CN110612437A - Sensor electrode and planar sensor using same - Google Patents
Sensor electrode and planar sensor using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110612437A CN110612437A CN201980002313.1A CN201980002313A CN110612437A CN 110612437 A CN110612437 A CN 110612437A CN 201980002313 A CN201980002313 A CN 201980002313A CN 110612437 A CN110612437 A CN 110612437A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
- G01L1/146—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors for measuring force distributions, e.g. using force arrays
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Abstract
A sensor electrode which is a cloth-like electrode made of a woven or knitted fabric using a conductive thread and an insulating thread, comprising: an insulating portion formed to include the insulating wire; and a conductive portion formed to include the conductive wire and arranged to sandwich the insulating portion. The sensor electrode is flexible and is less likely to cause an increase in resistance and breakage when stretched. A planar sensor (1) is provided with: a dielectric layer (10); and a front-side electrode (2) and a back-side electrode (3) arranged so as to sandwich the dielectric layer (10) in the thickness direction. The front-side electrode (2) and the back-side electrode (3) are formed by the sensor electrode, and a detection section (D) is provided at a portion where the conductive sections (01X-08X) of the front-side electrode (2) and the conductive sections (01Y-08Y) of the back-side electrode (3) face each other with the dielectric layer (10) therebetween.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a sensor electrode used for a flexible piezoelectric sensor, a capacitance sensor, or the like, and a planar sensor using the sensor electrode.
Background
Flexible capacitive sensors have been developed in which an elastomer dielectric layer is interposed between electrodes. In such a capacitance-type sensor, the pressure is detected based on a change in capacitance due to a load that causes the dielectric layer to be compressed and the inter-electrode distance to become smaller. The electrodes constituting the sensor are required to have flexibility to such an extent that they can follow the deformation of the dielectric layer. As a material for forming a flexible electrode, for example, a conductive paint in which a conductive material such as carbon powder is mixed in an elastomer is cited (for example, see patent documents 1 and 2).
On the other hand, a cloth-like electrode using a conductive wire is proposed. For example, patent document 3 describes a cloth-like electrode in which a plurality of conductive threads are sewn to a non-conductive cloth by a flat seam of a sewing machine to form an electrode portion. Patent document 4 describes a conductive fabric obtained by plain-weaving plated conductive fibers together with insulating fibers. Patent document 5 describes a deformed conductive knitted fabric in which a conductive wire is knitted. Patent document 6 describes a metal-coated fabric in which a metal layer is formed on the surface of fibers constituting the fabric.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-96716
Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication (Kokai) No. 2015-7566
Patent document 3: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2009-42108
Patent document 4: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2007-262623
Patent document 5: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 62-200701
Patent document 6: japanese patent laid-open No. 2008-266814
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
In the electrode in which the conductive material is mixed in the elastic body, the elastic body of the base material is flexible, and therefore can be greatly stretched. However, since the conductive materials can be greatly stretched, the contact between the conductive materials is easily broken, and the conductivity is easily lowered or broken. In addition, since it is necessary to study the shape of the conductive material in order to make the conductive materials easily contact each other and maintain the contact even when the conductive material is stretched, the cost of the material increases. Further, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the conductive material in the elastomeric polymer, and a dispersant or a special dispersing device is required. Therefore, the number of steps and man-hours required for producing the conductive paint increases, and the production cost also increases. Further, it is also difficult to coat the conductive paint in a thin film shape with good dimensional accuracy.
Further, according to the structure in which the conductive threads are sewn to the non-conductive cloth as described in patent document 3, the conductive threads are alternately arranged in the upper and lower directions with the non-conductive cloth interposed therebetween. Therefore, when the cloth is disposed with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, the inter-electrode distance differs depending on the upper and lower positions of the conductive line, and the detection accuracy is lowered in a sensor that detects the electrostatic capacitance based on the inter-electrode distance. Further, the conductive cloth or conductive knitted fabric described in patent documents 4 to 6 is not suitable as an electrode for a sensor for measuring a load distribution which requires determination of a position to which a load is applied, because the whole is conductive.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a sensor electrode which has flexibility and is less likely to cause an increase in resistance and breakage during stretching, and a flexible and highly durable planar sensor.
Means for solving the problems
(1) In order to solve the above-described problems, a sensor electrode according to the present invention is a sensor electrode in a cloth form made of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric using a conductive thread and an insulating thread, the sensor electrode including: an insulating portion formed to include the insulating wire; and a conductive portion formed to include the conductive wire and arranged to sandwich the insulating portion.
