CN110620159B - 一种P-TOPCon光伏太阳能电池结构的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种P型晶体硅TOPCon电池结构的制备方法,该电池结构为电池结构为正面结构为Ag栅线+SiNx层+N+层+局部SiOx+Poly层,背面结构为Al层+SiNx层+Al2O3层+P+。另外,电池的制备方法为双面制绒→单面氧化→单面微晶硅→磷掺杂&退火→正面掩膜→去除非掩膜区域→清洗→单面N+磷扩散→去除掩膜区域形成SiOx+Poly层→钝化→激光开槽→丝网印刷+烧结。本发发明公开的一种新型P‑TOPCon电池制备方法——即PERC前表面场进行多晶硅掺杂的选择性发射极工艺,可有效提升开路电压VOC,并减低Rs,提升FF,选择性的多晶硅掺杂工艺可有效降低ISC的损失,进而提升了效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能光伏行业领域,尤其涉及P型晶体硅TOPCon光伏太阳能电池结构的制备方法。
背景技术
清洁能源成为了当前时代发展的必然趋势。对于太阳能电池行业,目前已大批量量产的技术是高效晶硅钝化发射极和背面电池,即PERC(Passivated Emitterand RearCell)电池。可量产达到的效率也仅22%,遇到了效率的瓶颈阶段。其中IBC、HTI虽具有较高的效率,但如果批量量产,则需购置全新的设备,现有的PERC设备即不能改造大量投入使用,将造成巨大的损失。Poly钝化被大量开始推广于N型电池的背面结构,但对于P型结构由于poly的吸光性太强,作业于前表面场时将会造成ISC损失。常规PERC电池结构为电池正面结构为:Ag栅线+SiNx层+N+层+局部N++层,其背面结构为:Al层+SiNx层+Al2O3层+P+,其背面是深结局部背场LBSF电池,见附图1所示。另外,PERC电池制作流程为:碱制绒、POCl3扩散、激光SE、清洗、背面氧化铝、双面氮化硅、背面激光开槽,丝网印刷烧结。
本发明主要是在现有的PERC技术上将前表面场(正面)进行钝化处理,也即进行多晶硅掺杂的选择性发射极工艺(简称P-TOPCon),选择性发射极可有效规避ISC损失,从而达到提升开路电压VOC,进行提升电池效率的目的。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种新型P型晶体硅TOPCon电池结构为正面结构为Ag栅线+SiNx层+N+层+局部SiOx+Poly层,背面结构为Al层+SiNx层+Al2O3层+P+;另外本发明还公开了一种P型晶体硅TOPCon电池的制备方法,具体电池制作步骤为:
1)双面制绒——于槽式机台里,四甲基氢氧化铵TMAH:添加剂过硫酸铵、异丙醇等质量配比为8:1—12:1,温度维持在75-85℃,时间为6-10min进行制绒工艺处理,电池片减薄量控制在0.4-0.6g;
2)单面氧化——在管式扩散炉内,温度维持在500-650℃,氮气流量为1500-3000sccm,氧气流量为800-1500sccm,时间为15-25min,氧化厚度为1-2nm;
3)单面微晶硅——利用LPCVD设备,SiH4流量为500-800sccm,时间为10-25min,厚度控制在100-200nm;
4)磷掺杂&退火——于管式路管内,采用低温沉积温度维持在700-750℃,高浓度的小氮流量1000-1500sccm,时间为30-50min;高温推进温度维持在850-900℃,通入氮气流量1500-3000sccm,时间为30-60min,P型片方阻控制在20-60Ω/cm;
5)正面掩膜——通过丝网印刷的方式,将耐碱的蜡印刷至硅片表面,形成所需图案;
6)去除非掩膜区域——通过槽式机台,利用TMAH:抛光添加剂氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠等=3:2—4:3,温度为75-85℃,时间为5-10min进行非蜡区域进行poly去除;
7)去除掩膜区域形成SiOx+Poly层——通过槽式机台,利用HF 5%浓度将蜡去除,并进行H2O洗烘干;
8)单面N+磷扩散——通过管式炉,温度维持在800-850℃,通入低浓度小氮气流量600-1000sccm,时间为15-20min,干氧流量500-800sccm;进行浅掺杂,P型片方阻控制在180-220Ω/cm;
9)清洗——通过链式清洗机,采用HF/HNO3药液低温刻蚀,低温为15-18℃,HF/HNO3/H2O体积比控制在1:5:12—1:10:15,时间为2-3min;进行背面刻蚀,刻重控制在0.1-2.25g;
10)钝化——通过管式ALD进行背面氧化铝的生长,厚度控制在3-7nm,再进行正背面氮化硅的生长,厚度约为75-90nm;
11)激光开槽——通过激光设备对背面进行激光开槽,线宽控制在40±5um;
12)丝网印刷+烧结——对背面进行铝背场及银浆的印刷,对正面进行银浆印刷,最终进行烧结,烧结温度控制在740-780℃,最终获得P型晶体硅TOPCon电池。
本发明的主要目的是发明一种新型P-TOPCon电池制备方法——即PERC前表面场进行多晶硅掺杂的选择性发射极工艺,可有效提升开路电压VOC,并减低Rs,提升FF,选择性的多晶硅掺杂工艺可有效降低ISC的损失,进而提升了效率。本发明有以下效果:
(1)充分利用了现有的设备,投资额度较少。
(2)多晶硅掺杂选择性发射极结构可提升效率0.2-0.6%,VOC提升5-15mV,无效率损失。
附图说明
