CN110596215A - 双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,包括:S1、将FeCl3·6H2O和PEI溶于K3Fe(CN)6中,搅拌,加热回流2~5h,所得混合物经离心、洗涤,得到PEI@PB纳米立方体;S2、将MnSO4和DNA溶于水中,加热至50~80℃,再加入K3PO4和水,在50~80℃下搅拌1~2h,经离心后得到DNA@Mn3(PO4)2;S3、将涂敷有GO的基板置于所述PEI@PB的溶液中,震荡2~3h,在EDC和NHS的催化下,得到PEI@PB/GO;S4、在所述PEI@PB/GO上涂PDMS,于60~90℃下加热,将PDMS/PEI@PB/GO从基板上剥离;再将所述DNA@Mn3(PO4)2附着于GO另一面,即得到双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。本发明还公开了所述双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料及其作为传感器地应用。本发明制得的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料可用于构建ROS传感器,能够实时检测活细胞释放的H2O2和O2 ·‑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物传感技术领域,具体涉及一种双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯 (GO)复合材料,其制备方法以及传感应用。
背景技术
活性氧(ROS)是生物有氧代谢的副产物,可介导细胞内信号传递,并且 在调节细胞增殖、分化、衰老、凋亡等方面具有重要作用。ROS生成与消除的 失衡,会引起氧化应激,过量的ROS将抑制细胞正常的生命活动。因此,ROS 不仅在众多生理学过程中发挥着重要的作用,并且与很多疾病包括癌症,心血 管疾病,神经性疾病,糖尿病,慢性炎症等有关。过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧负 离子(O2·-)是ROS的两种主要成分。H2O2是最稳定的一种ROS,并且对细胞 具有很强的毒性。它能透过细胞膜并进入细胞功能区引起蛋白质的氧化,细胞 膜脂质过氧化,DNA碱基对及磷酸骨架过氧化等。此外,生物体内O2·-参与到 机体老化、癌症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经元退变疾病的发生与发展中。 但是,H2O2和O2·-引起的细胞信号传导及其相互之间识别和功能的具体机理仍 不清楚。因此,对活细胞释放H2O2和O2·-的原位实时检测,特别是高选择性、 高灵敏地定量检测对于全面了解它们在细胞生理活动中的作用显得尤为关键, 同时可提供可靠的疾病诊断依据。然而,由于其生物半衰期极短、反应活性高、 浓度低等特点,ROS的原位实时检测至今依然是一个巨大的挑战。因此,构建高灵敏、高选择性检测平台对原位实时检测ROS至关重要。
石墨烯是由单层碳原子通过sp2杂化成键形成的蜂巢晶体结构二维片状材 料,表现出一系列独特的性能,自2004年被Novoselov等人报道以来,对石墨 烯及其衍生物纳米结构的组装和设计已被广泛报导并投入各种应用中,如燃料 电池、超级电容器、光催化、电化学传感器、电池等。氧化石墨烯(GO)是石墨 烯的一种重要衍生物,因表面含有大量功能性基团而赋予其许多优良特性如导 热性、亲水性、分散性以及与其他材料复合时的兼容性等。而功能化的氧化石 墨烯将其修饰于电极之上,从而搭建所需传感检测平台,能够实现高灵敏度、 特异性的分子检测和分析。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯 (PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2)复合材料的制备方法,该复合材料可用于构 建ROS传感器,能够实时检测活细胞释放的H2O2和O2 ·-。
本发明目的在于提供一种双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
S1、将FeCl3·6H2O和普鲁士蓝(PEI)溶于铁氰化钾(K3Fe(CN)6)中, 搅拌均匀,加热回流2~5h,所得混合物经离心、洗涤,得到普鲁士蓝修饰的聚 乙烯亚胺(PEI@PB)纳米立方体;
S2、将MnSO4和DNA溶于水中,加热至50~80℃,再加入K3PO4和水, 在50~80℃下搅拌1~2h,经离心后得到磷酸锰修饰的DNA复合物 (DNA@Mn3(PO4)2);
S3、将涂敷有GO的基板置于所述PEI@PB的溶液中,震荡2~3h,在1-(3- 二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS) 催化下,得到PEI@PB/GO;
S4、在所述PEI@PB/GO上涂PDMS,于60~90℃下加热,将 PDMS/PEI@PB/GO从基板上剥离;再将所述DNA@Mn3(PO4)2附着于GO裸露 的另一面,即得到所述PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2复合材料。
