CN110592331A - Heat treatment production method for cast steel wear-resistant part - Google Patents
Heat treatment production method for cast steel wear-resistant part Download PDFInfo
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- CN110592331A CN110592331A CN201910868691.XA CN201910868691A CN110592331A CN 110592331 A CN110592331 A CN 110592331A CN 201910868691 A CN201910868691 A CN 201910868691A CN 110592331 A CN110592331 A CN 110592331A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment production method of a cast steel wear-resistant part, which comprises the following steps: placing the steel piece in an electric heating furnace, heating to 737-plus 746 ℃, then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace, heating the steel piece to 740-plus 950 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-3 hours, then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into the electric heating furnace for cooling, placing the steel piece in a carburizing medium, heating to 880-plus 930 ℃, preserving the heat, enabling the surface of the steel piece to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth, introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, and reducing the temperature to 500-plus 600 ℃; aiming at the wear-resistant part of cast steel, a heat treatment method for enhancing the surface hardness of the steel part is adopted, the normalizing time is prolonged in the heat treatment process, and the carburizing and nitriding process treatment is carried out in the normalizing process, so that the hardness of the surface of the workpiece can be increased in the whole heat treatment process, meanwhile, the inside of the workpiece has enough toughness, the workpiece is not easy to break, and the service life of the workpiece is longer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment processes, and particularly relates to a heat treatment production method of a cast steel wear-resistant part.
Background
The heat treatment of metal is one of the important processes in mechanical manufacture, compared with other processing processes, the heat treatment does not change the shape and the whole chemical composition of a workpiece generally, but endows or improves the service performance of the workpiece by changing the microstructure in the workpiece or changing the chemical composition on the surface of the workpiece, and is characterized by improving the internal quality of the workpiece, which can not be seen by naked eyes generally, the heat treatment means that the chemical composition and the structure on the surface or in the material are changed by heating, heat preservation and cooling means in a solid state of a metal material to obtain the metal heat processing process with required performance, the heat treatment process is necessary except for reasonably selecting the material and various forming processes to ensure that the metal workpiece has the required mechanical property, physical property and chemical property, and steel is the material which is most widely applied in the mechanical industry, the microstructure of steel is complex and can be controlled by heat treatment, so the heat treatment of steel is the main content of metal heat treatment.
In the conventional heat treatment process of a workpiece, the surface hardening of the workpiece is generally a quenching process, but after quenching, although the surface hardness of the workpiece is increased, the toughness of the whole workpiece is deteriorated, the property is more brittle, the service life of the whole workpiece is shortened, and the stability of the workpiece is not high during the use.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems set forth in the background art described above. The invention provides a heat treatment production method of a cast steel wear-resistant part, which has the characteristics of more wear-resistant surface, toughness in the interior and high reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear-resistant part comprises the following steps:
s1, annealing: placing the steel piece in an electric heating furnace, heating to 737-E746 ℃, and then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace;
s2, normalizing: heating the steel piece to 740-950 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into the electric heating furnace for cooling;
s3, carburizing: putting the steel piece into a carburizing medium, heating to 880-930 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth on the steel piece surface;
s4, nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, reducing the temperature to 500-600 ℃, and using active nitrogen atoms decomposed by the ammonia gas at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to saturate the surface of the steel piece with nitrogen to form a nitride layer;
s5, quenching: heating the steel part to the phase transition temperature of 680-820 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2 hours, and then rapidly cooling in a water-soluble quenching agent;
s6, tempering: and reheating the quenched steel part to the temperature of 550-660 ℃, preserving the heat for 7-16 hours, and taking out the steel part along with the furnace and cooling the steel part in the air.
Preferably, the electric heating furnace is a trolley type resistance furnace.
Preferably, the water-soluble quenching agent consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of polyether, 2-8 parts of pine oil, 8-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of sodium chloride, 3-6 parts of a foaming agent, 3-7 parts of an antioxidant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the steel part is carbon steel and alloy steel with carbon content more than 0.15% -0.25%.