图1常规PERC电池结构。1-Ag栅线,2-SiNx层,3-N+层,4-N++层,5-P型电池片,6-P+LBSF层,7-Al2O3层,8-SiNx层,9-Al层,10-SiOx+Poly层。
图2P-TOPCon电池结构。1-Ag栅线,2-SiNx层,3-N+层,4-N++层,5-P型电池片,6-P+LBSF层,7-Al2O3层,8-SiNx层,9-Al层,10-SiOx+Poly层。
图3P-TOPCon电池的制备工艺流程图。1-双面制绒;2-单面氧化;3-单面微晶硅;4-磷掺杂&退火;5-正面掩膜;6-去除非掩膜区域;7-去除掩膜区域层;8-单面N+磷扩散;9-清洗;10-钝化;11-激光开槽;12-丝网印刷+烧结。
具体实施方式
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例1
P-TOPCon具体电池制作步骤如下:1)双面制绒——于槽式机台里,TMAH:添加剂=10:1,温度维持在80℃,时间约8min进行制绒。减薄量控制在0.5g;2)单面氧化——在管式扩散炉内,温度为600℃,氮气流量为2000sccm,氧气流量为1000sccm,时间约20min,厚度约2nm;3)单面微晶硅——利用LPCVD设备,SiH4流量为600sccm;时间约15min,厚度控制在200nm;4)磷掺杂&退火——于管式路管内,采用低温沉积温度维持在750℃,高浓度的小氮流量1500sccm,时间约40min;高温推进温度为800-900℃,通入氮气流量1500-2000sccm,时间约40min;5)正面掩膜——通过丝网印刷的方式,将耐碱的蜡印刷至硅片表面,形成图形;6)去除非掩膜区域——通过槽式机台,利用TMAH:抛光添加剂质量比为3:2,温度80℃,时间10min进行非蜡区域进行Poly去除;7)去除掩膜区域形成SiOx+Poly层——通过槽式机台,利用HF 5%浓度将蜡去除,并进行H2O洗烘干;8)单面N+磷扩散——通过管式炉,温度850℃,通入低浓度小氮气流量800-900sccm,时间20min,干氧流量600sccm;进行浅掺杂,P型片方阻控制在200Ω/cm附近;9)清洗——通过链式清洗机,采用HF/HNO3药液低温刻蚀,温度15℃,HF/HNO3/H2O体积比控制在1:5:15,时间2min;进行背面刻蚀,刻重控制在0.1-2g范围内;10)钝化——通过管式ALD进行背面氧化铝的生长,厚度控制在5nm,再进行正背面氮化硅的生长,厚度约为80nm;11)激光开槽——通过激光设备对背面进行激光开槽,线宽控制在40±5um;12)丝网印刷&烧结——对背面进行铝背场及银浆的印刷,对正面进行银浆印刷,最终进行烧结,烧结温度控制在750℃,最终获得P型晶体硅TOPCon电池。
Claims (1)
1.一种P-TOPCon光伏太阳能电池结构的制备方法,其特征在于电池结构为正面结构为Ag栅线+SiNx层+N+层+局部SiOx+Poly层,背面结构为Al层+SiNx层+Al2O3层+P+;其制备方法特征在于电池制作步骤为:
1)双面制绒——于槽式机台里,四甲基氢氧化铵TMAH:添加剂质量配比为8:1—12:1,所述添加剂为过硫酸铵或异丙醇,温度维持在75-85℃,时间为6-10min进行制绒工艺处理,电池片减薄量控制在0.4-0.6g;
2)单面氧化——在管式扩散炉内,温度维持在500-650℃,氮气流量为1500-3000sccm,氧气流量为800-1500sccm,时间为15-25min,氧化厚度为1-2nm;
3)单面微晶硅——利用LPCVD设备,SiH4流量为500-800sccm,时间为10-25min,厚度控制在100-200nm;
4)磷掺杂&退火——于管式路管内,采用低温沉积温度维持在700-750℃,高浓度的小氮流量1000-1500sccm,时间为30-50min;高温推进温度维持在850-900℃,通入氮气流量1500-3000sccm,时间为30-60min,P型片方阻控制在20-60Ω/cm;
5)正面掩膜——通过丝网印刷的方式,将耐碱的蜡印刷至硅片表面,形成所需图案;
6)去除非掩膜区域——通过槽式机台,利用TMAH:抛光添加剂=3:2—4:3,所述添加剂为氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠,温度为75-85℃,时间为5-10min进行非蜡区域进行poly去除;
7)去除掩膜区域形成SiOx+Poly层——通过槽式机台,利用HF 5%浓度将蜡去除,并进行H2O洗烘干;
8)单面N+磷扩散——通过管式炉,温度维持在800-850℃,通入低浓度小氮气流量600-1000sccm,时间为15-20min,干氧流量500-800sccm;进行浅掺杂,P型片方阻控制在180-220Ω/cm;
9)清洗——通过链式清洗机,采用HF/HNO3药液低温刻蚀,低温为15-18℃,HF/HNO3/H2O体积比控制在1:5:12—1:10:15,时间为2-3min;进行背面刻蚀,刻重控制在0.1-2.25g;
10)钝化——通过管式ALD进行背面氧化铝的生长,厚度控制在3-7nm,再进行正背面氮化硅的生长,厚度为75-90nm;
11)激光开槽——通过激光设备对背面进行激光开槽,线宽控制在40±5um;
12)丝网印刷+烧结——对背面进行铝背场及银浆的印刷,对正面进行银浆印刷,最终进行烧结,烧结温度控制在740-780℃,最终获得P型晶体硅TOPCon电池。
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