进一步地,步骤S1中,加热回流的时间为3h。
进一步地,步骤S2中,加热的温度为60℃。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述GO是采用改进的Hummers法制备的,通过 旋涂法涂敷在基板上。
进一步地,步骤S4中,还包括对得到的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材 料于无水乙醇中进行超声处理的步骤。
本发明还提供了由所述的方法制备的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。
此外,本发明还提供了一种用于检测H2O2和O2·-的传感器,包括惰性电极 基底以及位于所述惰性电极基底上的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。
进一步地,所述惰性电极基底为玻碳电极。
进一步地,所述传感器经下述步骤制备而成:以惰性电极作为基底电极, 将其抛光打磨、清洁,在电极上滴加所述双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的 溶液,干燥后即得。
此外,本发明还提供了一种使用所述传感器检测H2O2和O2·-的方法,包括 以下步骤:
向所述传感器的PBS底液中滴加待检测溶液,检测其电化学信号,进而评 价传感器对H2O2和O2·-的选择性响应性能。
进一步地,在检测过程中在PBS溶液中滴加H2O2和O2·-作为检测物。
进一步地,所述H2O2和O2·-的浓度分别为0.4mM和0.72μM。
进一步地,所述待检测溶液的pH值为5~8;更进一步地,所述pH值为7.4。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明制备的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料,可用于构建ROS传感 器,能够实时检测活细胞释放的H2O2和O2 ·-,此外,该传感器具备良好的重现 性、稳定性以及选择性,可以检测出活细胞释放的不同分子。
附图说明
图1为双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的合成示意图,内插图(a)为 GO的原子力显微镜三维形貌图,(b)为PEI-PB的透射电子显微镜图像,(c) 为DNA-Mn3(PO4)2的透射电子显微镜图像,(d)DNA-Mn3(PO4)2/GO的透射电 子显微镜图像;
图2为材料的透射电子显微镜图像:(a)DNA@Mn3(PO4)2,(b) DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GO,(c)DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GO/PDMS,(d)PEI@PB,(e) PEI@PB/GO,(f)PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2;
图3为(A)循环伏安曲线,扫描速率:0.05V/s,0.01M PBS(pH=7.4):(a) PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE;(b)DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE;(c) PEI@PB/GCE;(B)PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE的循环伏安曲线,扫 描速率:0.05V/s:(a)空白PBS;(b)0.72μM O2 ·-;(c)0.4mMH2O2;
图4为PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE计时电流曲线:(A)O2 ·-的i-t 响应曲线,测试电位为0.7V;(B)O2 ·-的i-t曲线对应的线性回归曲线;(C) H2O2的i-t响应曲线,测试电位为0.4V;(D)H2O2的i-t曲线对应的线性回归 曲线;(E)和(F)分别为0~150s和200~800s的H2O2的线性回归曲线;
图5为传感器的选择性测试:(A)H2O2;(B)O2 ·-;
图6为PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE对细胞所释放的H2O2和O2 ·-计时电流曲线:(A)和(B)分别为人类正常表皮细胞(HaCat)所释放的H2O2和O2 ·-;(C)和(D)分别为人类皮肤黑色素瘤癌细胞(A375)所释放的H2O2和O2 ·-;(E)~(H)分别为1×105HaCat,1×106HaCat,1×105A375,1×106A375 细胞显微图像。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人 员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:合成PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2复合材料