Preferably, the depth of the carburized layer in the S3 is 0.5-2.5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, aiming at the wear-resistant part of cast steel, a heat treatment method for enhancing the surface hardness of the steel part is adopted, and the hardness of the surface of the workpiece can be increased in the whole heat treatment process by prolonging the normalizing time and carrying out carburizing and nitriding process treatment in the normalizing process, so that the inside of the workpiece has enough toughness, the workpiece is not easy to break or has dark damage, and the service life of the workpiece is longer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear-resistant part comprises the following steps:
s1, annealing: placing the steel piece in an electric heating furnace, heating to 737 ℃, and then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace; the method is used for reducing the hardness of the steel piece, improving the plasticity of the steel piece, improving the cutting processing and pressure processing performances, refining the crystal grains in the steel piece and improving the mechanical property, is prepared for the next procedure and eliminates the internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s2, normalizing: heating the steel piece to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into the electric heating furnace for cooling, reducing hardness, improving plasticity, improving cutting processing and pressure processing performance, refining crystal grains, improving mechanical property, preparing for the next procedure, and eliminating internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s3, carburizing: putting the steel piece into a carburizing medium, heating to 880 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth on the surface of the steel piece; the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel part are improved, and the core part still keeps a toughness state;
s4, nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, reducing the temperature to 500 ℃, and using active nitrogen atoms decomposed by ammonia gas at 500 ℃ to saturate the surface of the steel piece with nitrogen to form a nitrided layer; the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved;
s5, quenching: heating the steel part to the phase transition temperature of 680 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and then rapidly cooling the steel part in a water-soluble quenching agent so as to obtain a high-hardness martensite structure to improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance;
s6, tempering: the quenched steel piece is reheated to 550 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours, then the steel piece is taken out along with the furnace and cooled in the air, internal stress after quenching is reduced or eliminated, deformation and cracking of the workpiece are reduced, hardness is adjusted, plasticity and toughness are improved, mechanical properties required by work are obtained, and the size of the workpiece is stabilized.
Specifically, the electric heating furnace is a trolley type resistance furnace, the heating temperature is controlled by electric power, the stability is good, and the control and the maintenance are easy.
Specifically, the water-soluble quenching agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of polyether, 2 parts of pine oil, 8 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of a foaming agent, 3 parts of an antioxidant and the balance of water, so that the quenching agent has the characteristics of large specific heat, large heat conductivity coefficient, small viscosity and difficult volatilization, and can break a steam film formed at the initial stage of quenching, thereby greatly increasing the cooling strength of the quenching agent.
Specifically, the steel part is carbon steel and alloy steel with the carbon content of more than 0.15%, the depth of the carburized layer is 0.5mm, and the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved.
Example 2
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear-resistant part comprises the following steps:
s1, annealing: placing the steel piece into an electric heating furnace, heating to 740 ℃, and then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace; the method is used for reducing the hardness of the steel piece, improving the plasticity of the steel piece, improving the cutting processing and pressure processing performances, refining the crystal grains in the steel piece and improving the mechanical property, is prepared for the next procedure and eliminates the internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s2, normalizing: heating the steel piece to 810 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into the electric heating furnace for cooling, reducing hardness, improving plasticity, improving cutting and pressure processing performances, refining crystal grains, improving mechanical properties, preparing for the next working procedure, and eliminating internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s3, carburizing: putting the steel piece into a carburizing medium, heating to 900 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth on the surface of the steel piece; the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel part are improved, and the core part still keeps a toughness state;
s4, nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, reducing the temperature to 550 ℃, and using active nitrogen atoms decomposed by ammonia gas at 550 ℃ to saturate the surface of the steel piece with nitrogen to form a nitride layer; the hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved;
s5, quenching: heating the steel part to 750 ℃ of phase transition temperature, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, and then rapidly cooling in a water-soluble quenching agent so as to obtain a high-hardness martensite structure to improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance;
s6, tempering: the quenched steel piece is reheated to 600 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 12 hours, then the steel piece is taken out along with the furnace and cooled in the air, internal stress after quenching is reduced or eliminated, deformation and cracking of the workpiece are reduced, hardness is adjusted, plasticity and toughness are improved, mechanical properties required by work are obtained, and the size of the workpiece is stabilized.
