CN109030109A - A kind of suspended load sampler and sampling method for flume test - Google Patents
A kind of suspended load sampler and sampling method for flume test Download PDFInfo
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- CN109030109A CN109030109A CN201811132227.6A CN201811132227A CN109030109A CN 109030109 A CN109030109 A CN 109030109A CN 201811132227 A CN201811132227 A CN 201811132227A CN 109030109 A CN109030109 A CN 109030109A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprodione Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)NC(C)C)CC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suspended load samplers and sampling method for flume test, belong to suspended load sampling technique field.The device includes: elevating mechanism, sampling mechanism and the controller communicated to connect respectively with elevating mechanism and sampling mechanism；Elevating mechanism includes driving motor, screw-threaded shaft elevator and connecting plate, and the power output shaft of driving motor is connect with screw-threaded shaft elevator, and the bottom end of elevating lever is connect with connecting plate；Sampling mechanism includes that probe tube, connection hose, water pump and frequency converter, probe tube are fixed on connecting plate, and the water outlet of probe tube is mounted on connection hose with hose connection, water pump is connect, and frequency converter and water pump communicate to connect；Controller is communicated to connect with driving motor and frequency converter respectively.The present invention can make the flow velocity into sampler equal with the sampling flow velocity on periphery, avoid due to entering inside sampler sampling deviation caused by flow velocity and periphery flow velocity are inconsistent, to improve precision and reliability that suspended load samples.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to suspended load sampling technique fields, and in particular to a kind of suspended load sampler for flume test
And sampling method.
Background technique
A variety of method for automatic measurement, including photoelectric method, ultrasonic wave are had been developed to the measurement of suspended load silt content at present
Method, laser method etc., but most direct, most accurate, most reliable method be still to silt carrying flow sample, then to institute's water sampling into
Row filtering weighing, institute's water sampling obtain silt content with the method that specific gravity bottle is weighed.
Relative to prototype measurement, in silt flume test and model test, it is often necessary to suspended sediment is sampled,
Existing sampling method is to protrude into water flow using probe tube, rubber or plastic flexible pipe are connected probe tube, using siphon or is drawn water
Method takes out silt carrying flow, is analyzed to obtain silt content to taken arsenicbearing gold ores sample.Concrete mode is to generally use L-type to take
Sample pipe, bottom face water (flow) direction, top connect hose, then water flow are sucked out, and usual sink height is greater than ground level, therefore
Sediment load sampling silt carrying flow can be sucked out by way of siphon.
However, flow of the conventional method when water flow is sucked out is generally difficult to control, fast speed is such as sucked out, probe tube
Speed is greater than the movement velocity of its periphery water flow field, it is likely that sucks the sand grain in other regions, measurement is caused to tie
Fruit is bigger than normal；When suction speed is slower, the flow velocity in probe tube is less than local flow rate of water flow, it is likely that cannot flow through all
The sand grain in tubule region sucks tubule, and sampling silt content is caused to be less than taken silt content.Therefore, only when in probe tube
When flow velocity is exactly equal to periphery flow field, it is smaller just to can guarantee that sampling stream field influences, does not influence the sampling of silt content.And tradition takes
Quadrat method is difficult accurately to control the flow velocity in sucking probe tube by siphon.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of suspended load samplers and sampling method for flume test, with solution
Certainly existing sampling method silt carrying flow flow is difficult to control, causes the problem of measurement inaccuracy.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that
A kind of suspended load sampler for flume test, comprising: elevating mechanism, sampling mechanism and respectively with lifting
The controller of mechanism and sampling mechanism communication connection；
Elevating mechanism includes driving motor, screw-threaded shaft elevator and connecting plate, the power output shaft and lead screw liter of driving motor
The connection of drop machine, to drive the elevating lever of screw-threaded shaft elevator to move up and down, the bottom end of elevating lever is connect with connecting plate；
Sampling mechanism includes that probe tube, connection hose, water pump and frequency converter, probe tube are fixed on connecting plate, probe tube
Water outlet with connect hose connection, water pump be mounted on connection hose on, the signal output end of frequency converter and the signal of water pump are defeated
Enter end connection；
The signal output end of controller is connect with the signal input part of driving motor and frequency converter respectively, the controller control
The driving motor is made to adjust the position of probe tube, the controller sends frequency signal to the frequency converter to control water pump
Flow.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned probe tube is stainless steel tube or copper pipe.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned water pump is and the pipeline pump that connect hose and match.
