CN110595931A - Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by displacement method - Google Patents

Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by displacement method Download PDF

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CN110595931A
CN110595931A CN201910852623.4A CN201910852623A CN110595931A CN 110595931 A CN110595931 A CN 110595931A CN 201910852623 A CN201910852623 A CN 201910852623A CN 110595931 A CN110595931 A CN 110595931A
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pipe
submersible pump
overflow
container
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CN110595931B (en
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岳利军
赵彦增
王冬至
周振华
冯瑛
罗清元
陈磊
罗晓丹
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    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C13/00Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N5/00Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by a displacement method, wherein the method comprises an above-water part and an underwater part, the underwater part comprises a fish lead and a cable, a submersible pump is mounted on the cable above the fish lead, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the fish lead, a water feeding pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the above-water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a support, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow drain pipe, the lower end of the water container is provided with a drain pipe, and the; the first temperature sensor is installed at the same height of the submersible pump, and the second temperature sensor is installed at the overflow drain pipe. The invention can realize automation of river suspended load sediment observation, greatly reduce errors caused by manual intervention and manual intervention, improve the working efficiency by tens of times and greatly reduce the energy consumption.

Description

Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by displacement method
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a hydrological sediment monitoring technology, in particular to a method and a device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method.
Background art:
river sediment tests are one of the important contents for hydrological monitoring. The river suspended sediment test specification (GB/T50159-2015) (hereinafter referred to as the specification) specifies sediment test methods including a drying method, a replacement method and a filtering method. However, in any method, in order to achieve the required precision, a large number of water samples need to be taken, water sample treatment such as precipitation, filtration, drying and the like is performed in a sand sample chamber, a long time is needed to complete a sand measuring process, or a large amount of electric energy needs to be consumed for drying, so that the time consumption is long, the time efficiency is poor, the manpower input is large, and information is difficult to share. For a long time, many researches on automatic sand measuring technologies at home and abroad are carried out, such as a photoelectric method, an isotope method, a vibrating tube method, an ultrasonic method and the like, but the direct use of the new instruments in a hydrological station is limited due to the constraint of certain factors, and at present, no mature technology for automatically monitoring suspended load silt is written in the specification, and no product formed by the method can be popularized and used and is still in a test state. Due to the technical limitations, the sand measurement at home and abroad is still basically in a manual working state at present, which becomes a short board which is difficult to exceed and a problem to be solved urgently in the hydrological monitoring field.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method and the device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by the displacement method have the advantages of overcoming the defects of the prior art, along with reasonable design, realization of automatic monitoring, simplicity and reliability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises the following steps:
a. the method comprises the following steps that a flow measuring facility is arranged on a flow measuring section, a submersible pump is mounted on a cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, a water feeding pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and enters a water inlet of a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a support, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is communicated into an overflow drain pipe, and a drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the;
b. a first temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the miniature submersible pump, a second temperature sensor is arranged at the overflow drain pipe, and the two temperature sensors are both connected with a controller; electromagnetic valves are respectively arranged on a water feeding pipe and a water discharging pipe of the submersible pump, and the two electromagnetic valves, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are all connected with the controller;
c. arranging a shunt pipe on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump, arranging a shunt electromagnetic valve on the shunt pipe, starting the submersible pump to pre-fill water, opening the shunt electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump, closing the electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump after the pre-filling is finished, opening the electromagnetic valve on a water container drain pipe to drain water, closing the electromagnetic valve on the water container drain pipe after the draining is finished, and weighing the water container by adopting a weighing sensor to serve as initial weight;
d. when water is filled, the shunt electromagnetic valve is closed, the electromagnetic valve of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump is opened, water is filled into the water container, when the water filling amount is larger than the rated volume of the water container, the overflow water pipe begins to overflow, after the water filling time is longer than the rated water filling time, the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature is eliminated, the electromagnetic valves of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump and the submersible pump are closed, the water container is weighed by adopting the weighing sensor to serve as the final weight, then the electromagnetic valve of the water discharging pipe is opened to discharge the water in the water.
And d, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, opening the drain pipe electromagnetic valve to drain water so that muddy water in the water container is discharged, when the water drainage time is longer than the rated value, closing the drain pipe electromagnetic valve to continue injecting water into the water container, and when the overflow water pipe overflows again after the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, opening the shunt electromagnetic valve, closing the water feeding pipe electromagnetic valve and the submersible pump in sequence, so that the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water feeding pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced.