The conductive wire is a wire having conductivity, and the insulating wire is a wire having insulation. In the present specification, the resistance value per 100mm in one wire is measured if it is less than 1X 1010Omega is a conductive line, and if it is 1X 1010The Ω or more is an insulating line.
The conductive part has a surface resistance value of less than 1 × 107The insulating part has a surface resistance of 1 × 10 at the position of Ω7A part of omega or more. In the present specification, a value measured by the following measurement method is used as the surface resistance value. First, a pair of electrodes (front surface electrode and rear surface electrode) are disposed to face each other on both front and rear surfaces of a measurement target portion. The front electrode is square with a square size of 10mm, and the back electrode is square with a square size of 20 mm. Then, a square frame-shaped guard electrode was disposed so as to surround the front electrode at a distance of 2mm from the front electrode. Then, a voltage V is applied to the guard electrode, a current I flowing from the guard electrode to the front electrode is measured, and a surface resistance value Rs is calculated from the formula Rs ═ V/I.
(2) The planar sensor of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a dielectric layer; and a front-side electrode and a back-side electrode arranged so as to sandwich the dielectric layer in a thickness direction, the front-side electrode and the back-side electrode being the sensor electrode of the present invention, wherein a detection portion is provided in a portion of the sensor electrode where the conductive portion faces each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
Effects of the invention
(1) The sensor electrode of the present invention is made of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. Therefore, although flexible, it is less likely to be stretched significantly compared to conventional electrodes using an elastomer as a base material. Therefore, the conductive property is not easily lowered or broken during stretching, and the durability is high. This also applies to the use of detecting a large load. Further, the heat resistance is higher than that of a conventional electrode using an elastomer as a base material. Further, since the conductive paint is not used, it is not necessary to consider the shape of the conductive material, the dispersion method, the problems in applying the conductive paint, and the like. The sensor electrode of the present invention can be easily manufactured by weaving or knitting a conductive wire and an insulating wire.
When the conductive paint is used, as described in patent documents 1 and 2, the conductive paint is applied to a resin substrate to form an electrode. Therefore, when the sensor is configured, air permeability and moisture permeability are reduced, and if the sensor is disposed on a bed mattress, a seat of an automobile, or the like, there is a problem that the sensor is likely to become stuffy. Further, the polyurethane layer disposed between the electrodes is liable to be hydrolyzed, and there is a problem of low durability. In this regard, the sensor electrode of the present invention is made of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, and therefore has excellent air permeability and moisture permeability. Therefore, the conventional problems such as stuffiness and low durability can be reduced.
The sensor electrode of the present invention can be used as an electrode of a piezoelectric sensor or the like having a piezoelectric layer, in addition to a capacitance-type sensor having a dielectric layer. Here, the sensor electrode of the present invention includes a conductive portion formed to include a conductive wire, and an insulating portion formed to include an insulating wire. That is, as in the conductive cloth or conductive knitted fabric described in patent documents 4 to 6, the whole is not conductive, and a part (only the conductive portion) is conductive. The conductive linear portion is disposed so as to sandwich the insulating portion. That is, at least a part of the conductive portion is partitioned by the insulating portion. Thereby, a conductive pattern is formed on the sensor electrode of the present invention. Therefore, the sensor electrode of the present invention is suitable as a sensor electrode for measuring a load distribution at a position where a load is applied. Further, since the sensor electrode of the present invention is made of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, the conductive portion can be arranged in various forms only by changing the type of the thread. In other words, according to the sensor electrode of the present invention, various conductive patterns can be easily formed.
(2) The planar sensor of the present invention includes the sensor electrode of the present invention as a front-side electrode and a back-side electrode. Therefore, even if repeated deformation occurs, the electrode is less likely to be broken or reduced in conductivity, and is excellent in durability. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the use for detecting a large load. Further, the planar sensor capable of measuring the load distribution with high accuracy can be manufactured at lower cost. The planar sensor of the present invention is superior to a planar sensor using a conventional resin sheet in air permeability and moisture permeability. Therefore, the sensor is suitable for a load distribution sensor disposed on a mattress of a bed, a seat of a vehicle or a wheelchair, a sole, or the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective plan view of a planar sensor according to a first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view II-II of the planar sensor.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a front-side electrode constituting the planar sensor.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of circle IV of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a back-surface-side electrode constituting the planar sensor according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of circle VI of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the front-side electrode showing another arrangement of the conductive portions.
Detailed Description
Next, embodiments of the sensor electrode and the planar sensor according to the present invention will be described. In the first and second embodiments, the sensor electrode of the present invention is embodied as a front surface side electrode and a back surface side electrode of the planar sensor. In the following drawings, the up-down direction corresponds to the thickness direction of the dielectric layer.
