CN110593198A - Anti-scouring protection system for hydro-fluctuation belt and construction method - Google Patents
Anti-scouring protection system for hydro-fluctuation belt and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-scouring protection system for a hydro-fluctuation belt and a construction method, belongs to the field of anti-scouring protection of river and lake hydro-fluctuation belts, and can be used for anti-scouring protection of the hydro-fluctuation belt, effectively avoids the existing hardened water conservancy slope design, is beneficial to growth and multiplication of microbial communities, and has good anti-scouring and protection effects. This falling zone scour prevention protection system includes domatic, submerges wet side slope protection component on side slope protection component and the water level under water, submerge wet side slope protection component on side slope protection component, the water level under water and set up respectively on domatic. In this application, based on the improvement of structure, can effectively solve the problem that the river lake is to the side slope and erodees, and submerge the side slope protection subassembly wherein under water and can resist very high water load, even can realize the afforestation at the difficult high water pressure that grows of vegetation. Meanwhile, the construction process can be effectively simplified, the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the application prospect is good because cement solidification and other operations are not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management engineering, in particular to the field of scour prevention and protection of a river and lake falling zone, and specifically relates to a scour prevention and protection system of a falling zone and a construction method.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation belt is a dry-wet alternate zone formed by periodically submerging land in land-water connection zones due to seasonal fluctuation of water bodies such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes and the like. As a first ecological barrier area between a water body and a land bank, the ecological system health of the hydro-fluctuation belt is directly related to the water quality safety, ecological safety and regional economic sustainable development of a reservoir area.
In traditional water conservancy side slope protection, mainly consider engineering structure's security and durability to the revetment of river course and lake, slope protection engineering. Therefore, the corresponding protective embankment is constructed by adopting hardened materials such as masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete in a treatment mode.
The hardened water conservancy side slope blocks the communication between river water and underground water, and can lead soil under the hardened side slope to be alkalized, so that the soil loses nutrients, the growth and reproduction environment of microbial communities is lost, and the self-purification capacity of the river channel is reduced, so that the biological communities are reduced or disappear.
Slope greening is a new ecological slope protection mode capable of effectively protecting bare slopes, and is combined with traditional civil engineering slope protection (reinforced anchor supports, hanging nets, lattices and the like), so that ecological vegetation recovery and protection of the slopes can be effectively realized. The main purpose of slope protection is to realize the function of keeping water and soil and improve the environment and landscape. The side slope can be divided into a soil slope and a rock slope according to the stratum lithology, and can be divided into a permanent side slope and a temporary side slope according to the service life.
Therefore, the application provides a novel protection system and a construction method for applying slope greening to the protection process of the hydro-fluctuation belt so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-scouring protection system for a hydro-fluctuation belt and a construction method, which can be used for anti-scouring protection of the hydro-fluctuation belt, effectively avoid the existing hardened water conservancy slope design, are beneficial to the growth and the multiplication of microbial communities and have better anti-scouring and protection effects.
Further, another object of the present application is to provide a construction method of the aforementioned protection system. The method is convenient to construct, simple to operate, capable of realizing large-scale application and good in application prospect.
An erosion-resistant protection system for a hydro-fluctuation belt comprises a slope surface, an underwater submerged slope protection component and a water level upward wet slope protection component, wherein the underwater submerged slope protection component and the water level upward wet slope protection component are respectively arranged on the slope surface;
the underwater submerged slope protection component comprises a flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer arranged above a normal water level and a filling type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer arranged below the normal water level, wherein the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer and the filling type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer are respectively arranged on the slope surface;
the slope surface is a stone side slope, and the water level upper wet side slope protection component comprises a matrix improvement compound layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention compound layer, which are arranged on the stone side slope;
or the slope surface is a soil slope, and the water level upper wet slope protection component comprises a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, two layers of covering soil layers and an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer, wherein the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the two layers of covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention composite layer are arranged on the soil slope.
If the slope is steep, the 3D soil fixation mesh cushion layer is a reinforced 3D soil fixation mesh cushion; and if the slope is gentle slope, the 3D soil fixation net cushion layer is a standard 3D soil fixation net cushion.
Plant seeds are respectively arranged in the matrix improvement compound layer, the first soil covering layer, the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the second soil covering layer and the anti-erosion water retention compound layer;
or plant seeds are respectively arranged in the 3D soil fixation mesh cushion layer, the two covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention compound layer.
