CN110595931B - Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load sediment by displacement method - Google Patents
Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load sediment by displacement method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 290
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method, comprising an over-water part and an under-water part, wherein the under-water part comprises a lead fish and a cable, a submerged pump is arranged on the cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submerged pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, an upper water pipe of the submerged pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the over-water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, the upper end of the water container is provided with an overflow water pipe, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow drain pipe, the lower end of the water container is provided with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with the electromagnetic valve; the first temperature sensor is installed at the same height of the submersible pump, and the second temperature sensor is installed at the overflow drain pipe. The invention can realize the automation of observing the river suspended sediment, greatly reduce the errors caused by manual intervention and manual intervention, improve the working efficiency by tens of times and greatly reduce the energy consumption.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to a hydrologic sediment monitoring technology, in particular to a method and a device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method.
The background technology is as follows:
River sediment testing is one of the important contents of hydrologic monitoring. River suspended solids and sediment test Specification
(GB/T50159-2015) (hereinafter referred to as "Specification") defines a silt test method including a drying method, a displacement method and a filtration method. However, in order to achieve the required precision, a large amount of water sample is required to be taken, water sample treatment such as precipitation, filtration and drying is carried out in a sand sample room, a sand measurement process can be completed only once in a long time, or a large amount of electric energy is required to be consumed for drying, so that the time consumption is long, the time efficiency is poor, the labor input is high, and the information is difficult to share. For a long time, many researches such as a photoelectric method, an isotope method, a vibrating tube method, an ultrasonic method and the like are carried out on an automatic sand measurement technology at home and abroad, but due to the constraint of some self factors of a new instrument, the direct use of the novel instrument in a hydrological station is limited, no mature technology for automatically monitoring suspended sediment is written in the specification, and no method is available for forming a product which can be popularized and used and is still in a test state. Due to the technical limitations, the sand measurement at home and abroad is basically in a manual working state at present, which becomes a short plate which is difficult to surmount and a problem to be solved urgently in the field of hydrologic monitoring.
The invention comprises the following steps:
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method and the device for automatically monitoring the suspended load sediment by the replacement method have reasonable design, are capable of realizing automatic monitoring, and are simple and reliable.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises the following steps:
a. A lead fish is arranged on a flow measurement section through a flow measurement facility, a submersible pump is arranged on a cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, a water inlet pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and enters a water inlet of a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow water drain pipe, and a water drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the water container;
b. A first temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the miniature submersible pump, a second temperature sensor is arranged at the overflow drain pipe, and the two temperature sensors are connected with a controller; solenoid valves are respectively arranged on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump and a water drain pipe of the water container, and the two solenoid valves, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are connected with a controller;
c. A shunt pipe is arranged on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump, a shunt electromagnetic valve is arranged on the shunt pipe, the submersible pump is started to perform pre-filling, after the pre-filling is finished, the shunt electromagnetic valve is opened, the water supply pipe electromagnetic valve of the submersible pump is closed, the electromagnetic valve on a water container drain pipe is opened to drain water, after the draining is finished, the electromagnetic valve on the water container drain pipe is closed, and a weighing sensor is used for weighing the water container as initial weight;
d. When water is filled, the shunt electromagnetic valve is closed, the electromagnetic valve of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump is opened to fill water into the water container, when the water injection quantity is larger than the rated volume of the water container, the overflow water pipe starts to overflow, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature is eliminated, the electromagnetic valves of the submersible pump and the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump are closed, the water container is weighed by adopting the weighing sensor, the weight is taken as the final weight, and then the electromagnetic valve of the water discharging pipe is opened to discharge water in the water container, so that a complete monitoring process is completed.
In the step d, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the drain pipe is opened to drain the muddy water in the water container, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the drain pipe of the water container is closed to continuously inject water into the water container, and when the overflow water pipe overflows again after the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the split-flow electromagnetic valve is opened, the electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe and the submersible pump are closed in sequence, and the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water supply pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced.