< first embodiment >
[ Structure of planar sensor ]
First, the structure of the planar sensor of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 1 is a perspective plan view of a planar sensor according to the present embodiment. Fig. 2 shows a sectional view II-II of the planar sensor. Fig. 3 is a plan view of a front-side electrode constituting the planar sensor. Fig. 4 shows an enlarged view of circle IV of fig. 3. For convenience of explanation, the detection unit is shown in fig. 1 by hatching with a broken line.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the planar sensor 1 includes a dielectric layer 10, a front-side electrode 2, and a back-side electrode 3. The dielectric layer 10 is made of urethane foam (foam of urethane rubber) and has a rectangular sheet shape with a thickness of 4 mm. The size of the dielectric layer 10 is substantially the same as the size of the front-side electrode 2 and the back-side electrode 3 except for the thickness.
The front-side electrode 2 is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 10. The front side electrode 2 is a rectangular twill fabric formed by obliquely weaving conductive threads and insulating threads. As shown in fig. 3, the front electrode 2 includes eight conductive portions 01X to 08X and an insulating portion 20. For convenience of explanation, the conductive portions are hatched in fig. 3. The conductive portions 01X to 08X are each in the form of a strip having a width of 10 mm. The conductive portions 01X to 08X extend in the front-rear direction, respectively. The conductive portions 01X to 08X are separated at intervals of 3mm in the left-right direction and arranged in parallel to each other. The surface resistance values of the conductive portions 01X to 08X are 1X 102～103Ω。
The warp threads constituting the conductive portions 01X to 08X are conductive threads, and the weft threads are insulating threads. The conductive thread was formed by plating the surface of acrylic fiber with copper sulfate, and had a thickness of 370 dtex. The resistance value of the conductive wire per 100mm length was 1X 104～105Omega. The insulating yarn was made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber and had a thickness of 333 dtex. The resistance value of the insulating wire per 100mm length is 1X 1013～1014Omega. As shown in an enlarged view in fig. 4, the conductive portions 01X to 08X have a twill weave structure in which a warp (conductive wire) passes above two wefts (insulating wires) and then passes below one weft (insulating wire). In fig. 4, the insulating threads are indicated by thin lines, and the warp threads passing over the weft threads are provided with the insulating threadsHatched lines. The conductive lines in the meridian lines are hatched to be inclined upward to the right, and the insulating lines are hatched to be inclined downward to the right.
Insulating sections 20 are disposed on both sides of conductive sections 01X to 08X in the left-right direction. That is, the conductive portions 01X to 08X are arranged to be separated by the insulating portion 20 having a width of 3 mm. The surface resistance of the insulating portion 20 is 1 × 109～1010Omega. The warp and weft constituting the insulating portion 20 are both made of PET fibers identical to the insulating threads constituting the conductive portions 01X to 08X. As shown in an enlarged view in fig. 4, the insulating portion 20 also has a twill weave structure in which the warp (insulating thread) passes over two weft (insulating thread) and then passes under one weft (insulating thread), as in the case of the conductive portions 01X to 08X.
The conductive portions 01X to 08X are provided at their distal ends with metal eyelet rings 21. The conductive portions 01X to 08X are connected to the front-side wirings 01X to 08X via the eyelet 21. The front-side wirings 01x to 08x are electrically connected to the control device via a connector not shown.
The back-side electrode 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 10. The back-side electrode 3 is a twill weave fabric having a rectangular shape similar to the front-side electrode 2, and has eight conductive portions 01Y to 08Y and an insulating portion 30. The rear-surface-side electrode 3 is disposed in a state where the front-surface-side electrode 2 is rotated 90 ° to the right. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y each have a strip shape with a width of 10 mm. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y extend in the left-right direction. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are separated by 3mm in the front-rear direction and arranged in parallel to each other. Insulating portions 20 are disposed on both sides of each of conductive portions 01Y to 08Y in the front-rear direction. That is, the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are arranged to be separated by the insulating portion 30 having a width of 3 mm. The configurations of the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y and the insulating portion 30 are the same as the configurations of the conductive portions 01X to 08X and the insulating portion 20 of the front-side electrode 2. The conductive portions 01X to 08X of the front-side electrode 2 are arranged substantially orthogonal to the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y of the back-side electrode 3 in a grid pattern when viewed from above. A plurality of detection sections D are provided at portions where the conductive sections 01X to 08X overlap the conductive sections 01Y to 08Y (portions facing each other via the dielectric layer 10). The total number of the detection units D is 64.