首先将10.0mL 5mM FeCl3·6H2O(pH=1.1)和1.0mL 3%的PEI加到10mL 5 mMK3Fe(CN)6(pH=1.1)溶液中,持续搅拌均匀,然后再加热回流3小时,直至 混合物变为深蓝色,再经去离子水数次洗涤、离心,即可得到PEI@PB纳米立 方体。其次,将2.1mg DNA和10.0mL 0.1M MnSO4溶液加到9mL二次水中 并加热至60℃,再将1.0mL 0.1M K3PO4和9mL二次水加入上述混合液,然 后再将混合溶液加热至60℃并持续搅拌1小时,通过离心即可得到 DNA@Mn3(PO4)2。再者,先利用改进的Hummers法制备GO,再通过旋涂法将 0.5mg/mL GO水分散液沉积到玻璃基板上,再将基板置于PEI@PB溶液中持续 振荡2小时,然后在100mM EDC和25mM NHS的催化作用下形成了 PEI@PB/GO。随后,在PEI@PB/GO表面涂布一层薄薄的PDMS来掩蔽GO表 面,于70℃下加热2小时,再将PDMS/PEI@PB/GO从玻璃基板上剥离,然后 再将DNA@Mn3(PO4)2通过π-π相互作用附着于GO裸露的另一面。最后将 DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GO/PEI@PB/PDMS置于无水乙醇中进行超声处理,即可得到 PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2复合材料。
实施例2:ROS检测传感器的制备
首先,用0.3μm和0.05μm氧化铝粉末抛光玻碳电极(GCE),然后分别 在去离子水、无水乙醇和去离子水中超声清洗3分钟。待电极表面干燥后,将 20μL制备的PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2溶液滴涂在电极表面。最后将修饰 后的电极在室温下干燥10小时。
测试例
1.复合材料的结构形貌表征
如图2a所示,DNA@Mn3(PO4)2材料属于薄片结构,其中还含有一些斑点。 将DNA@Mn3(PO4)2加入GO溶液后,薄片便会分裂,然后积聚成小块附着于 GO表面(图2b)。GO附着在PDMS基底上,DNA@Mn3(PO4)2与GO/PDMS 反应过后发生断裂,并在其上生成尺寸约为1μm的梭形材料(图2c)。由图2d 知,PEI@PB是平均直径为30nm的纳米立方体。PEI@PB/GO复合材料的形貌显示了PB纳米立方体均匀分布在GO上(图2e)。正如图2f所示,在将 DNA@Mn3(PO4)2和PEI@PB修饰到GO薄片上(箭头所示),表明已成功合 成PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2复合材料。
2.传感器的电化学性能研究
如图3A所示,采用循环伏安法(CV)研究不同修饰电极在0.01M pH=7.4 PBS中的响应情况。DNA@Mn3(PO4)2修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)在650mV和360 mV时出现一对氧化还原峰(曲线b)。由曲线c可知,PEI@PB/GCE在715mV 时有一个氧化峰出现,但还原峰还不明显。PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE 主要有一个氧化峰在614mV,还原峰在337mV,在850mV还有一个不明显 的还原峰(曲线a)。这可能是由于PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2复合材料结 合了单组分的特性。如图3B所示,PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE在PBS 中CV响应(曲线a),在PBS中加入0.72μM O2·-(曲线b)或0.4mM H2O2(曲 线c)后,PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE的氧化和还原电流都显著提高。
3.传感器的检测限及灵敏度
在均匀搅拌的PBS(0.01M pH 7.4)中分别连续加入O2·-(图4A)和H2O2(图 4C),记录PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE的电流-时间曲线。传感器对加 入的H2O2和O2·-迅速产生阶跃式响应,对H2O2和O2·-分别在7秒内和5秒 内达到95%的稳态电流。即时响应对于实时测定活细胞释放的H2O2和O2·-是十 分重要的。H2O2线性范围为0.1~141.1μM和191.1~741.1μM,其线性回归方 程为I=6.68+0.16c(R2=0.993)和I=22.57+0.06c(R2=0.996),其检测限值可达33 nM。与此同时,O2·-线性范围为6.5nM~8.85μM,其线性方程为I=58.42+0.11c (R2=0.999),测得检测限可达2.1nM。
4.传感器的稳定性和选择性研究