Setting the rated volume of a water container as V, the unit is cm 3, the initial weight as W 0, the unit is g, the final weight as W t, the unit is g, the sediment volume as V S, the unit is cm 3, the density as rho S, the unit is g/cm 3,ρS, the fixed hydrologic section is a stable value, the clear water density as rho w, the unit is g/cm 3, the water temperature in an overflow water pipe is T, the replacement coefficient is K, the sediment mass is W S, the unit is g, the unit sand content is C S, and the unit is kg/m 3;
(1) The first calculation method comprises the following steps:
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW＝(1-1/K)ρS
C. sediment mass calculation
WS＝K(Wt-W0-VρW)
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS＝1000WS/V
(2) The second calculation method is as follows:
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW＝(1-1/K)ρS
C. Calculation of sediment volume
Vs＝(Wt-W0-ρwV)/(ρs-ρw)
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS＝1000ρs Vs/V。
The water container is of a spherical structure (or a cylinder is arranged in the middle of the container, conical structures are arranged at the two ends of the container), the upper end of the overflow water pipe is of a duckbill shape, and the upper end of the overflow water pipe extends into the overflow water drain pipe and is not contacted with the overflow water drain pipe, and the upper end of the water pipe of the submersible pump extends into the water inlet of the water container and is not contacted with the water inlet.
A protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, and the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base.
The device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises an over-water part and an under-water part, wherein the under-water part comprises a lead fish and a cable, a submerged pump is arranged on the cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submerged pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, an upper water pipe of the submerged pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the over-water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into the overflow water pipe, a drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the water container, and the drain pipe is provided with the electromagnetic valve; the first temperature sensor is installed at the same height of the submersible pump, the second temperature sensor is installed at the overflow drain pipe, and the two solenoid valves, the two temperature sensors, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are all connected with the controller.
The shunt valve is positioned at the front part of the electromagnetic valve of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump.
The water container is of a spherical structure or a cylindrical structure in the middle of the water container, conical structures are arranged at the two ends of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is of a duckbill shape, the overflow water pipe stretches into the overflow water pipe and is not contacted with the overflow water pipe, and the upper end of the water pipe of the submersible pump stretches into the water inlet of the water container and is not contacted with the water inlet.
And a protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base, and the submersible pump is a miniature submersible pump.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention can meet the requirements of river suspended sediment test Specification (GB/T50159-2015), directly calculate the sediment content of the suspended sediment by automatically weighing a water sample with a certain temperature and a certain volume according to a replacement method in Specification, realize the innovation of the method and the important breakthrough of an automatic monitoring device according to the method, and have important practical value for comprehensively realizing the automatic monitoring of the suspended sediment.
2. The invention can effectively avoid the complex, time-consuming and energy-consuming water sample treatment processes such as water sample precipitation, filtration and drying in the original suspended sediment testing process, can realize the automatic acquisition, calculation and transmission of river suspended sediment, and provides convenience for sediment data automatic treatment, reorganization and sharing.
3. The invention can realize the automation of river suspended sediment observation, greatly reduce errors caused by manual intervention and manual intervention, improve the working efficiency by tens of times and reduce the energy consumption by tens of times.
4. The invention avoids the volume and density measurement of clear water, avoids the complex process of obtaining clear water, simplifies the device structure and enhances the practicability.
5. The invention has simple structure and easy implementation. The metering sensor technology is mature, and is convenient to realize and popularize. The invention has simple device, low requirement on environment, convenient operation and maintenance, strong practicability and higher economic and social benefits.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the underwater portion of an apparatus for automatically monitoring suspended solids by displacement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water section of the apparatus for automatic monitoring of suspended sediment by displacement.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
examples: referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the drawings show a 1-cable, a 2-signal line, a 3-temperature sensor, a 4-submersible pump water inlet, a 5-submersible pump, a 6-lead, a 7-feed pipe solenoid valve, an 8-shunt pipe, a 9-shunt pipe solenoid valve, a 10-tee, an 11-submersible pump feed pipe, a 13-container water inlet, a 14-water container, a 15-drain pipe solenoid valve, a 16-protection cartridge, a 17-base, a 18-fixing bolt, a 19-overflow pipe, a 20-duckbill pipe, a 21-temperature sensor, a 22-overflow drain pipe, a 23-overflow drain pipe leg, a 24-round bracket, a 25-drain pipe, a 26-leg, and a 27-weighing sensor.
The device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by the displacement method comprises an underwater part and an over-water part.