Metal eyelet rings 31 are attached to the left ends of the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y, respectively. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are connected to the rear-side wirings 01Y to 08Y via the eyelet 31. The rear-side wirings 01y to 08y are electrically connected to the control device via a connector not shown.
[ operation of the planar sensor ]
Next, the operation of the planar sensor 1 of the present embodiment will be described. First, before a load is applied to the surface sensor 1 (initial state), voltages are applied to the conductive portions 01X to 08X of the front-side electrode 2 and the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y of the back-side electrode 3, and the electrostatic capacitance C is calculated for each detection portion D. Next, the capacitance C is calculated for each detection portion D in the same manner as the face sensor 1 is loaded. In the detection portion D of the portion to which the load is applied, the distance between the conductive portions 01X to 08X and the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y disposed so as to sandwich the dielectric layer 10 is reduced. This increases the capacitance C of the detection section D. The surface pressure of each detection portion D is calculated based on the change amount Δ C of the capacitance C. In this way, the load distribution can be measured.
[ Effect ]
Next, the operation and effects of the front-side electrode 2, the back-side electrode 3, and the planar sensor 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. Since the front-side electrode 2 and the back-side electrode 3 have the same structure, the description of the front-side electrode 2 is made here to represent both.
The front-side electrode 2 is made of a twill fabric formed by obliquely weaving conductive threads and insulating threads. Therefore, it is flexible and has high flexibility. Further, the reduction in conductivity and the breakage are less likely to occur, and the durability is also high. Further, since a wire having a copper sulfate plating layer is used as the conductive wire, oxidation deterioration of the conductive wire is suppressed, and a change in conductivity with time is small. In the front-side electrode 2, the warp threads are conductive threads, and the weft threads are insulating threads. Therefore, the conductive portions 01X to 08X and the insulating portion 20 can be woven separately by simply changing the warp from the conductive thread to the insulating thread (or vice versa). Therefore, even when the front-side electrode 2 has a large area, it can be easily manufactured using a textile machine. The conductive portion can be arranged in various ways simply by changing the type of the wire. That is, various conductive patterns can be easily formed.
According to the front side electrode 2, it is not necessary to consider the shape of the conductive material, the dispersion method, the problem at the time of applying the conductive paint, and the like, which are caused by using the conductive paint. Therefore, the front-side electrode 2 and the planar sensor 1 can be manufactured at a lower cost.
The front electrode 2 is excellent in air permeability and moisture permeability. Therefore, the surface sensor 1 is less likely to be stuffy when placed on a bed mattress, a seat of a vehicle, or the like. In addition, since hydrolysis of the dielectric layer 10 is suppressed, the durability is not easily lowered.
Conductive portions 01X to 08X are adjacent to each other with insulating portion 20 interposed therebetween. Thereby, a conductive pattern in a vertical stripe pattern is formed on the front-side electrode 2. The front-surface-side electrode 2 is not entirely conductive, but is only conductive in the region where the conductive portions 01X to 08X are arranged. The strip-shaped conductive portions 01X to 08X are arranged in parallel so as to sandwich the insulating portion 20 over the entire surface of the dielectric layer 10. Similarly, in the rear-side electrode 3, the strip-shaped conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are also arranged in parallel so as to sandwich the insulating portion 30 over the entire surface of the dielectric layer 10. The detection unit D is disposed so as to use the intersection of the front-side electrodes 01X to 08X and the back-side electrodes 01Y to 08Y. This makes it easy to disperse the detection portions D over the entire surface of the dielectric layer 10. Further, even when the load distribution in a wide area is measured, it is not necessary to dispose the conductive portion for each portion where the load is to be detected.
In the planar sensor 1, the conductive portions 01X to 08X of the front-side electrode 2 and the front-side wirings 01X to 08X are connected by the eyelet 21. This makes it possible to easily, reliably, and inexpensively connect the conductive portions 01X to 08X to the front-side wirings 01X to 08X.
< second embodiment >
The planar sensor of the present embodiment is different from the planar sensor of the first embodiment in that the front-side electrode and the back-side electrode are not woven fabrics but knitted fabrics. Here, the description will be focused on the differences. Fig. 5 is a plan view of a back-surface-side electrode constituting the planar sensor according to the present embodiment. Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of circle VI of fig. 5. Fig. 5 corresponds to fig. 1 described above, and the same portions as those in fig. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In fig. 6, the insulating line is indicated by a thin broken line.