The rated volume of the water container is V and the unit is cm3Initial weight of W0In units of g and a final weight of WtIn g, volume of silt VSIn units of cm3Density of rhoSIn units of g/cm3,ρSFor a fixed hydrological section, the value is a stable value, and the clear water density is rhowIn units of g/cm3The temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe is T, the replacement coefficient is K, and the mass of the silt is WSG, and C for single sampleSIn units of kg/m3
(1) The first calculation method comprises the following steps:
a, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt mass
WS=K(Wt-W0-VρW
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000 WS /V
(2) And a second calculation method comprises the following steps:
a, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt volume
Vs =(Wt-W0wV)/(ρsw
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000ρs Vs /V。
The water container is spherical structure (or the middle of the container is a cylinder, and two ends of the container are cone structures), the upper end of the overflow water pipe is duckbilled, the upper end of the overflow water pipe stretches into the overflow drain pipe and does not contact with the overflow drain pipe, and the upper end of the upper water pipe of the submersible pump stretches into the water inlet of the water container and does not contact with the water inlet.
A protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, and the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base.
A device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by a displacement method comprises an above-water part and an underwater part, wherein the underwater part comprises a fish lead and a cable, a submersible pump is mounted on the cable above the fish lead, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the fish lead, a water feeding pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the above-water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a support, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is led into an overflow drain pipe, a drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the water container, and the electromagnetic valve is; the same high department of immersible pump installation first temperature sensor, overflow drain pipe department installation second temperature sensor, two solenoid valves, two temperature sensor, immersible pump and weighing sensor all are connected with the controller.
The submersible pump water supply pipe is provided with a shunt pipe, a shunt electromagnetic valve is arranged on the shunt pipe, and the shunt valve is positioned in the front of the electromagnetic valve of the submersible pump water supply pipe.
The water container is spherical structure or is the cylinder and both ends are the circular cone structure in the middle of the container, the upper end of overflow water pipe is the duckbilled form, stretches into overflow drain pipe and not with overflow drain pipe contacts, the upper end of immersible pump water-supply line stretches into the water inlet of water container and not with the water inlet contact.
A protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base, and the submersible pump is a micro submersible pump.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can meet the requirements of river suspended sediment test specification (GB/T50159-2015), and directly calculates the sediment content of the suspended sediment by automatically weighing a water sample with certain temperature and certain volume according to a replacement method in the specification, thereby realizing method innovation and major breakthrough of an automatic monitoring device according to the method, and having great practical value for comprehensively realizing automatic monitoring of the suspended sediment.
2. The invention can effectively avoid complicated, time-consuming and energy-consuming water sample treatment processes such as water sample precipitation, filtration and drying in the original suspended load sediment test process, can realize automatic collection, calculation and transmission of the river suspended load sediment, and provides convenience for automatic treatment, reorganization and sharing of sediment data.
3. The invention can realize automation of river suspended load sediment observation, greatly reduce errors caused by manual intervention and manual intervention, improve the working efficiency by tens of times and reduce the energy consumption by tens of times.
4. The invention avoids the measurement of the volume and the density of the clear water, avoids the complex process of obtaining the clear water, simplifies the structure of the device and enhances the practicability.
5. The invention has simple structure and easy implementation. The metering sensor is mature in technology and convenient to realize and popularize. The invention has the advantages of simple device, low requirement on environment, convenient operation and maintenance, strong practicability and higher economic and social benefits.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the underwater portion of the apparatus for automatic monitoring of suspended load silt by displacement;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overwater part of the device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example (b): referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the drawings, 1-cable, 2-signal line, 3-temperature sensor, 4-submersible pump water inlet, 5-submersible pump, 6-fish lead, 7-water supply pipe solenoid valve, 8-drain pipe, 9-drain pipe solenoid valve, 10-tee joint, 11-submersible pump water supply pipe, 13-container water inlet, 14-water container, 15-drain pipe solenoid valve, 16-protective cylinder, 17-base, 18-fixing bolt, 19-overflow pipe, 20-duck mouth pipe, 21-temperature sensor, 22-overflow drain pipe, 23-overflow drain pipe support, 24-round support, 25-drain pipe, 26-support leg, and 27-weighing sensor.
The device for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises an underwater part and an above-water part.
1. An underwater part:
install miniature immersible pump 5 above fish 6 of plumbous of hydrology flow measurement cable way or current-measuring winch or other fixed hydrology flow measurement facilities, miniature immersible pump water inlet 4 is parallel with the 6 thread of plumbous fish, installs temperature sensor 3 in miniature immersible pump same high department, and sensor signal line 2, miniature immersible pump upper hose 11 depend on cable 1, can reciprocate along with the cable (original hydrology flow measurement cable way, hydrology winch have possessed the function of reciprocating). The water feeding pipe orifice of the miniature submersible pump extends into the long-nozzle water inlet 13 of the water container on the water surface, but the miniature submersible pump and the long-nozzle water inlet are not contacted, when the miniature submersible pump is started, water can be sucked into the water container, and the electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged at the pipe orifice of the water feeding pipe. The tee joint 10 is arranged on the water feeding pipe on the outer side of the electromagnetic valve, the water discharging pipe 8 is arranged on the tee joint, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged on the water discharging pipe and can be used for discharging stagnant water in the water feeding pipe and representatively drawing water. The pipe wall of the water feeding pipe has a heat insulation function, and the water temperature in the pipe can be guaranteed to be unchanged during water drawing. The miniature submersible pump and the electromagnetic valve are connected with the controller to realize communication and control.