1. Underwater part:
The miniature submersible pump 5 is arranged above the lead 6 of the hydrological current measuring cableway or the current measuring winch or other fixed hydrological current measuring facilities, the water inlet 4 of the miniature submersible pump is parallel to the main line of the lead 6, the temperature sensor 3 is arranged at the same height of the miniature submersible pump, the sensor signal line 2 and the miniature submersible pump water feeding pipe 11 are attached to the cable 1 and can move up and down along with the cable (the original hydrological current measuring cableway and the hydrological winch have the up and down moving function). The water inlet of the miniature submersible pump penetrates into the long nozzle water inlet 13 of the water container in the water part, but the miniature submersible pump and the long nozzle water inlet are not contacted, when the miniature submersible pump is started, water can be pumped into the water container, and the electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged at the pipe orifice of the water inlet. A tee joint 10 is arranged on a water supply pipe outside the electromagnetic valve, a shunt pipe 8 is arranged on the tee joint, and a shunt electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged on the shunt pipe 8 and can be used for draining retained water in the water supply pipe and non-representative water drawing. The wall of the water supply pipe has a heat insulation function, and the water temperature in the pipe can be kept unchanged during water drawing. The miniature submersible pump and the electromagnetic valve are connected with the controller to realize communication and control.
2. Water portion:
firstly, a protection cylinder 16 is arranged and is installed on a base 17 for keeping temperature and avoiding the influence of external environment; a water container 14 is arranged in the protective cylinder, an overflow water pipe 19 is arranged at the right upper part of the container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is designed into a duckbill shape 20, the duckbill is sleeved into an overflow water pipe 22 and is not contacted with the overflow water pipe, a temperature sensor 21 is arranged in the overflow water pipe for monitoring the temperature of a water body, the overflow water pipe is provided with supporting legs 23, and the supporting legs are fixed on a base; the middle part of the water container is provided with an inclined upward long-mouth water inlet 13 which is higher than an overflow water pipe orifice 19, a submersible pump water supply pipe 11 is embedded into the water inlet 13 but is not contacted with the water inlet 13, and the water supply pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve 7; a drain pipe 25 is arranged at the right lower part of the container, and an electromagnetic valve 15 is arranged on the drain pipe; the lower part of the water container is provided with a circular bracket 24, the bracket is provided with supporting legs 26, the supporting legs are arranged on a weighing sensor 27 at the lower part, and the weighing sensor 27 is arranged on a base. The electromagnetic valve and the weighing sensor are connected with the controller.
3. The monitoring method comprises the following steps:
When monitoring is required, all solenoid valves are in a closed state, and the water container is weighed by the load cell 27 as an initial weight. Firstly, the electromagnetic valve 9 is opened, the micro submersible pump 5 is opened, pre-pumping is carried out, the pumping water is discharged from the drain pipe 8, the temperature of the inner wall of the water supply pipe is consistent with the temperature of the water, and the pumping water is uniform and stable. Then opening the electromagnetic valve 7, closing the electromagnetic valve 9, and filling water into the water container, when the water filling amount is larger than the rated volume of the water container, the duckbill of the overflow drain pipe of the container starts overflowing, and when the water filling time is longer than the rated water filling time, the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature is eliminated; then the electromagnetic valve 15 is opened to drain the muddy water in the container, and when the drainage time is longer than the rated value, the electromagnetic valve 15 is closed; and continuously injecting water into the container, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time and the duckbill of the overflow drain pipe of the container overflows again, sequentially opening the electromagnetic valve 9, closing the electromagnetic valve 7 and closing the miniature submersible pump, so that the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water supply pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced as much as possible. After the overflow drainage is finished, the weighing sensor 27 is adopted to weigh the water container as the final weight, and then the electromagnetic valve 15 is opened to drain the water in the water container, so that a complete monitoring process is completed. Other metering methods may be used periodically to rate the volume of the water container.
4. The single sand calculation method comprises the following steps:
let the rated volume of the water container be V (cm 3), the initial weight be W 0 (g), the final weight be W t (g), the sediment volume be V S(cm3), the density be ρ S(g/cm3),ρS be a stable value for the fixed hydrologic section, the clear water density be ρ w(g/cm3), the water temperature in the overflow water pipe be T, the replacement coefficient be K, the sediment mass be W S (g), the single sand content be C S(kg/m3.