The soil adopted by the first and second covering soil layers is viscous ploughing and planting soil, and the covering thickness of the soil is 3-6 cm.
The plowing and planting soil is used for sowing plant seeds in the covering process.
The spraying quality of one or both of the matrix modified composite layer and the anti-corrosion water retention composite layer is not less than 400g per square meter.
A construction method of a falling belt anti-scouring protection system comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning slope
S1, removing sundries on the surface of the side slope, and trimming the slope surface to be a design slope;
(2) protection of wet side slope on water level
S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad
After S1, laying a 3D soil fixation net pad on the surface of the slope, wherein the 3D soil fixation net pad is fixedly connected with the slope through a pin;
s5, secondary earthing
After the 3D soil fixation net cushion is laid, covering a soil layer on the surface of the 3D soil fixation net cushion to form a secondary soil covering layer, and ensuring that soil completely covers the soil fixation net cushion;
s6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound
After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, laying an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer on the surface of the covering soil layers;
(3) submerged slope protection
S7 laying flat-bottom type 3D soil-fixing net pad
After S1, paving a flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad above the normal water level, wherein the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad is fixedly connected with the slope surface through a pin;
s8 laying of filling type 3D soil-fixing net pad
And after S7 is finished, laying a filling type 3D soil fixation net pad below the normal water level, and fixedly connecting the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad with the slope surface through a pin.
In the step S8, the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad is pressed on the flat bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad;
in the step S7, the upstream flat-bottom 3D soil fixation mat is pressed on the downstream flat-bottom 3D soil fixation mat;
in step S8, the upstream filled 3D soil fixation mat is pressed against the downstream filled 3D soil fixation mat.
In the steps S7 and S8, the lapping width is 200-300 mm, the lapping position is fixed by steel nails, and the distance between the steel nails is 10-15 cm.
In the step S5, plant seeds are sown in a soil layer;
in step S6, plant seeds are mixed in the anti-erosion water-retaining compound, and the anti-erosion water-retaining compound layer is laid in a hydraulic spray-seeding manner.
In the step S4, the 3D soil fixation mesh pad is divided into a plurality of pieces, which are laid from the upper end of the side slope to the lower end of the side slope, two adjacent upper and lower soil fixation mesh pads are partially overlapped, and the soil fixation mesh pad below presses the upper soil fixation mesh pad.
In the step S4, when the slope inclination is 0-45 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts an open-pore three-dimensional mesh pad made of polyamide fiber monofilaments; when the slope inclination is 45-80 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts a reinforced water and soil protection blanket formed by integrating a high-toughness polyester soil grid in hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilaments.
Also comprises the following steps:
s2 laying of matrix-modified composite
Uniformly spraying the matrix improved compound mixed with the plant seeds on the slope surface through high-pressure spraying equipment to form a matrix improved compound layer;
s3, covering a layer of soil
Covering a layer of soil on the slope surface sprayed with the matrix improvement compound layer to form a covering soil layer, wherein the soil layer completely covers the soil improvement agent layer;
and on the basis of one covering soil layer, laying the 3D soil fixing net cushion in the step S4.
In the step S2, plant seeds are mixed in the matrix improvement compound, and the matrix improvement compound layer is laid by a hydraulic spray seeding method;
in the step S3, plant seeds are sown in the soil layer.
The applicant finds that the key to solving the slope vegetation restoration is to improve the holding capacity and provide the growth elements required by vegetation through various engineering measures: nutrient, water, air. Further, the inventor provides an anti-scouring protection system for a falling belt and a construction method. In this application, the falling zone protection mainly relates to two parts on water and under water. The underwater submerged slope and the water level upper wet slope are divided into two parts according to different water level changes and different water body flow rates.
For the water level upper wet slope part, in the application, water can be provided through natural rainfall, or supplemented (maintained or irrigated system) through a manual mode, and can be selected and adjusted according to the rainwater environment of a project site; air: in most cases, supplement is not needed, and part of hard and compact soil body needs to be loosened; nutrition: under the condition of poor or lack of a soil layer, the soil condition is improved through engineering measures in the scheme, the soil layer is reconstructed, and the adhesion, the scour resistance and the structural stability of the soil are enhanced; in addition, the plants are selected to be suitable for local growth as much as possible, so that foreign seeds are avoided; before greening the side slope, the integral stability of the side slope needs to be ensured; if the side slope is unstable, greening can be carried out after the side slope disaster reduction and reinforcement treatment is carried out.