A kind of suspended load sampling method for flume test, is sampled using above-mentioned suspended load sampler,
Comprising the following specific steps
(1) before sampling, the revolving speed of frequency data control water pump is sent to frequency converter by controller and determines correspondence
Different frequency and corresponding flow are carried out data fitting by the flow for entering water pump under revolving speed, and acquisition frequency and flow quantify
Corresponding relationship；
(2) driving motor that elevating mechanism is controlled by controller will be sampled using the elevating lever connecting with driving motor
Pipe is delivered to the sample position specified in sink, determines the practical stream of sample position at a distance from sink bottom according to sample position
Speed determines the flow for entering probe tube according to actual flow velocity；
(3) flow that the corresponding relationship of the frequency and flow obtained according to step (1) and step (2) obtain determines water pump
Required frequency controls pump rotary speed by the frequency data that controller is sent to frequency converter, so that under that action of the water pump
Flow rate of water flow into probe tube is equal with the actual flow velocity that step (2) obtains.
The present invention calculates the flow rate of water flow at its position away from bed bottom distance using probe tube, then according to the flow velocity to entrance
The flow of probe tube is controlled, so that the flow velocity into flow rate of water flow and its periphery flow field in probe tube is consistent, from
And disturbance of the device intervention to water flow is down-sampled, to obtain more acurrate, more reliable suspended load sampling sand-like.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the quantitative corresponding relationship of frequency and flow are as follows:
Q=anxn+an-1xn-1+……+a1x+a0,
In formula, q is pump capacity, and x is frequency converter frequency, a0、a1、……anFor fitting parameter, pass through frequency converter frequency number
It is determined according to being fitted with measured discharge data；
Wherein, pump capacity q is determined by the volume v of outflow water in unit time t, i.e. q=v/t.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step (2), sample position is calculated according to formula (I)
Actual flow velocity U:
In formula: u*: drag velocity, y: sampling tube hub line is away from bed bottom distance, and ν: the flow dynamic coefficient of viscosity, g: gravity adds
Speed, H: the depth of water, J: water surface slope；
The flow q entered in probe tube is calculated according to formula (II):
In formula: U: the actual flow velocity of sample position, a:, probe tube cross-sectional area, d: sampling pipe diameter.The present invention have with
It is lower the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention enters the flow of probe tube by controller control, makes the flow velocity into sampler and the stream on sampling periphery
Speed it is equal, avoid due to enter sampler inside flow velocity and periphery flow velocity it is inconsistent caused by sampling deviation, to improve
The precision and reliability of suspended load sampling.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the suspended load sampler of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the working principle block diagram of the suspended load sampler of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 100- suspended load sampler；101- driving motor；102- elevating lever；103- connecting plate；104- sampling
Pipe；105- connection hose；106- water pump；107- frequency converter；108- controller；109- screw-threaded shaft elevator.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, the suspended load sampler 100 for flume test of the present embodiment, comprising: elevating mechanism takes
Model machine structure and the controller 108 communicated to connect respectively with elevating mechanism and sampling mechanism.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, elevating mechanism includes driving motor 101, screw lift 109 and connecting plate 103.Lead screw lifting
The shaft (not shown) and driving motor 101 of machine 109 export axis connection.When driving motor 101, which rotates, drives shaft rotation, silk
The elevating lever 102 (also referred to as lead screw) of thick stick elevator 109 moves up and down.The bottom end of elevating lever 102 and connecting plate 103 connect
It connects, to move up and down together under the effect of driving motor 101, adjusts the position of probe tube 104 on connecting plate 103.Driving electricity
Machine 101 drives elevator, rises or falls elevating lever 102 in the sink, will be fixed on the connecting plate of 102 bottom end of elevating lever
103 are transported to corresponding sample position, are sampled so that probe tube 104 is transported to corresponding position.The biography of elevating mechanism
Flowing mode can also can also be driven using the kind of drive of gear, rack gear by the way of electric pushrod.The present invention is real
Apply example elevating mechanism can using in the prior art other the transmission mechanism of elevating function may be implemented.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, sampling mechanism includes probe tube 104, connection hose 105, water pump 106 and frequency converter 107.Probe tube
104 are fixed on connecting plate 103, and the water outlet of probe tube 104 is connected with hose 105 is connect, and water pump 106 is mounted on connection hose
On 105, frequency converter 107 and water pump 106 are communicated to connect.Preferably, probe tube 104 is stainless steel tube or copper pipe.Preferably, water pump
106 for the pipeline pump that connect hose 105 and match.The outlet end for connecting hose 105 is sampling outlet.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, the signal output end of controller 108 is inputted with the signal of driving motor 101 and frequency converter 107 respectively
End connection, controller 108 control driving motor 101 to adjust the position of probe tube 104, and controller 108 is sent to frequency converter 107
Frequency signal is to control the flow of water pump 106.The controller 108 of the present embodiment is preferably computer, is also possible to other controls
Device, such as single-chip microcontroller can be model STM32F103 series monolithic.