The back-side electrode 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 10 (see fig. 1). The back-side electrode 3 is a rectangular plain weave fabric in which conductive wires 301 and insulating wires 300 are alternately woven in a flat pattern in the front-rear direction. As shown in fig. 5, the rear-side electrode 3 includes eight conductive portions 01Y to 08Y and an insulating portion 30. For convenience of explanation, fig. 5 shows the conductive portion hatched. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y each have a strip shape with a width of 10 mm. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y extend in the left-right direction. The conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are separated by 3mm in the front-rear direction and arranged in parallel to each other. The surface resistance values of the conductive portions 01Y-08Y are 1X 102～103Omega. Insulating sections 30 are disposed on both sides of conductive sections 01Y to 08Y in the front-rear direction. That is, the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y are arranged to be separated by the insulating portion 30 having a width of 3 mm. The surface resistance of the insulating portion 30 is 1 × 109～1010Ω。
As enlarged in fig. 6, conductive portions 01Y to 08Y have a plain weave structure formed by conductive wires 301. The conductive wire 301 was formed by plating the back surface of acrylic fiber with copper sulfate in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and had a thickness of 370 dtex. The resistance value of the conductive line 301 per 100mm length was 1 × 104～105Omega. Insulating section 30 has a plain weave structure formed by insulating threads 300. The insulating wire 300 is made of PET fiber and has a thickness of 333dtex, as in the first embodiment. The resistance value of the insulating wire 300 per 100mm length is 1 × 1013～1014Ω。
The front electrode 2 is a rectangular plain weave fabric similar to the back electrode 3, and is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 10 with the back electrode 3 rotated 90 ° to the left. The conductive portions 01X to 08X and the insulating portion 20 of the front electrode 2 have the same structure as the back electrode 3.
The same operational advantages are obtained for the portion of the planar sensor of the present embodiment that is common to the planar sensor of the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, the front-side electrode 2 and the back-side electrode 3 are formed of plain weave fabric. Therefore, the front-side electrode 2 and the back-side electrode 3 are more flexible and have excellent stretchability. Since the front-side electrode 2 and the back-side electrode 3 have the same structure, if the back-side electrode 3 is described to represent both, the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y and the insulating portion 30 can be knitted separately by simply changing the knitting yarn from the conductive yarn 301 to the insulating yarn 300 (or vice versa). Therefore, even when the back-side electrode 3 has a large area, it can be easily manufactured using a knitting machine. Further, since the conductive portions 01Y to 08Y can be arranged in various ways by merely changing the type of the line, various conductive patterns can be easily formed.
< other means >
Embodiments of the sensor electrode and the planar sensor according to the present invention have been described above. However, the embodiment is not limited to the above embodiment. The present invention can be implemented in various modifications and improvements that can be made by those skilled in the art.
[ electrodes for sensors ]
The sensor electrode of the present invention is a cloth-like electrode made of a woven or knitted fabric using a conductive insulating member wire and an insulating wire. In the case of a woven fabric, the weaving method is not particularly limited. A weaving method capable of obtaining desired characteristics may be appropriately selected from plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, and the like. For example, in the case of a plain weave, although it is strong and excellent in durability, the flexibility is slightly lowered. In the case of twill weaving, the weave has many choices, and is flexible and high in flexibility. In the case of a woven fabric, a weaving method is not particularly limited. A knitting method capable of obtaining desired characteristics may be selected as appropriate from weft knitting such as plain knitting, rib knitting, reversible knitting, and binder knitting, and warp knitting such as tricot knitting and double Raschel knitting. For example, a plain weave has a weave in which loops are continuous in the weft (cross) direction. Therefore, the fabric is easily thinned and has excellent stretchability in the weft direction. Since the stitches on the front and back sides of the rib knitting are the same, the stretch property is more excellent. The binding knit has a structure in which two knitted fabrics on the front and back sides are connected by a binding thread. Therefore, for example, when a woven fabric having a function of protecting the electrode is used for at least one of the front and back surfaces, the electrode can be protected from the outside. The double raschel weave has a weave in which the loops are continuous in the warp (longitudinal) direction. Therefore, a stable knitted fabric can be formed to have a three-dimensional structure. In the case of a three-dimensional structure, the conductive threads can be protected because of increased air permeability and increased elasticity of the cloth. According to the knitted fabric, softness is higher than that of the woven fabric. Whether woven or knitted, the weaving or knitting process may be varied in one electrode.
The conductive wire may be any wire having conductivity, and examples of the material include: A) metal fibers, B) carbon fibers, C) fibers to which conductivity is imparted by subjecting synthetic fibers to plating treatment, coating treatment, sputtering treatment, or the like, D) fibers in which a conductive material is incorporated into synthetic fibers, E) conductive polymer fibers, and the like. Specific examples of the fibers, preferred materials, and the like are described below.