In the upper wet water slope part, the land side slope protection soil stabilization layer slope fixing technology is divided into a stone side slope and a soil side slope according to different side slope matrixes. Aiming at a soil side slope, the water level upper moisture side slope protection component comprises a matrix improvement compound layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention compound layer, wherein the matrix improvement compound layer, the first soil covering layer, the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the second soil covering layer and the anti-erosion water retention compound layer are arranged on a stone side slope; aiming at the soil slope, the water level upper wet slope protection component comprises a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, two layers of covering soil layers and an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer, wherein the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the two layers of covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention composite layer are arranged on the soil slope.
To submerging the side slope part under water, submerge side slope protection subassembly in this application includes the solid soil net bed course of flat bottom type 3D, the solid soil net bed course of filling type 3D. The flat bottom type 3D soil fixing net cushion layer is arranged above a normal water level, and the filling type 3D soil fixing net cushion layer is arranged below the normal water level. Meanwhile, the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad is pressed on the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad, the soil fixation net pad at the upstream is pressed on the soil fixation net pad at the downstream, the lapping width is 200-300 mm, the lapping position is fixed by steel nails, and the distance between the steel nails is 10-15 cm. Based on this structure, can submerge the side slope under water and protect, effectively solve the problem that river lake erodees the side slope. Simultaneously, the side slope protection subassembly of submerging under water of this application can resist very high water load, even also can realize the afforestation at the difficult high water pressure that grows of vegetation.
Furthermore, the construction process can be effectively simplified, the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the application prospect is good because cement solidification and other operations are not needed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the net pad materials adopted in the application are all inert polymer materials or pure natural material extracts, have no pollution or damage to the environment, can be used for various slope wading and even water source ground projects, and are environment-friendly;
(2) in the application, the water level upper wet slope protection component has strong erosion resistance, can resist erosion of wind and rain, can resist scouring of smaller catchment runoff on the base material and surface soil, and can further enhance the protection capability by a combined protection layer formed by the plant after growth, thereby effectively reducing the problems of erosion and water and soil loss for a long time;
(3) according to the method, the underwater submerged slope protection component is arranged, so that the communication between river water and underground water can be guaranteed, a good growing and multiplying environment is provided for microbes and plants nearby the underwater submerged slope protection component, and the self-cleaning capability of a river channel is improved; meanwhile, the water-borne vegetation greening system can resist high water load, can realize greening even under high water pressure that vegetation is difficult to grow, and effectively ensures greening effect;
(4) the construction is convenient and fast, the construction efficiency can be effectively accelerated, the requirement on the construction working face is correspondingly reduced, and the construction is simple and fast;
(5) through practical verification, the method has good side slope protection effect and reliable quality, can be used for construction of engineering projects such as sponge city and river and lake side slope protection, and has excellent application prospect.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate-modified composite product.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the product of the erosion preventing water-retaining composite.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a standard 3D soil stabilization mat product.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a product of the reinforced 3D soil stabilization mesh pad.
Fig. 5 is a schematic product diagram of a flat bottom type 3D soil stabilization net pad.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a product of the filling type 3D soil stabilization net pad.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1 rocky slope protection
Protection of wet slope on water level
In this embodiment, the whole construction sequence of the stone side slope is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of slope cleaning, matrix improvement compound laying, first layer soil covering, 3D soil fixing net pad laying (rib type 3D soil fixing net pad (RIF) is applied to a steep slope, standard type 3D soil fixing net pad (STD) is applied to a gentle slope), second layer soil covering, erosion prevention and water retention compound laying, and specific operation is as follows.
S1, cleaning slope
And removing impurities such as broken stones and unstable stones on the surface of the side slope. And the side slope is reinforced, and the integral stability of the side slope is ensured. And then the slope of the side slope is repaired to the designed slope and is smooth and linear, so that the side slope does not have large bulges or depressions.
S2 laying of matrix-modified composite
And uniformly covering the slope with the matrix improved composite in a hydraulic spraying manner to form a matrix improved composite layer. The coverage per square meter must not be less than 400 g. During spraying, the matrix-modified composite is mixed with plant seeds.