(1) Calculation method I
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW＝(1-1/K)ρS
C. sediment mass calculation
WS＝K(Wt-W0-VρW)
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS＝1000WS/V
(2) Calculation method II
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW＝(1-1/K)ρS
C. Calculation of sediment volume
Vs＝(Wt-W0-ρwV)/(ρs-ρw)
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS＝1000ρs Vs/V
Substitution coefficient K value table
This table was taken from river suspended sediment test Specification (GB/T50159-2015).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises the following steps:
a. A lead fish is arranged on a flow measurement section through a flow measurement facility, a submersible pump is arranged on a cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, a water inlet pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and enters a water inlet of a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow water drain pipe, and a water drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the water container;
b. A first temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the miniature submersible pump, a second temperature sensor is arranged at the overflow drain pipe, and the two temperature sensors are connected with a controller; solenoid valves are respectively arranged on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump and a water drain pipe of the water container, and the two solenoid valves, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are connected with a controller;
c. a shunt pipe is arranged on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump, a shunt electromagnetic valve is arranged on the shunt pipe, the submersible pump is started to perform pre-filling, the shunt electromagnetic valve on the shunt pipe is opened, the electromagnetic valve on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump is closed, the electromagnetic valve on a water container drain pipe is opened to drain water, the electromagnetic valve on the water container drain pipe is closed after the water is drained, and a weighing sensor is adopted to weigh the water container as initial weight;
d. When water is filled, the shunt electromagnetic valve is closed, the electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump is opened to fill water into the water container, when the water injection amount is larger than the rated volume of the water container, the overflow water pipe starts to overflow, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature is eliminated, the electromagnetic valves of the submersible pump and the water supply pipe of the submersible pump are closed, the water container is weighed by adopting the weighing sensor as the final weight, and then the electromagnetic valve of the water drain pipe is opened to drain water in the water container, so that the complete monitoring process is completed;
setting the rated volume of a water container as V, the unit is cm 3, the initial weight as W 0, the unit is g, the final weight as W t, the unit is g, the sediment volume as V S, the unit is cm 3, the density as rho S, the unit is g/cm 3,ρS, the fixed hydrologic section is a stable value, the clear water density as rho w, the unit is g/cm 3, the water temperature in an overflow water pipe is T, the replacement coefficient is K, the sediment mass is W S, the unit is g, the single sediment content is C S, and the unit is kg/m 3;
(1) The first calculation method comprises the following steps:
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW =（1-1/ K）ρS
C. sediment mass calculation
WS=K（Wt-W0-VρW）
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS=1000 WS /V
(2) The second calculation method is as follows:
A, according to the temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe and the value rho S, searching a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. calculating the density of clear water ρ according to ρ S and the K value w
ρW =（1-1/ K）ρS
C. Calculation of sediment volume
Vs =（Wt-W0-ρwV）/（ρs-ρw）
D. calculation of the sand content of a sample
CS=1000ρs Vs /V。
2. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by displacement method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step d, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the water draining pipe of the water container is opened to drain the muddy water in the water container, when the water drainage time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the water draining pipe of the water container is closed to continuously inject water into the water container, and when the overflow water pipe overflows again after the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, the electromagnetic valve of the water supplying pipe and the submersible pump are sequentially opened, and the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water supplying pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced.
3. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by displacement method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water container is of a spherical structure or a cylindrical structure in the middle of the container, conical structures are arranged at the two ends of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is of a duckbill shape, the water container extends into the overflow water drain pipe and is not contacted with the overflow water drain pipe, and the upper end of the water pipe of the submersible pump extends into the water inlet of the water container and is not contacted with the water inlet.
4. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by displacement method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, and the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base.
5. The utility model provides a device of displacement method automatic monitoring suspended solid silt, includes water part and underwater part, characterized by: the underwater part comprises a lead and a cable, a submersible pump is arranged on the cable above the lead, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the lead, a water supply pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow drain pipe, the lower end of the water container is provided with a drain pipe, and the drain pipe is provided with the electromagnetic valve; the first temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the submersible pump, the second temperature sensor is arranged at the overflow drain pipe, and the two electromagnetic valves, the two temperature sensors, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are all connected with the controller;
the water supply pipe of the submersible pump is provided with a shunt pipe, the shunt pipe is provided with a shunt valve, and the shunt valve is positioned at the front part of the electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump.
6. The device for automatically monitoring suspended solids by displacement method according to claim 5, wherein: the water container is of a spherical structure or a cylindrical structure in the middle of the water container, conical structures are arranged at the two ends of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is of a duckbill shape, the overflow water pipe stretches into the overflow water pipe and is not contacted with the overflow water pipe, and the upper end of the water pipe of the submersible pump stretches into the water inlet of the water container and is not contacted with the water inlet.
7. The device for automatically monitoring suspended solids by displacement method according to claim 5, wherein: and a protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base, and the submersible pump is a miniature submersible pump.
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