It is illustrated below with reference to work process of the Fig. 2 to suspended load sampler 100 of the present invention.
Before suspended load sampler 100 is sampled work, 106 revolving speed of water pump and 106 flow of water pump need to be determined
Corresponding relationship, since 106 revolving speed of water pump is controlled by frequency converter 107, hence, it can be determined that between 106 flow of frequency and water pump
Relationship.Detailed process is as follows:
Different frequency data are sent to frequency converter 107 by controller 108, control water pump 106 obtains revolving speed, then root
The flow for entering water pump 106 under corresponding revolving speed is determined according to different rotating speeds.Pass through controller 108 again for stream corresponding under different frequency
Amount carries out data fitting, obtains the quantitative corresponding relationship of frequency and flow.In specific embodiment, only it need to determine that frequency can be obtained
Corresponding flow, conversely, flow determination can be obtained corresponding frequency.
After determining the corresponding relationship of 106 flow of water pump and frequency, entire sampling work is completed by following procedure:
It being rotated as shown in Fig. 2, controller 108 controls driving motor 101, driving motor 101 drives elevating lever 102 to move,
The probe tube 104 for being connected to 102 bottom of elevating lever is transported to specified sample position.According to the location of probe tube 104
Test parameters known to height and flume test is (for example, drag velocity, the flow dynamic coefficient of viscosity, acceleration of gravity, water surface slope
Degree etc.) calculate the flow velocity (actual flow velocity in sink) of water flow under the height and position.It is calculated by calculated current meter
Under the flow velocity, into the theoretical water flow of probe tube 104.According to the corresponding relationship of good flow and frequency determined above, control
Device 108 obtains corresponding frequency under theoretical water flow, and controller 108 controls frequency converter 107 according to the frequency values and adjusts water pump 106
Section obtains the water flow into probe tube 104 to obtain the flow rate of water flow into probe tube 104 to the revolving speed under respective frequencies
Amount completes sampling process.
Since the flow rate of water flow is obtained by actual flow velocity determination, thus it is guaranteed that into the water in probe tube 104
Stream flow velocity is equal with actual flow velocity, avoids and samples due to entering inside sampler caused by flow velocity and periphery flow velocity are inconsistent
Deviation, to improve the precision and reliability of suspended load sampling.
The suspended load sampling method for flume test of the present embodiment, using above-mentioned suspended load sampler 100 into
Row sampling comprising step in detail below:
(1) before sampling, frequency data is sent to frequency converter 107 by controller 108 and control the revolving speed of water pump 106 simultaneously
It determines the flow for entering water pump 106 under corresponding revolving speed, flow corresponding under different frequency is carried out by Linear Quasi by controller 108
It closes, obtains the corresponding relationship of frequency and flow；
(2) it is run by the driving motor 101 that controller 108 controls elevating mechanism, utilizes what is connect with driving motor 101
Probe tube 104 is delivered to the sample position specified in sink by elevating lever 102, and sampling position is highly determined according to locating for sample position
The actual flow velocity set determines the flow for entering probe tube 104 according to actual flow velocity；
(4) flow that the corresponding relationship of the frequency and flow obtained according to step (1) and step (3) obtain determines water pump
Frequency needed for 106 sends obtained frequency data to frequency converter 107 by controller 108 and controls 106 revolving speed of water pump, so that
The flow rate of water flow for entering probe tube 104 under the effect of water pump 106 is equal with the actual flow velocity that step (2) obtains.
The present invention calculates the flow rate of water flow at its position using the locating height of probe tube 104, then according to the flow velocity into
The flow for entering probe tube 104 is controlled, so that the flow velocity into flow rate of water flow and its periphery flow field in probe tube 104 is kept
Unanimously, to down-sample disturbance of the device intervention to water flow, to obtain more acurrate, more reliable suspended load sampling sand-like.
In step (1), the quantitative corresponding relationship of frequency and flow are as follows:
Q=anxn+an-1xn-1+……+a1x+a0,
In formula, q is pump capacity, and x is frequency converter frequency, a0、a1、……anFor fitting parameter, pass through frequency converter frequency number
It is determined according to being fitted with measured discharge data；
Wherein, pump capacity q is determined by the volume v of outflow water in unit time t, i.e. q=v/t.