S3, covering a layer of soil
After the substrate improvement compound layer is laid, covering 3-6cm of soil, preferably ploughing and planting soil or common clay on the surface of the substrate improvement compound layer to form a covering soil layer. The sandy soil is not selected as much as possible, and the plant seeds are sown in the covering process.
S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad
After one layer of soil covering layer is finished, laying the coiled 3D soil fixing net pad on the soil covering layer from top to bottom, fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad in a slope top and slope toe anchoring ditch mode, and fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad on the slope through U-shaped nails. In this embodiment, the distance between the U-shaped nails is 1m, and if the distance between the U-shaped nails is increased moderately in a fluctuating slope section, the 3D soil fixation net pad is attached to the slope surface without generating a cavity. The 3D soil fixation net pads are overlapped in a mode of overlapping by 10-15cm from top to bottom and are fixed by U-shaped nails.
In this embodiment, according to the difference of slope, select corresponding 3D soil stabilization mat. If the slope is a steep slope, applying a reinforced 3D soil-fixing net pad; and if the slope is gentle slope, applying a standard type 3D soil-fixing net pad.
S5, covering the two layers with soil
After the 3D soil stabilization net pad is laid, covering 3-6cm of soil, preferably ploughed planting soil or common clay on the surface of the 3D soil stabilization net pad to form a two-layer soil covering layer. The sandy soil is not selected as much as possible, and the plant seeds are sown in the covering process.
S6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound
After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, the erosion-proof water-retention compound is uniformly covered on the slope surface through equipment in a hydraulic spray seeding mode. The coverage per square meter must not be less than 400 g. Mixing the plant seeds during spraying and sowing.
In this example, the matrix-modified composite is a commercially available product, as shown in fig. 1, and is a soil-modifying medium, which is purchased from the university of sichuan, science and technology group, ltd, and is composed of wood fibers, various biological and natural minerals, polysaccharide biopolymers, and endophytes. The anti-corrosion water retention compound is purchased from Sichuan Lianggu science and technology group, Inc., and is a vegetation promotion and protection medium as shown in FIG. 2, and the main part of the compound comprises various delicate fibers, high molecular polymers, water retention groups, microporous particles, growth promoters and the like.
A standard 3D soil stabilization mesh pad is shown in fig. 3, which is an open-celled three-dimensional mesh pad made of polyamide fiber (nylon 6) monofilament with a porosity of over 95%, as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
In this embodiment, the reinforced 3D soil-fixation net pad is a commercially available product, purchased from the mitaka beauty science and technology group ltd, and as shown in fig. 4, a high-toughness polyester geogrid is integrated into a hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilament to form a uniform and high-performance reinforced water and soil protection blanket (HP-TRM), and the parameters thereof are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
| Mechanical properties of material | Standard of merit | Numerical value | Allowable difference value |
| Three-dimensional polymer material | FZ/T 01057.8-2012 | Polyamide 6(PA6) | / |
| Density of polymer | (ASTM D792)g/m3 | 1.13 | ≥ |
| Unit gram weight | (EN ISO 9864)g/㎡ | 600 | ≥ |
| Thickness of | (GB/T 18744-2002)mm | 16 | ±1.5 |
| Tensile Strength-transverse (CMD) | (EN ISO 10319)KN/m | 35 | ±5％ |
| Tensile Strength-Machine Direction (MD) | (EN ISO 10319)KN/m | 45 | +/-0.4 |
| Elongation at Break-Cross Direction (CMD) | (EN ISO 10319)KN/m | 15 | ≥ |
| Elongation at Break-Machine Direction (MD) | (EN ISO 10319)KN/m | 15 | ≥ |
| Peeling strength-horizontal (CMD) | (GB/T 2791-1995)KN/m | 0.8 | ≥ |
| Peeling high Strength-Machine Direction (MD) | (GB/T2791-1995)KN/m | 0.5 | ≥ |
(II) protection of submerged slope
The specific operation is as follows.
The slope cleaning treatment is firstly carried out, and impurities such as broken stones on the surface of the slope and unstable stones are removed. And the side slope is reinforced, and the integral stability of the side slope is ensured. And then the slope of the side slope is repaired to the designed slope and is smooth and linear, so that the side slope does not have large bulges or depressions.
