaping the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, which is specifically completed by the following steps:
(1) selecting an oil tea garden needing to be shaped at the initial stage of result after rain or irrigation, and comparing and determining the bone trunk branch group with the competitive advantage;
(2) taking out a thin binding wire from a binding wire box for placing a plurality of thin binding wires, folding the thin binding wires into two strands, firstly winding 1 complete turn around the base of the backbone branch, twisting the segments anticlockwise to form a double-strand binding wire ring, wherein the inner diameter of the double-strand binding wire ring is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the backbone branch so as to be convenient for inserting two specially-made bald nails;
(3) the two hands respectively hold a special bald nail and respectively insert the bald nails into the bifilar ligation rings from the two sides of the base part of the backbone branch, wherein the bald nail on one side is twisted clockwise by one hand, the bald nail on the other side is twisted anticlockwise by the other hand, and the first half ring is simultaneously twisted by the two hands with force in the opposite directions;
(4) continuing to symmetrically reverse the half circle to finish the whole circle of symmetrically reverse screwed double-strand wire binding ring;
(5) and observing the situation that the thin binding wires are sunk into the depth of the cortex after the backbone branches are screwed up through the symmetrical reverse rotation operation in the steps, shifting the binding wires which are not tightly attached to the backbone branches midway or up and down to enable the double-strand binding wire rings to tightly wind the xylem at the base of the backbone branches as much as possible to form a perfect circle, continuously exerting force on the double hands uniformly until the double-strand binding wires are completely sunk into the cortex in the whole circle, and enabling an operator to have the hand feeling that the binding wires completely bind the xylem.
3. The cerclage method for shaping oil tea tree as claimed in claim 2, wherein the special bald nail comprises a rod section and a hand-held ring section, wherein the rod section and the hand-held ring section are integrally formed or fixed by welding.
4. The cerclage method for shaping oil-tea tree according to claim 3, wherein the length of the rod section of the specially-made bald nail is 75 mm-80 mm, the inner diameter of the hand-held ring section is 23 mm-27 mm, and the outer diameter is 31 mm-35 mm.
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2019
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| US5500001A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-03-19 | Linvatec Corporation | Suture anchor for soft tissue fixation |
| CN105123304A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-09 | 广西康丰科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving fertile fruit percentage of fruit tree |
| CN107960264A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-27 | 罗城仫佬族自治县明亿农业开发农民专业合作社 | The implantation methods of tea oil tree |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |