CN112781933A - Filtering type sampler for suspended load silt and sampling method - Google Patents
Filtering type sampler for suspended load silt and sampling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781933A CN112781933A CN202110039890.7A CN202110039890A CN112781933A CN 112781933 A CN112781933 A CN 112781933A CN 202110039890 A CN202110039890 A CN 202110039890A CN 112781933 A CN112781933 A CN 112781933A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a filtration type sampler for suspended load silt and a sampling method, wherein the silt sampler comprises a fish lead, a current meter and a motor speed regulator, a waterproof cabin is arranged in the fish lead, a peristaltic pump is arranged in the waterproof cabin, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the waterproof cabin, one end of the water inlet pipe extends out of the front end of the fish lead, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the peristaltic pump through a peristaltic pump hose, and the tail end of the water outlet pipe is provided with a filter screen type water sample bag; the sampling method based on the sampler is that the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump is adjusted through the motor speed regulator, so that the peristaltic pump can extract a water sample at a proper flow rate. The sampler determines the volume of a water sample through the flow of the peristaltic pump and the sampling time, and the volume of the water sample does not need to be measured; the synchronous collection and filtration of the water sample are realized, and a large-capacity container is not required to be arranged for storing the water sample; the pressure-regulating suspended load sampler has the advantages of belonging to a time-accumulating sediment sampler and reducing the influence of the sand content pulsation on the sand measuring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological instruments, in particular to a filtration type sampler for suspended load sediment and a sampling method.
Background
The suspended load silt is silt which moves in a suspended manner in water flow and is the main part of the sand transportation amount of the river. The hydrological department needs to monitor hydrological information of the river throughout the year, wherein suspended sediment tests are one of important contents of hydrological monitoring. Suspended load sediment test instruments can be divided into two categories, namely a sediment sampler requiring subsequent water sample treatment and a sand tester directly measuring the sand content. The sand measuring instruments comprise a photoelectric sand measuring instrument, an isotope sand measuring instrument, a vibrating tube sand measuring instrument, an ultrasonic sand measuring instrument and the like, which belong to high and new technical instruments, but have the defects of narrow measurable concentration range, low measurement precision and the like, and are still in a test state. The international test method for suspended load silt mainly uses the traditional methods of sampling by a silt sampler, filtering, drying and weighing analysis. Most of suspended load sediment sampling devices commonly adopted by hydrological station networks in China are bottle type samplers and horizontal type samplers, and pressure-regulating sediment samplers are mainly used in the United states.
The horizontal sampler collects instantaneous water samples, and the representativeness of the collected water samples is poor; the bottle type sampler has a sudden injection phenomenon, and the inlet flow velocity of the sampler is inconsistent with the natural flow velocity of a water area, so that the water-sand ratio of a water sample in the bottle is easy to deviate from the actual water-sand ratio, and the bottle type sampler is not suitable for being used in deep water; the pressure regulating type sampler is characterized in that an automatic pressure regulating device and a valve control device are additionally arranged on the basis of a bottle type sampler, so that the phenomenon of sudden injection can be avoided, but the sampler has a complex structure and the problem of unstable performance.
When the suspended load silt sampling device is used, a ship is usually firstly rowed to a specified water area, and then a bottle-shaped, barrel-shaped or barrel-shaped sampling container is sunk to a certain water depth position to obtain a certain amount of silt water sample. Because the water sample that suspended load silt sampling needs is more, and a water sample is generally more than 2L, consequently current suspended load silt sample thief mostly all sizes are great. The large-size hollow sampling container is easy to run by water flow in a river and is difficult to sink to a specified position, so that a hundred kilograms of fish lead are generally matched to stabilize the sampling container, and the whole silt sampling instrument is heavy and inconvenient to carry and sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and reliable filtration type sampler for suspended load sediment and a sampling method, which are reasonable in design and can effectively solve the problems.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a filtration type sampler for suspended load silt comprises a fish lead, wherein a traction rope is arranged on the fish lead, a waterproof cabin is arranged in the fish lead, a peristaltic pump is arranged in the waterproof cabin, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the waterproof cabin, one end of the water inlet pipe extends out of the front end of the fish lead, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the peristaltic pump through a peristaltic pump hose;
one end of the water outlet pipe is connected with the peristaltic pump, the other end of the water outlet pipe is provided with a connector pipe, a filter screen type water sample bag is arranged on the connector pipe, and a water sample flows into the filter screen type water sample bag through the water inlet pipe, the peristaltic pump hose and the water outlet pipe;
the peristaltic pump is connected with a motor speed regulator through an electric wire, and the motor speed regulator is connected with a direct-current power supply;
the fish lead is provided with a current meter, the current meter comprises a current sensor and a current measuring and calculating instrument, and the current sensor and the current measuring and calculating instrument are connected through a signal wire.
Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the top of the waterproof cabin, the electric wire penetrates through the through hole, the motor speed regulator is placed above the water surface to regulate the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump, and the motor speed regulator is a direct current motor speed regulator with a digital display meter.
Further, the peristaltic pump is a peristaltic pump provided with a direct current speed reduction motor.
Further, the joint pipe is arranged on the periphery of the water outlet pipe.
Further, filter screen type water sample bag is cylindric pocket, adopts 800 meshes filter screen cloth to make, and the joint pipe is fixed on the waterproof cabin lateral wall, and filter screen type water sample bag passes through the pipe strap block to be fixed on the joint pipe.
Furthermore, the tail of the fish lead is provided with an empennage, the empennage system is composed of four vertically and horizontally crossed blades, the connector pipe and the filter screen type water sample bag are both positioned in the fish lead, the cavity in the fish lead is not sealed, and water flowing out of the filter screen type water sample bag can flow into the water area outside the fish lead.
Furthermore, a support is arranged on the back of the fish lead, and the flow velocity sensor is installed on the fish lead support.
Further, the flow rate sensor is an LS1206B type propeller type sensor.
A sampling method of suspended load silt comprises the following steps:
s1: a measurer gets to the upper part of a sampling point of a measurement water area by taking a boat or standing on a bridge, puts the fish lead to an underwater appointed sampling point position through a hauling rope, and calculates the underwater depth position of the fish lead from the water surface through the putting length of the hauling rope;
s2: measuring the natural flow rate of the water flow at a sampling point by using a flow meter, wherein the time for measuring the flow rate is 90-110s, so as to obtain the time-average flow rate of the water flow;
s3: the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump and the flow rate of the peristaltic pump have a one-to-one correspondence relationship, and further, the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump and the flow rate of water flow in the water inlet pipe also have a one-to-one correspondence relationship; according to the corresponding relation of the peristaltic pump rotational speed and the water flow velocity in the inlet pipe that rate in advance, the peristaltic pump is opened through the motor speed regulator to the sampling personnel, adjusts the rotational speed of peristaltic pump for the water flow velocity equals the natural velocity of flow of sampling point in the inlet pipe, extracts the water sample, and the peristaltic pump flow that this peristaltic pump rotational speed corresponds is Q, and the water sample volume that needs is V, then the sampling duration T is taken as: t is V/Q;
s4: after sampling, closing the peristaltic pump, lifting the sampler main body out of the water surface, disassembling the lower filter screen type water sample bag, drying the water sample in the filter screen type water sample bag, and weighing to obtain the mass M of the sediment;
s5: by peristaltic pump flow Q, sampling duration T and silt quality M, calculate the sand content C of suspended load silt of sampling point position department, the computational formula is: and C is M/Q/T.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sampler has the advantages that the peristaltic pump is utilized to ensure that the pumping flow is constant all the time, the water sampling volume is determined according to the pumping flow and the pumping time, and the water sampling volume is not required to be measured;
2. the sampler disclosed by the invention is used for separating water from sand in the sampling process, most of water and silt with extremely fine particle size in a water sample are filtered out by the filter screen type water sample bag, so that the synchronous collection and filtration of the water sample are realized, all the water samples do not need to be collected, and a large-capacity container is not needed to be arranged for storing the water sample;
3. the sampler has the advantages of the pressure-regulating suspended load sampler, belongs to a time-accumulating sediment sampler, reduces the influence of the fluctuation of the sand content on the sand measurement precision, ensures that the flow velocity of water at an inlet is close to the natural flow velocity of water at a sampling point, and reduces the sand measurement error caused by deviation of the flow velocity of the inlet from the natural flow velocity;
4. the sampler of the invention has small volume, light weight, convenient carrying, simple structure and convenient use.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a filtration formula sample thief of suspended load silt, as shown in figure 1, the silt sample thief includes fish lead 5, be equipped with the haulage rope on the fish lead 5, be equipped with waterproof cabin 4 in the fish lead 5, be equipped with peristaltic pump 8 in the waterproof cabin 4, peristaltic pump 8 is by the motor, pump head and peristaltic pump hose 7 triplex, be equipped with inlet tube 6 and outlet pipe 9 on the waterproof cabin 4 side wall, 6 one end of inlet tube stretches out from fish lead 5 front end, the other end passes through peristaltic pump hose 7 and is connected with peristaltic pump 8, the one end and the peristaltic pump 8 of outlet pipe 9 are connected, the other end is equipped with joint pipe 10, joint pipe 10 sets up the periphery at outlet pipe 9, be equipped with filter screen type water sample bag 11 on joint pipe 10, the water sample passes through inlet tube 6, peristaltic pump hose 7, outlet pipe.
A partition plate for limiting the peristaltic pump 8 to move is arranged in the waterproof cabin 4, a through hole is formed in the top of the waterproof cabin 4, the peristaltic pump 8 is connected with a motor speed regulator 12 through an electric wire 2, the electric wire 2 penetrates through the through hole, and then the through hole is subjected to waterproof sealing treatment through sealant. The motor speed regulator 12 is placed above the water surface to regulate the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump 8, the motor speed regulator 12 is a direct current motor speed regulator with a digital display meter, and the motor speed regulator 12 is connected with a 24V direct current power supply. The peristaltic pump 8 is a peristaltic pump provided with a direct-current speed reduction motor, the maximum flow of the peristaltic pump 8 reaches 4000ml/min, and the inner diameter of the water inlet pipe 6 is 6mm, so that the maximum flow velocity in the water inlet pipe 6 reaches 2.3m/s and exceeds the flow velocity of most rivers; if the flow rate of the peristaltic pump 8 is too small, the flow rate in the water inlet pipe 6 cannot be equal to the natural flow rate of the sampling point.
The filter screen type water sample bag 11 is made of 800-mesh (the aperture is about 0.02mm) stainless steel filter screen cloth and is a cylindrical bag, the joint pipe 10 is a steel pipe, the waterproof cabin 4 is made of stainless steel materials, the joint pipe 10 is welded on the side wall of the waterproof cabin 4, and the filter screen type water sample bag 11 is sleeved on the joint pipe 10 and is clamped tightly by a pipe clamp.
The tail part of the fish lead 5 is provided with a tail wing 14, the tail wing 14 is composed of four blades which are vertically and horizontally crossed, the connector pipe 10 and the filter screen type water sample bag 11 are both positioned in the fish lead 5, the inner cavity of the fish lead 5 is not sealed, and water flow flowing out of the filter screen type water sample bag 11 can flow into the water area outside the fish lead 5.
Be equipped with the current meter on the fish lead 5, the current meter includes flow sensor 3 and velocity of flow calculation appearance 1, and flow sensor 3 chooses for use LS1206B type propeller type sensor, and flow sensor 3 and velocity of flow calculation appearance 1 adopt the signal line to connect, and the 5 backs of fish lead are equipped with the support, and flow sensor 3 installs on 5 supports of fish lead.
A sampling method of suspended load silt comprises the following steps:
s1: the measurer gets to the upper side of the sampling point of the measurement water area by taking a boat or standing on a bridge, the fish lead 5 is lowered to the position of the underwater appointed sampling point through the hauling rope 13, and the underwater depth position of the fish lead 5 from the water surface is calculated through the lowering length of the hauling rope 13.