After slope cleaning treatment is completed, a flat-bottom type 3D soil fixing net pad (hereinafter referred to as FTC) is laid above a normal water level, a filling type 3D soil fixing net pad is laid below the normal water level, and the filling type 3D soil fixing net pad is pressed 20cm above the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixing net pad and fixed by steel nails. The upstream soil fixation net pad is pressed on the downstream soil fixation net pad, the lapping width is 200-300 mm, the lapping position is fixed by steel nails, and the distance between the steel nails is 10-15 cm.
In this embodiment, the flat bottom type 3D soil-fixation mesh pad is shown in fig. 5, which is a polyamide pad with an open top and a composite two-dimensional planar fiber layer on the back, and the performance indexes thereof are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3
In this embodiment, the filled 3D soil fixation net pad is formed by pre-filling minerals and bonding them with polyurea, as shown in FIG. 6, and the selected filled 3D soil fixation net pad has a thickness of 22mm and a weight of 22kg/m2The porosity is over 40%.
| Mechanical properties of material | Standard of merit | Numerical value | Allowable difference value |
| Type of Polymer | PA6+ mixture (basalt granules, etc.) | ||
| Type of construction | Pre-filled polyurea bonded gravel mineral 3D filter layer | ||
| Weight (D) | EN IOS 9864 | 22kg/㎡ | +/-3 |
| Thickness of | 22mm | +/-3 | |
| Tensile Strength-transverse (CMD) | EN IOS 10319 | 2.5kN/m | +/-0.4 |
| Tensile Strength-Machine Direction (MD) | EN IOS 10319 | 2.4kN/m | +/-0.4 |
| Water permeability | Square meter with top 100mm and top 30l/s | ||
| Length/width | 20m/4.8m | ||
| Roll length/roll diameter | 5.6m/0.8m | ||
| Gross weight/volume | 2200kg |
In the protection of the wet slope on the water level of the embodiment, slope cleaning treatment is firstly carried out; then, matrix improvement compound laying is carried out, which can realize the self-generation repair of low organic matter, low nutrition level and barren soil, thereby playing the roles of improving the soil structure, building the microbial germination environment of the soil and improving the vegetation germination rate; a covering soil layer is arranged on the soil layer, then 3D soil fixation net cushions are laid on the soil layer, the 3D soil fixation net cushions reduce the water and soil loss of slope protection, the purpose of erosion resistance is achieved, and the maximum fixing is provided for soil and plant roots; and then two layers of soil covering layers are arranged on the artificial lawn, and then the anti-corrosion water-retention composite layer is laid, so that a layer of fiber vegetation blanket which uniformly wraps the seeds can be formed on the surface of the artificial lawn, and the artificial lawn has the functions of improving the growth environment of the seeds, preventing erosion, preserving heat, retaining water, accelerating the growth of plants and strengthening roots, thereby achieving the excellent greening effect of quickly forming the lawn. Simultaneously, all be provided with plant seeds in each layer of this application, plant roots after the plant sprouts, grows can form the secondary protection of a system to realize the effective combination of afforestation and soil and water conservation.
And because the protection demand of falling area underwater portion that disappears, this application has adopted the solid native net bed course of flat type 3D and has solidified native net bed course matched with mode with the type of packing 3D. In the structure, a flat-bottom 3D soil fixation net pad is laid above the normal water level, so that the effects of corrosion resistance and water and soil loss prevention and control can be achieved, and comprehensive and integral protection is provided; and the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad has higher porosity, and the water permeability and the plant growth performance of the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad are kept very good. Through the cooperation of the two, can resist very high water load, even can realize the afforestation at the difficult high water pressure that grows of vegetation still.
Example 2 soil slope protection
The slope protection of this embodiment divide into wet slope protection in the water level, submerge slope protection two parts under water.
Wherein, the operation of the wet slope protection on the water level is as follows.
In this embodiment, the side slope is a soil side slope, and the soil side slope construction sequence is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of slope clearing, 3D soil fixation mesh mat laying (rib type (RIF) is applied to a steep slope, Standard Type (STD) is applied to a gentle slope), two layers of soil covering, erosion prevention and water retention compound laying, and the concrete operation is as follows.
S1, cleaning slope
And removing impurities such as broken stones and unstable stones on the surface of the side slope. And the side slope is reinforced, and the integral stability of the side slope is ensured. And then the slope of the side slope is repaired to the designed slope and is smooth and linear, so that the side slope does not have large bulges or depressions.