A) Metal fibers: fibers and amorphous wires of gold, silver, copper, stainless steel, tungsten, molybdenum, beryllium, and the like.
B) Carbon fiber: polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers, pitch based carbon fibers.
C) Plating material: aluminum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, copper sulfate, copper sulfide, copper nickel.
Coating materials: carbon coatings, metal oxide coatings, and conductive polymer coatings in which carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon black, and the like are dispersed.
Sputtering materials: chromium, copper, titanium, silver, platinum, gold, stainless steel, nickel-chromium alloy, copper-zinc alloy.
D) Conductive material: conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and metal powder.
C) And D) the synthetic fibers used: polyester fibers such as PET, polytrimethylene terephthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide fibers such as nylon and aramid, polyimide fibers, polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, vinylon fibers, vinylidene chloride fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, acrylic fibers, polyurethane fibers, polyvinyl chloride alcohol fibers, fluorine fibers, phenol (novoloid) fibers, polyether ester fibers, polylactic acid fibers, polyarylate fibers, ultrahigh-strength polyethylene fibers, and polyacetal fibers.
For example, if plating treatment is performed on the synthetic fiber, a wire having conductivity can be easily manufactured. Among them, a wire having a copper sulfate plating layer or a copper sulfide plating layer is soft and less likely to break compared with a metal fiber or a carbon fiber, and has advantages that oxidation degradation is suppressed by the plating layer and a change in conductivity with time is small.
If the resistance value of the conductive wire per 100mm length is less than 1X 1010The conductive yarn may be a yarn obtained by weaving a conductive yarn made of the above-mentioned fiber and an insulating yarn. The conductive wire may be coated with a resin. One kind of conductive wire may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
The insulating wire may be any wire having insulation properties, and examples of the material include: (a) synthetic fibers, b) semi-synthetic fibers, c) regenerated cellulose fibers, d) natural fibers, e) inorganic fibers, and the like. Specific examples of the fibers are shown below. The synthetic fibers of a) are those listed in the description of the conductive wire. One kind of insulating wire may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
b) Semi-synthetic fibers: acetate, triacetate, and Promix.
c) Regenerated cellulose fiber: rayon, multifilament (polynosic).
d) Natural fibers: cotton, kapok, mudar (akund) fiber, hemp, kenaf and other plant fibers, wool, silk, angora fiber, cashmere, mohair and other animal fibers.
e) Inorganic fibers: glass fibers, ceramic fibers.
The thickness of the conductive wire and the insulating wire is not particularly limited. The thin wire can make the thickness of the electrode thin, and can improve the sensitivity of the sensor, but has the problem of easy cutting. For example, the thickness of the wire may be set to 55.5dtex (50 denier) or more and 1332dtex (1200 denier) or less. More preferably, 165dtex (150 denier) or more and 660dtex (600 denier) or less. In the case of using carbon fibers as the conductive wires, it is desirable to use a product of 1K or more (filament grade of 1000 filaments per 1 bundle) and 60K or less (filament grade of 60000 filaments per 1 bundle), and more preferably 1K or more and 6K or less.
The cross-sectional shapes of the conductive wire and the insulating wire are not particularly limited, and various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a trapezoid, and a triangle can be used. The conductive wire and the insulating wire may be hollow wires. The conductive thread and the insulating thread may be formed of a single fiber, or may be a blended thread or a twisted thread. In the case of twisting the thread, since the strength of the thread is high, there is an advantage that it is not easily broken when forming a woven fabric. In addition, when a textile is produced, a washing paste or the like may be applied to the thread. This reduces friction and suppresses cutting of the wire.
The sensor electrode of the present invention has a conductive portion and an insulating portion. The surface resistance value of the conductive part is less than 1x 107Omega, more preferably less than 1X 106Omega. The conductive portion is formed to include the conductive wire. That is, the conductive portion may be formed of only the conductive wire, or may be formed using both the conductive wire and the insulating wire. For example, when the sensor electrode is a woven fabric, the conductive portion can be formed by using a conductive thread as one of the warp and weft threads and an insulating thread as the other. The number and shape of the conductive portions are not particularly limited. The arrangement of the conductive portion is not particularly limited as long as a part or all of the conductive portion is arranged via the insulating portion. For example, when the sensor is configured, the conductive portion may be arranged in an island shape only in a portion to be the detection portion. Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,as shown in the conductive portions 22 in fig. 7, the strip-shaped conductive portions arranged in parallel in the first embodiment may be connected to each other at the end portions in the longitudinal direction to be continuous in a one-stroke shape. In fig. 7, a part of the conductive portion 22 is arranged so as to sandwich the insulating portion 20. Since the sensor electrode of the present invention is made of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, the conductive portion can be arranged in various forms by merely changing the type of the thread. In other words, the sensor electrode according to the present invention can easily form various conductive patterns.