S2: and measuring the flow velocity by using a flow velocity meter, reading the natural flow velocity of the water flow at a sampling point by using a handheld flow velocity measuring and calculating instrument 1, and measuring the speed for 90-110 seconds to obtain the time-average flow velocity of the water flow.
S3: the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump 8 and the flow of the peristaltic pump 8 have a one-to-one corresponding relationship, and when the area of the cross section of the water inlet pipe 6 is unchanged, the flow of the water and the average flow velocity of the cross section also have a one-to-one corresponding relationship, so that the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump 8 and the flow velocity in the water inlet pipe 6 are in one-to-one correspondence; according to the 8 rotational speeds of peristaltic pump and the inlet tube 6 interior rivers velocity of flow's of rating in advance corresponding relation in advance, the sampling personnel pass through motor speed regulator 12 and open peristaltic pump 8, adjust 8 rotational speeds of wriggling for the rivers velocity of flow equals the natural velocity of flow of sampling point in the inlet tube 6, the extraction water sample, the 8 flows of peristaltic pump that the hypothesis this 8 rotational speeds of peristaltic pump correspond are Q, the water sample volume of needs is V, then the sampling duration T takes as: and T is V/Q.
S4: after the sampling is completed, the peristaltic pump 8 is closed, the sampler main body is lifted out of the water surface, the filter screen type water sample bag 11 is disassembled, and the water sample in the filter screen type water sample bag 11 is dried and weighed to obtain the sediment mass M.
S5: by 8 flow Q of peristaltic pump, sampling duration T and silt quality M, calculate the sand content C of suspended load silt of sampling point position department, the computational formula is: and C is M/Q/T.
The invention is similar to the pressure-regulating silt sampler in function, and can ensure that the inlet flow rate of the sampler is consistent with the natural flow rate during sampling, but the invention is characterized in that the water sample is filtered while sampling. In the traditional method, all water samples are taken out of the water surface, and then are filtered by using filter paper, wherein the filter paper is generally quantitative filter paper with the aperture of 20-25 mu m, and the aperture of the filter paper is approximately equivalent to that of the filter screen type water sample bag 11.
The part of silt filtered out by the filter screen type water sample bag 11 is flushing silt, does not participate in the bed building effect, and is small in occupied mass proportion, so that the part of silt can be generally not considered; on the other hand, if the suspended load sand content is measured by considering the part of sediment, because the washout load sand content is uniformly distributed along the vertical line of the depth direction of water, containers such as a bucket and the like can be adopted to take a water sample near the water surface of the vertical line where the sampling point is located, the water sample is filtered by using a mesh cloth with the same aperture as the filter screen type water sample bag 11, the washout load sand content in the filtered water body is measured by using a conventional drying method, and the washout load sand content can be considered to be equal to the washout load sand content at the sampling point position.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A filtration type sampler for suspended load silt comprises a fish lead (5), wherein a hauling rope (13) is arranged on the fish lead (5), and is characterized in that a waterproof cabin (4) is arranged in the fish lead (5), a peristaltic pump (8) is arranged in the waterproof cabin (4), a water inlet pipe (6) and a water outlet pipe (9) are arranged on the waterproof cabin (4), one end of the water inlet pipe (6) extends out of the front end of the fish lead (5), and the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the peristaltic pump (8) through a peristaltic pump hose (7);
one end of the water outlet pipe (9) is connected with the peristaltic pump (8), the other end of the water outlet pipe is provided with a joint pipe (10), a filter screen type water sample bag (11) is arranged on the joint pipe (10), and a water sample flows into the filter screen type water sample bag (11) through the water inlet pipe (6), the peristaltic pump hose (7) and the water outlet pipe (9);
the peristaltic pump (8) is connected with a motor speed regulator (12) through an electric wire (2);
be equipped with the current meter on fish lead (5), the current meter includes velocity of flow sensor (3) and velocity of flow calculation appearance (1), and velocity of flow sensor (3) and velocity of flow calculation appearance (1) adopt the signal line to connect.