S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad
After one layer of soil covering layer is finished, laying the coiled 3D soil fixing net pad on the soil covering layer from top to bottom, fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad in a slope top and slope toe anchoring ditch mode, and fixing the 3D soil fixing net pad on the slope through U-shaped nails. In this embodiment, the distance between the U-shaped nails is 1m, and if the distance between the U-shaped nails is increased moderately in a fluctuating slope section, the 3D soil fixation net pad is attached to the slope surface without generating a cavity. The 3D soil fixation net pads are overlapped in a mode of overlapping by 10-15cm from top to bottom and are fixed by U-shaped nails.
In this embodiment, according to the difference of slope, select corresponding 3D soil stabilization mat. If the slope is a steep slope, applying a reinforced 3D soil-fixing net pad; and if the slope is gentle slope, applying a standard type 3D soil-fixing net pad.
S5, covering the two layers with soil
After the 3D soil stabilization net pad is laid, covering 3-6cm of soil, preferably ploughed planting soil or common clay on the surface of the 3D soil stabilization net pad to form a two-layer soil covering layer. The sandy soil is not selected as much as possible, and the plant seeds are sown in the covering process.
S6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound
After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, the erosion-proof water-retention compound is uniformly covered on the slope surface through equipment in a hydraulic spray seeding mode. The coverage per square meter must not be less than 400 g. Mixing the plant seeds during spraying and sowing.
In this embodiment, the underwater submerged slope protection is as shown in embodiment 1.
The test result shows that: the protective body prepared by the application has good overall stability, can resist hydraulic scouring borne by a bank slope, plays a role in protecting a hydro-fluctuation belt, effectively prevents water and soil loss, and has a good protective effect on the bank slope of a river channel and the like; meanwhile, vegetation submerged in the slope protection part under water grows well and covers completely, has the functions of greening the environment, purifying the air, fixing the soil and moisturizing, and is favorable for improving the self-cleaning capacity of the river channel; the wet side slope protection part on the water level has strong wind and rain erosion resistance, can resist the scouring of smaller catchment runoff on the base material and the surface soil, and a combined protection layer formed by the plant and the base material after the plant grows can intercept the surface source pollution of the surface runoff, purify the water body and effectively reduce the erosion and water and soil loss problems for a long time; further, based on the improvement of the protection method, the protection and the restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt can be completed within half a year, the ecological restoration efficiency of the hydro-fluctuation belt is greatly improved, and the stability of the protection device can be further enhanced by the growth of plants.
In the application, by arranging the water level upper wet slope protection assembly, soil can be effectively grabbed firmly, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be improved, the absorption and conversion of nutrients can be promoted more quickly, nutrient components can be provided for the growth of plants, a suitable environment can be provided for the growth of microorganisms and plants, the germination time of seeds can be effectively shortened, the development and the growth of root systems and the formation of vegetation into lawn can be accelerated, after the upper and lower plants grow well, the rooting system can be effectively twisted with the net-shaped material, and the vegetation layer is not easy to fall off; the experiment shows that: under the same external condition, compared with untreated soil, the application can achieve the promotion effect of 800%; meanwhile, the water-retaining paint has better water-retaining performance, and the anti-corrosion water-retaining composite layer contained in the water-retaining paint can absorb 15 times of water by weight of the water-retaining paint; based on the integral structure design, the water evaporation of the lower soil layer can be reduced, the soil temperature is kept constant, and the superior vegetation growth living environment is kept, so that the excellent vegetation recovery effect is achieved; the matrix improvement compound can effectively improve the soil fertility and the adhesion of new soil and an original base layer; through determination, the growth survival rate of the vegetation in the application is eight times of that of bare soil.
The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction and outstanding effect, can be used for improving the landscape of the hydro-fluctuation belt, keeping water and soil and preventing the collapse of the side slope, and has important ecological significance and social significance for improving the water area environment.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. An erosion-resistant protection system for a hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising a slope surface, an underwater submerged slope protection component and a water level upward wet slope protection component, wherein the underwater submerged slope protection component and the water level upward wet slope protection component are respectively arranged on the slope surface;
the underwater submerged slope protection component comprises a flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer arranged above a normal water level and a filling type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer arranged below the normal water level, wherein the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer and the filling type 3D soil fixation net cushion layer are respectively arranged on the slope surface;
the slope surface is a stone side slope, and the water level upper wet side slope protection component comprises a matrix improvement compound layer, a first soil covering layer, a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, a second soil covering layer and an anti-erosion water retention compound layer, which are arranged on the stone side slope;
or the slope surface is a soil slope, and the water level upper wet slope protection component comprises a 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, two layers of covering soil layers and an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer, wherein the 3D soil fixing net cushion layer, the two layers of covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention composite layer are arranged on the soil slope.