The surface resistance of the insulating part is 1 × 107Omega or more, more preferably 1X 108Omega or more. The insulating portion is formed to include the insulating wire. The number, shape, and arrangement of the insulating portions are not particularly limited.
[ surface sensor ]
The planar sensor of the present invention includes a dielectric layer, and a front-side electrode and a back-side electrode, which are arranged so as to sandwich the dielectric layer in a thickness direction and are each composed of the sensor electrode of the present invention. The dielectric layer may be made of an elastomer or a resin (both including a foam) having a relatively large relative dielectric constant. Elastomers include crosslinked rubbers as well as thermoplastic elastomers. For example, a material having a relative dielectric constant of 5 or more (measurement frequency of 100Hz) is preferable. Examples of such elastomers include: urethane rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, etc., chlorosulfonated polyethylene, etc. Examples of the resin include: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene (including cross-linked expanded polystyrene), polyvinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymer, and the like.
The shape and the like of the dielectric layer are not particularly limited, and the dielectric layer is preferably thin from the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity of the sensor. For example, the thickness of the dielectric layer is preferably set to 10mm or less, more preferably 5mm or less. Further, the dielectric layer may be formed by laminating a plurality of layers having different materials, shapes, and the like.
As a planar sensor using the sensor electrode of the present invention, a piezoelectric sensor can be used in addition to the capacitance sensor of the above embodiment. In the case of a piezoelectric sensor, the piezoelectric sensor may be configured to include a piezoelectric layer, and a front-side electrode and a back-side electrode, which are arranged in the thickness direction with the piezoelectric layer interposed therebetween and are configured to be composed of the sensor electrode of the present invention. The piezoelectric layer may be configured to include an elastomer and piezoelectric particles.
In the above embodiment, the conductive portion is connected to the wiring using the eyelet. However, the connection method of the conductive portion and the wiring is not particularly limited. For example, the connection may be performed by soldering, a conductive adhesive, or the like. In addition, a part of the conductive portion may be used as a part of the wiring.
The planar sensor of the present invention may be used in the state of the first embodiment, or may be used by being housed in a housing. When the sheet-shaped sensor is housed in the housing, the sheet-shaped sensor can reduce the uncomfortable feeling when the sheet-shaped sensor is in contact with the human body, and can improve the safety, antifouling property and appearance. As a material of the cover, a resin such as vinyl chloride or Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), a stretchable fabric using an elastic fiber such as an elastomer, polyurethane, or polyester, a laminate of an elastomer and a stretchable fabric, or the like is preferable. The sensor electrode and the cover of the present invention may be directly bonded to each other, but in the case where the cover is an insulating cloth, the sensor electrode and the cover may be integrally woven by double-sided weaving.
Industrial applicability
The sensor electrode and the planar sensor of the present invention can be applied to a region that is stretched or bent, and therefore are suitable as a pressure sensor or a wearable biological information sensor that is disposed on a mattress for medical use, nursing care, or the like, a seat for an automobile or a wheelchair, a shoe sole, an artificial skin of a robot, or the like. In addition, the present invention is also applicable to an application in which a sensor is wound around an arm or a foot in a three-dimensional manner to sense an activity.
Description of the reference numerals
1: a planar sensor; 10: a dielectric layer; 2: a front-side electrode; 20: an insulating section; 21: a hole ring; 22: a conductive portion; 3: a backside electrode; 30: an insulating section; 31: a hole ring; 300: an insulating wire; 301: a conductive wire; 01X to 08X: a conductive portion; 01x to 08 x: front side wiring; 01Y to 08Y: a conductive portion; 01y to 08 y: wiring on the back side; d: a detection unit.
The claims (modification according to treaty clause 19)
(as modified) a planar sensor, wherein,
the planar sensor includes a dielectric layer made of a foam of an elastomer or a resin, and a front-side electrode and a back-side electrode arranged so as to sandwich the dielectric layer in a thickness direction,
the front-side electrode and the back-side electrode are cloth-like sensor electrodes formed of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric using a conductive thread and an insulating thread, and have an insulating portion formed to include the insulating thread and a conductive portion formed to include the conductive thread and arranged to sandwich the insulating portion,
a detection section is provided at a portion of the conductive section facing each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
(modified) the area sensor according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric has a weave selected from at least one of a plain weave, a twill weave, and a satin weave.