2. The filtration type sampler for suspended sediment of claim 1, wherein the top of the waterproof compartment (4) is provided with a through hole, the electric wire (2) passes through the through hole, the motor speed regulator (12) is placed above the water surface to regulate the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump (8), and the motor speed regulator (12) is a direct current motor speed regulator with a digital display meter.
3. The filtration sampler of suspended silt according to claim 1, wherein said peristaltic pump (8) is a peristaltic pump equipped with a dc gear motor.
4. The filter sampler of suspended load silt according to claim 1, wherein said adapter tube (10) is arranged at the periphery of the outlet pipe (9).
5. The filtration type sampler for suspended load sediment according to claim 1, wherein the filter screen type water sampling bag (11) is a cylindrical bag made of 800-mesh filter screen cloth, the joint pipe (10) is fixed on the side wall of the waterproof cabin (4), and the filter screen type water sampling bag (11) is fixed on the joint pipe (10) through pipe clamp clamping.
6. The sampler of claim 1, characterized in that the flow sensor (3) is of the type LS 1206B.
7. The filtration sampler of suspended load silt according to claim 1, wherein the tail part of the fish lead (5) is provided with a tail wing (14), the tail wing (14) is composed of four blades which are vertically crossed, and the connector pipe (10) and the filter screen type water sample bag (11) are both positioned in the fish lead (5), the inner cavity of the fish lead (5) is not sealed, and the water flow flowing out of the filter screen type water sample bag (11) can flow into the water area outside the fish lead (5).
8. The filtration sampler of suspended load silt according to claim 1, wherein a support is provided on the back of said fish lead (5), and the flow velocity sensor (3) is mounted on the support of the fish lead (5).
9. The sampling method for sampling sediment by the sediment sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: a measurer gets to the upper part of a sampling point of a measurement water area by taking a boat or standing on a bridge, the fish lead (5) is lowered to the position of an underwater appointed sampling point through a hauling rope (13), and the underwater depth position of the fish lead (5) from the water surface is calculated through the lowering length of the hauling rope (13);
s2: measuring the natural flow rate of the water flow at a sampling point by using a flow meter, wherein the time for measuring the flow rate is 90-110s, so as to obtain the time-average flow rate of the water flow;
s3: the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump (8) and the flow of the peristaltic pump (8) have a one-to-one correspondence relationship, and further, the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump (8) and the flow rate of water flow in the water inlet pipe (6) are also in one-to-one correspondence; according to the corresponding relation of the velocity of water flow in peristaltic pump (8) rotational speed and inlet tube (6) that rate in advance, the sampling personnel pass through motor speed regulator (12) and start peristaltic pump (8), adjust the rotational speed of peristaltic pump (8), make the velocity of water flow equal to the natural velocity of flow of sampling point in inlet tube (6), the extraction water sample, peristaltic pump (8) flow that this peristaltic pump (8) rotational speed corresponds is Q, the water sample volume of needs is V, then the sampling duration T takes as: t is V/Q;
s4: after sampling, closing the peristaltic pump (8), lifting the sampler main body out of the water surface, detaching the lower filter screen type water sample bag (11), drying a water sample in the filter screen type water sample bag (11), and weighing to obtain the mass M of the sediment;
s5: by peristaltic pump (8) flow Q, sampling duration T and silt quality M, calculate the sand content C of suspended load silt of sampling point position department, the computational formula is: and C is M/Q/T.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114935544A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device for measuring sediment content by continuously weighing mass of fixed-volume fluid |
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| CN110595931A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-20 | 赵如月 | Method and device for automatically monitoring suspended load silt by displacement method |
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| CN111610065A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-01 | 长江水利委员会水文局长江上游水文水资源勘测局 | Water-gas separate-control double-bin pressure-regulating time-accumulating type suspended load sampler |
| CN111693335A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | System for micro-plastic grading collection and water parameter synchronous monitoring in water body |
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