In step (2), the actual flow velocity U of sample position is calculated according to formula (I):
In formula: u*: drag velocity, y: sampling tube hub line is away from bed bottom distance, and ν: the flow dynamic coefficient of viscosity, g: gravity adds
Speed, H: the depth of water, J: water surface slope；
The flow q entered in probe tube 104 is calculated according to formula (II):
In formula: U: the actual flow velocity of sample position, d: sampling pipe diameter.
It should be noted that calculating certain height using hydraulically smooth surface logarithm velocity distribution formula when the present invention calculates flow velocity
The flow velocity at place；When boundary condition changes, other substitution formula can be used and calculate.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of suspended load sampler for flume test characterized by comprising elevating mechanism, sampling mechanism and
The controller communicated to connect respectively with the elevating mechanism and the sampling mechanism；
The elevating mechanism includes driving motor, screw-threaded shaft elevator and connecting plate, the power output shaft of the driving motor and institute
State screw-threaded shaft elevator connection, to drive the elevating lever of the screw-threaded shaft elevator to move up and down, the bottom end of the elevating lever with it is described
Connecting plate connection；
The sampling mechanism includes that probe tube, connection hose, water pump and frequency converter, the probe tube are fixed on the connecting plate
On, the water outlet of the probe tube and the connection hose connect, and the water pump is mounted on the connection hose, the frequency conversion
The signal output end of device is connect with the signal input part of the water pump；
The signal output end of the controller is connect with the signal input part of the driving motor and the frequency converter respectively, described
Controller controls the driving motor to adjust the position of probe tube, the controller to the frequency converter send frequency signal with
Control pump capacity.
2. the suspended load sampler according to claim 1 for flume test, which is characterized in that the probe tube is
Stainless steel tube or copper pipe.
3. the suspended load sampler according to claim 1 for flume test, which is characterized in that the water pump be with
The pipeline pump that the connection hose matches.
4. a kind of suspended load sampling method for flume test, which is characterized in that described in any item using claim 1-3
Suspended load sampler is sampled comprising step in detail below:
(1) before sampling, the revolving speed of frequency data control water pump is sent to frequency converter by controller and determines corresponding revolving speed
Different frequency is carried out data fitting with corresponding flow by the lower flow into water pump, and acquisition frequency is quantitative corresponding with flow
Relationship；
(2) driving motor that elevating mechanism is controlled by controller will be sampled using the elevating lever connecting with the driving motor
Pipe is delivered to the sample position specified in sink, determines the practical stream of sample position at a distance from sink bottom according to sample position
Speed determines the flow for entering probe tube according to the actual flow velocity；
(3) needed for the flow that the corresponding relationship of the frequency and flow obtained according to step (1) and step (2) obtain determines water pump
Frequency, the frequency data sent to frequency converter by controller control pump rotary speed, so that entering under that action of the water pump
The flow rate of water flow of probe tube is equal with the actual flow velocity that step (2) obtains.
5. the suspended load sampling method according to claim 4 for flume test, which is characterized in that in step (1), frequency
The quantitative corresponding relationship of rate and flow are as follows:
Q=anxn+an-1xn-1+……+a1x+a0,
In formula, q is pump capacity, and x is frequency converter frequency, a0、a1、……anFor fitting parameter, by frequency converter frequency data and
The fitting of measured discharge data determines；
Wherein, pump capacity q is determined by the volume v of outflow water in unit time t, i.e. q=v/t.
6. the suspended load sampling method according to claim 4 for flume test, which is characterized in that in step (2), press
The actual flow velocity U of sample position is calculated according to formula (I):
In formula: u*: drag velocity, y: sampling tube hub line is away from bed bottom distance, ν: the flow dynamic coefficient of viscosity, g: acceleration of gravity,
H: the depth of water, J: water surface slope；
The flow q entered in probe tube is calculated according to formula (II):
In formula: U: the actual flow velocity of sample position, d: sampling pipe diameter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811132227.6A CN109030109A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of suspended load sampler and sampling method for flume test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811132227.6A CN109030109A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of suspended load sampler and sampling method for flume test |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112781933A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Filtering type sampler for suspended load silt and sampling method |
| CN117825109A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 辽宁嘉泽建设工程有限公司 | Water sampling device for comprehensive treatment of river channel |
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| CN117825109A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 辽宁嘉泽建设工程有限公司 | Water sampling device for comprehensive treatment of river channel |
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