(modified) the area sensor according to claim 1, wherein the textile fabric is a plain, twill or satin textile fabric.
(modified) the planar sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor electrode is made of the woven fabric, and one of warp and weft in the conductive portion is the conductive thread, and the other is the insulating thread.
(modified) the area sensor according to claim 1, wherein the knitted fabric has a weave of at least one of a plain weave and a binder weave.
(modified) the area sensor according to claim 1, wherein the braid is a plain braid or a stitched braid.
(modified) the area sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conductive wire comprises a wire having a plating layer on a surface.
(modified) the area sensor of claim 7, wherein the plating is a copper sulfate plating or a copper sulfide plating.
(modified) the planar sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sensor electrode has a plurality of the conductive portions which are in a band shape and are arranged in parallel with the insulating portion interposed therebetween.
(modified) the area sensor according to claim 9, wherein,
the conductive portion of the front-side electrode and the conductive portion of the back-side electrode are arranged substantially orthogonally to each other when viewed in a thickness direction of the dielectric layer.
The planar sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 10 (after modification), further comprising a front-side wiring connected to the conductive portion of the front-side electrode, and a back-side wiring connected to the conductive portion of the back-side electrode,
the front-side wiring and the conductive portion, and the rear-side wiring and the conductive portion are connected by any of eyelet, soldering, and conductive adhesive.
Claims (11)
1. A sensor electrode in a cloth form made of a woven or knitted fabric using a conductive thread and an insulating thread, comprising:
an insulating portion formed to include the insulating wire; and
and a conductive portion formed to include the conductive wire and arranged to sandwich the insulating portion.
2. The sensor electrode according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric has a weave selected from at least one of plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave.
3. The sensor electrode according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric is a plain woven fabric, a twill woven fabric, or a satin woven fabric.
4. The sensor electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor electrode is formed of the woven fabric, and one of warp and weft in the conductive portion is the conductive wire and the other is the insulating wire.
5. The electrode for a sensor according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric has a weave selected from at least one of plain weave, rib weave, binder weave, and double raschel weave.
6. The electrode for a sensor according to claim 1, wherein the braid is a plain braid, a rib braid, a binder braid or a double raschel braid.
7. The electrode for a sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conductive wire comprises a wire having a plating layer on a surface thereof.
8. The electrode for a sensor according to claim 7, wherein the plating layer is a copper sulfate plating layer or a copper sulfide plating layer.
9. The sensor electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sensor electrode has a plurality of the conductive portions which are in a band shape and are arranged in parallel with the insulating portion interposed therebetween.
10. A planar sensor, wherein,
the planar sensor includes:
a dielectric layer; and
a front side electrode and a back side electrode arranged to sandwich the dielectric layer in a thickness direction,
the front-side electrode and the back-side electrode are the sensor electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and a detection portion is provided in a portion of the sensor electrode where the conductive portion faces each other with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween.
11. The area sensor according to claim 10,
the front-side electrode and the back-side electrode each have a plurality of the conductive portions arranged in a band shape in parallel with the insulating portion interposed therebetween,
the conductive portion of the front-side electrode and the conductive portion of the back-side electrode are arranged substantially orthogonally to each other when viewed in a thickness direction of the dielectric layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018034897 | 2018-02-28 | ||
| JP2018-034897 | 2018-02-28 | ||
| PCT/JP2019/006275 WO2019167744A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-20 | Sensor electrode and planar sensor using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110612437A true CN110612437A (en) | 2019-12-24 |
Family
ID=67806142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980002313.1A Withdrawn CN110612437A (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-20 | Sensor electrode and planar sensor using same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPWO2019167744A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110612437A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112019000033T5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019167744A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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| RU2800738C2 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева" (СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева) | Method for manufacturing strain-resistive sensor made in form of a woven fabric from conductive carbon fibers and dielectric fibers |
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| KR102403816B1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-05-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Air cleaning filter |
| WO2021246022A1 (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-09 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Sensor device |
| JP7481192B2 (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2024-05-10 | Ｊｏｙｓｏｎ Ｓａｆｅｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ Ｊａｐａｎ合同会社 | Steering grip sensor and steering |
| WO2024059105A2 (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | Yale University | Stretchable fabric sensor, wearable electronic device including the same, and method of making the same |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2019167744A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| DE112019000033T5 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
| JPWO2019167744A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
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Application publication date: 20191224 |