2. The water part:
firstly, a protection barrel 16 is arranged and is arranged on a base 17 and used for heat preservation and avoiding the influence of external environment; a water container 14 is arranged in the protective cylinder, an overflow water pipe 19 is arranged right above the container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is designed into a duckbill shape 20, the duckbill is sleeved in an overflow drain pipe 22 and is not contacted with the overflow drain pipe, a temperature sensor 21 is arranged in the overflow water pipe for monitoring the temperature of the water body, and the overflow drain pipe is provided with a support leg 23 which is fixed on the base; the middle part of the water container is provided with an inclined upward long-mouth water inlet 13 which is higher than an overflow water pipe port 19, a submersible pump water supply pipe 11 is embedded in the water inlet 13 and is not contacted with each other, and the water supply pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve 7; a drain pipe 25 is arranged right below the container, and an electromagnetic valve 15 is arranged on the drain pipe; the lower part of the water container is provided with a circular bracket 24 which is provided with a supporting leg 26, the supporting leg is arranged on a weighing sensor 27 at the lower part, and the weighing sensor 27 is arranged on a base. The electromagnetic valve and the weighing sensor are connected with the controller.
3. The monitoring method comprises the following steps:
when monitoring is required, all the electromagnetic valves are in a closed state, and the water container is weighed by the weighing sensor 27 as an initial weight. Firstly, the electromagnetic valve 9 is opened, the micro submersible pump 5 is opened, pre-drawing is carried out, and the drawn water is discharged from the drain pipe 8, so that the temperature of the inner wall of the water feeding pipe is consistent with the water temperature, and the drawing is uniform and stable. Then opening the electromagnetic valve 7, closing the electromagnetic valve 9, filling water into the water container, when the water filling amount is larger than the rated volume of the water container, enabling the duckbill of the overflow drain pipe of the container to overflow, and when the water filling time is larger than the rated water filling time, eliminating the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature; then the electromagnetic valve 15 is opened to drain water, so that muddy water in the container is drained, and when the drainage time is greater than a rated value, the electromagnetic valve 15 is closed; and (3) continuing to inject water into the container, and when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time and the duckbill of the overflow drain pipe of the container overflows again, sequentially opening the electromagnetic valve 9, closing the electromagnetic valve 7 and closing the micro submersible pump, so that the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water feeding pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced as much as possible. And monitoring the water temperature of the water in the overflow drain pipe, weighing the water container by using the weighing sensor 27 after the overflow drain is finished, taking the weight as the final weight, and then opening the electromagnetic valve 15 to drain the water in the water container, thereby completing a complete monitoring process. Other metering methods may be periodically employed to rate the volume of the water container.
4. The single sand calculation method comprises the following steps:
the rated volume of the water container is V (cm)3) Initial weight of W0(g) Final weight Wt(g) Volume of silt VS(cm3) Density of rhoS (g/cm3),ρSFor a fixed hydrological section, the value is a stable value, and the clear water density is rhow (g/cm3) The temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe is T, the replacement coefficient is K, and the mass of the silt is WS(g) The sand content of a single sample is CS(kg/m3)。
(1) Calculation method 1
A, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt mass
WS=K(Wt-W0-VρW
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000 WS /V
(2) Calculation method two
A, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt volume
Vs =(Wt-W0wV)/(ρsw
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000ρs Vs /V
Replacement coefficient K value table
This table was extracted from the river suspended sediment test Specification (GB/T50159-2015).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method comprises the following steps:
a. the method comprises the following steps that a flow measuring facility is arranged on a flow measuring section, a submersible pump is mounted on a cable above the lead fish, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the lead fish, a water feeding pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and enters a water inlet of a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a support, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is communicated into an overflow drain pipe, and a drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the;
b. a first temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the miniature submersible pump, a second temperature sensor is arranged at the overflow drain pipe, and the two temperature sensors are both connected with a controller; electromagnetic valves are respectively arranged on a water feeding pipe and a water discharging pipe of the submersible pump, and the two electromagnetic valves, the submersible pump and the weighing sensor are all connected with the controller;
c. arranging a shunt pipe on a water supply pipe of the submersible pump, arranging a shunt electromagnetic valve on the shunt pipe, starting the submersible pump to pre-fill water, opening the shunt electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump, closing the electromagnetic valve of the water supply pipe of the submersible pump after the pre-filling is finished, opening the electromagnetic valve on a water container drain pipe to drain water, closing the electromagnetic valve on the water container drain pipe after the draining is finished, and weighing the water container by adopting a weighing sensor to serve as initial weight;
d. when water is filled, the shunt electromagnetic valve is closed, the electromagnetic valve of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump is opened, water is filled into the water container, when the water filling amount is larger than the rated capacity shunt electromagnetic valve of the water container, the overflow water pipe starts to overflow in long time, after the water filling time is larger than the rated water filling time, the influence of the temperature of the inner wall of the container on the water temperature is eliminated, the electromagnetic valves of the water feeding pipe of the submersible pump and the submersible pump are closed, the water container is weighed by adopting a weighing sensor and is used as the final weight, then the electromagnetic valve of the water discharging pipe is opened to discharge the water in.
2. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and d, when the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, opening the drain pipe electromagnetic valve to drain water so that muddy water in the water container is discharged, when the water drainage time is longer than the rated value, closing the drain pipe electromagnetic valve to continue injecting water into the water container, and when the overflow water pipe overflows again after the water injection time is longer than the rated water injection time, opening the shunt electromagnetic valve, closing the water feeding pipe electromagnetic valve and the submersible pump in sequence, so that the pressure of the water hammer effect on the water feeding pipe and the electromagnetic valve is reduced.
3. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rated volume of the water container is V and the unit is cm3Initial weight of W0In units of g and a final weight of WtIn g, volume of silt VSIn units of cm3Density of rhoSIn units of g/cm3,ρSFor a fixed hydrological section, the value is a stable value, and the clear water density is rhowIn units of g/cm3The temperature of the water body in the overflow water pipe is T, the replacement coefficient is K, and the mass of the silt is WSG, and C for single sampleSIn units of kg/m3
(1) The first calculation method comprises the following steps:
a, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt mass
WS=K(Wt-W0-VρW
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000 WS /V
(2) And a second calculation method comprises the following steps:
a, according to the temperature and rho of the water body in the overflow water pipeSLooking up a replacement coefficient table to obtain a K value;
B. according to rhoSAnd calculating the clear water density rho by the K valuew
ρW =(1/ K-1)ρS
C. Calculation of silt volume
Vs =(Wt-W0wV)/(ρsw
D. Calculation of sand content of single sample
CS=1000ρs Vs /V。
4. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water container is spherical structure or is the cylinder and both ends are the circular cone structure in the middle of the container, and the upper end of overflow water pipe is duckbilled form, stretches into overflow drain pipe and does not contact with overflow drain pipe, and the upper end of immersible pump water-supply line stretches into the water inlet of water container and does not contact with the water inlet.
5. The method for automatically monitoring suspended sediment by a displacement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, and the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base.
6. The utility model provides a device of replacement method automatic monitoring suspended load silt, includes part on water and part under water, characterized by: the underwater part comprises a fish lead and a cable, a submersible pump is mounted on the cable above the fish lead, a water inlet of the submersible pump is parallel to a main line of the fish lead, a water supply pipe of the submersible pump extends out of the water surface and is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the above-water part comprises a water container, the water container is placed on a weighing sensor through a bracket, an overflow water pipe is arranged at the upper end of the water container, the upper end of the overflow water pipe is communicated into an overflow drain pipe, a drain pipe is arranged at the lower end of the water container, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the drain; the same high department of immersible pump installation first temperature sensor, overflow drain pipe department installation second temperature sensor, two solenoid valves, two temperature sensor, immersible pump and weighing sensor all are connected with the controller.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 for automatic monitoring of suspended silt by displacement, wherein: the submersible pump water supply pipe is provided with a shunt pipe, a shunt electromagnetic valve is arranged on the shunt pipe, and the shunt valve is positioned in the front of the electromagnetic valve of the submersible pump water supply pipe.
8. The method for automatically monitoring suspended silt by a displacement method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the water container is spherical structure or is the cylinder and both ends are the circular cone structure in the middle of the container, the upper end of overflow water pipe is the duckbilled form, stretches into overflow drain pipe and not with overflow drain pipe contacts, the upper end of immersible pump water-supply line stretches into the water inlet of water container and not with the water inlet contact.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 for automatic monitoring of suspended silt by displacement, wherein: a protection cylinder is arranged to cover the water container, the overflow drain pipe and the weighing sensor, the lower end of the protection cylinder is fixed on the base, and the submersible pump is a micro submersible pump.
CN201910852623.4A 2019-09-10 2019-09-10 Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load sediment by displacement method Active CN110595931B (en)

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CN116586949A (en) * 2023-04-26 2023-08-15 长江生态环保集团有限公司 Device and method for quick installation and disassembly of municipal drainage pipe network sensors

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