对H2O2和O2·-五次重复检测来评估PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE的 批内精密度。传感器表现出了良好的可重复性,对H2O2和O2·-的相对标准偏差 (RSD)分别为1.8%和5.1%。批间精密度通过对五支独立的传感器测定H2O2和O2·-浓度来评价,所得到的RSD对H2O2和O2·-分别为8.6%和6.3%。因此, 制备的传感器具有良好的稳定性。
进一步对所构建传感器的选择性及抗干扰能力进行了测试,研究了多巴胺 (DA)、抗坏血酸(AA)、氯化钾(KCl)、硝酸钠(NaNO3)对H2O2和O2·-的干扰。结果表明160μM KCl,160μM NaNO3,0.4μM AA和0.01μM DA对 15μM H2O2和0.7μM O2·-没有产生明显的干扰(图5a,b)。
5.在实际样品中的研究应用
在不同细胞和可控细胞密度下,原位定量检测活细胞释放的H2O2。向细胞 内注入了佛波酯(PMA)并持续温和搅拌,分别刺激人体正常皮肤细胞和癌细胞 (HaCat cell和A375cell)产生H2O2,然后在0.4V电位下记录电流响应情况(图 6E~H)。在不同细胞密度时,PEI@PB/GO/DNA@Mn3(PO4)2/GCE对HaCat cell 和A375cell的电化学响应,结果如图6A和C所示。在细胞密度为1.0×105和 1.0×106的情况下,随着PMA的加入,电流明显增加。与此对比,注入5μg mL-1 PMA和500U mL-1过氧化氢酶混合物后,对于相同的受控细胞密度,没有明显的电流增加,表明释放的H2O2分子被过氧化氢酶分解。同时,在0.7V的电 位下采用计时电流法详细研究了活细胞释放出的O2·-,图6B和D分别表示了 HaCat细胞和A375细胞的响应情况。在持续温和搅拌下,加入10mM酵母聚 糖(Zym),出现了显著的响应电流,细胞密度分别为1.0×105和1.0×106。然而, 当10mM酵母聚糖和300U mL-1超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的混合物加入到细胞 密度为1.0×105和1.0×106的溶液中,并没有观察到明显的电流变化,这可能是 因为释放的O2·-分子被SOD所消耗。因此,响应电流的增加归因于HaCat和 A375细胞释放的O2·-。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的 保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或 变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将FeCl3·6H2O和PEI溶于K3Fe(CN)6中,搅拌均匀,加热回流2~5h,所得混合物经离心、洗涤,得到PEI@PB纳米立方体;
S2、将MnSO4和DNA溶于水中,加热至50~80℃,再加入K3PO4和水,在50~80℃下搅拌1~2h,经离心后得到DNA@Mn3(PO4)2;
S3、将涂敷有GO的基板置于所述PEI@PB的溶液中,震荡2~3h,在EDC和NHS的催化下,得到PEI@PB/GO;
S4、在所述PEI@PB/GO上涂PDMS,于60~90℃下加热,将PDMS/PEI@PB/GO从基板上剥离;再将所述DNA@Mn3(PO4)2附着于GO裸露的另一面,即得到所述双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,加热回流的时间为3h。
3.如权利要求1所述的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,加热的温度为60℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,还包括对得到的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料于无水乙醇中进行超声处理的步骤。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的方法制备的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。
6.一种用于检测H2O2和O2·-的传感器,其特征在于,包括惰性电极基底以及位于所述惰性电极基底上的如权利要求5所述的双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的用于检测H2O2和O2·-的传感器,其特征在于,所述惰性电极基底为玻碳电极。
8.如权利要求6所述的用于检测H2O2和O2·-的传感器,其特征在于,所述传感器经下述步骤制备而成:以惰性电极作为基底电极,将其抛光打磨、清洁,在电极上滴加所述双功能仿生酶/氧化石墨烯复合材料的溶液,干燥后即得。
9.使用如权利要求6~8任一项所述的传感器检测H2O2和O2·-的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
向所述传感器的PBS底液中滴加待检测溶液,检测其电化学信号,进而评价传感器对H2O2和O2·-的选择性响应性能。
10.如权利要求9所述的检测H2O2和O2·-的方法,其特征在于,所述待检测溶液的pH值为5~8。
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