2. The protective system according to claim 1, wherein plant seeds are respectively arranged in the matrix-modified composite layer, the first soil-covering layer, the 3D soil-fixing net cushion layer, the second soil-covering layer and the anti-erosion water-retention composite layer;
or plant seeds are respectively arranged in the 3D soil fixation mesh cushion layer, the two covering soil layers and the anti-erosion water-retention compound layer.
3. A construction method of a falling belt anti-scour protection system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning slope
S1, removing sundries on the surface of the side slope, and trimming the slope surface to be a design slope;
(2) protection of wet side slope on water level
S4 laying 3D soil-fixing net pad
After S1, laying a 3D soil fixation net pad on the surface of the slope, wherein the 3D soil fixation net pad is fixedly connected with the slope through a pin;
s5, secondary earthing
After the 3D soil fixation net cushion is laid, covering a soil layer on the surface of the 3D soil fixation net cushion to form a secondary soil covering layer, and ensuring that soil completely covers the soil fixation net cushion;
s6 laying of anti-corrosion water-retention compound
After the two layers of covering soil layers are finished, laying an anti-erosion water-retention composite layer on the surface of the covering soil layers;
(3) submerged slope protection
S7 laying flat-bottom type 3D soil-fixing net pad
After S1, paving a flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad above the normal water level, wherein the flat-bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad is fixedly connected with the slope surface through a pin;
s8 laying of filling type 3D soil-fixing net pad
And after S7 is finished, laying a filling type 3D soil fixation net pad below the normal water level, and fixedly connecting the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad with the slope surface through a pin.
4. The construction method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S8, the filling type 3D soil fixation net pad is pressed on the flat bottom type 3D soil fixation net pad;
in the step S7, the upstream flat-bottom 3D soil fixation mat is pressed on the downstream flat-bottom 3D soil fixation mat;
in step S8, the upstream filled 3D soil fixation mat is pressed against the downstream filled 3D soil fixation mat.
5. The construction method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in the steps S7 and S8, the width of the lap joint is 200 ~ 300mm, the lap joint is fixed by steel nails, and the distance between the steel nails is 10-15 cm.
6. The construction method according to any one of claims 3 ~ 5, wherein in step S5, plant seeds are sown in the soil layer;
in step S6, plant seeds are mixed in the anti-erosion water-retaining compound, and the anti-erosion water-retaining compound layer is laid in a hydraulic spray-seeding manner.
7. The construction method according to claim 3, wherein in step S4, the 3D soil fixation net pad is divided into a plurality of pieces, the pieces are paved from the upper end of the side slope to the lower end of the side slope, the two adjacent upper and lower soil fixation net pads are partially overlapped, and the lower soil fixation net pad presses the upper soil fixation net pad.
8. The construction method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, when the slope inclination is 0-45 °, the soil fixation net pad is an open-pore three-dimensional net pad made of polyamide fiber monofilament; when the slope inclination is 45-80 degrees, the soil fixation mesh pad adopts a reinforced water and soil protection blanket formed by integrating a high-toughness polyester soil grid in hot-melted and entangled three-dimensional nylon monofilaments.
9. The construction method according to any one of claims 3 ~ 8, further comprising the steps of:
s2 laying of matrix-modified composite
Uniformly spraying the matrix improved compound mixed with the plant seeds on the slope surface through high-pressure spraying equipment to form a matrix improved compound layer;
s3, covering a layer of soil
Covering a layer of soil on the slope surface sprayed with the matrix improvement compound layer to form a covering soil layer, wherein the soil layer completely covers the soil improvement agent layer;
and on the basis of one covering soil layer, laying the 3D soil fixing net cushion in the step S4.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step S2, the plant seeds are mixed in the matrix-modified composite, and the layer of the matrix-modified composite is laid by hydraulic spraying;
in the step S3, plant seeds are sown in the soil layer.
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