Specifically, the electric heating furnace is a trolley type resistance furnace, the heating temperature is controlled by electric power, the stability is good, and the control and the maintenance are easy.
Specifically, the water-soluble quenching agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of polyether, 5 parts of pine oil, 14 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of a foaming agent, 4 parts of an antioxidant and the balance of water, so that the quenching agent has high specific heat and high heat conductivity coefficient, and can break a steam film formed at the initial quenching stage, thereby greatly increasing the cooling strength of the quenching agent.
Specifically, the steel part is carbon steel and alloy steel with the carbon content of more than 0.2%, the depth of the carburized layer is 1.5mm, and the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved.
Example 3
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear-resistant part comprises the following steps:
s1, annealing: placing the steel piece into an electric heating furnace, heating to 746 ℃, and then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace; the method is used for reducing the hardness of the steel piece, improving the plasticity of the steel piece, improving the cutting processing and pressure processing performances, refining the crystal grains in the steel piece and improving the mechanical property, is prepared for the next procedure and eliminates the internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s2, normalizing: heating the steel piece to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into an electric heating furnace for cooling, reducing hardness, improving plasticity, improving cutting processing and pressure processing performance, refining crystal grains, improving mechanical property, preparing for the next procedure, and eliminating internal stress generated by cold and hot processing;
s3, carburizing: putting the steel piece into a carburizing medium, heating to 930 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth on the surface of the steel piece; the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the fatigue strength of the steel part are improved, and the core part still keeps a toughness state;
s4, nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, reducing the temperature to 600 ℃, and using active nitrogen atoms decomposed from ammonia gas at 600 ℃ to saturate the surface of the steel piece with nitrogen to form a nitride layer; the wear resistance, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved;
s5, quenching: heating the steel part to the phase transition temperature of 820 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then rapidly cooling in a water-soluble quenching agent so as to obtain a high-hardness martensite structure and improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance;
s6, tempering: and reheating the quenched steel part to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 16 hours, taking out the steel part along with the furnace, cooling the steel part in the air, reducing or eliminating the internal stress after quenching, reducing the deformation and cracking of the workpiece, adjusting the hardness, improving the plasticity and the toughness, and stabilizing the size of the workpiece.
Specifically, the electric heating furnace is a trolley type resistance furnace, the heating temperature is controlled by electric power, the stability is good, and the control and the maintenance are easy.
Specifically, the water-soluble quenching agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of polyether, 8 parts of pine oil, 20 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of a foaming agent, 7 parts of an antioxidant and the balance of water, so that the quenching agent has the characteristics of large specific heat, small viscosity and difficult volatilization, and can break a steam film formed at the initial quenching stage, thereby greatly increasing the cooling strength of the quenching agent.
Specifically, the steel part is carbon steel and alloy steel with the carbon content of more than 0.25%, the depth of the carburized layer is 2.5mm, and the hardness, the fatigue strength and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel part can be improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A heat treatment production method of a cast steel wear-resistant part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, annealing: placing the steel piece in an electric heating furnace, heating to 737-E746 ℃, and then slowly cooling along with the temperature of the furnace;
s2, normalizing: heating the steel piece to 740-950 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and then introducing cold air with the temperature of room temperature into the electric heating furnace for cooling;
s3, carburizing: putting the steel piece into a carburizing medium, heating to 880-930 ℃, and preserving heat to obtain a carburized layer with certain concentration and depth on the steel piece surface;
s4, nitriding: introducing nitrogen into the electric heating furnace, reducing the temperature to 500-600 ℃, and using active nitrogen atoms decomposed by the ammonia gas at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to saturate the surface of the steel piece with nitrogen to form a nitride layer;
s5, quenching: heating the steel part to the phase transition temperature of 680-820 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2 hours, and then rapidly cooling in a water-soluble quenching agent;
s6, tempering: and reheating the quenched steel part to the temperature of 550-660 ℃, preserving the heat for 7-16 hours, and taking out the steel part along with the furnace and cooling the steel part in the air.
2. A heat treatment production method of cast iron and steel wear-resistant parts is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electric heating furnace is a trolley type resistance furnace.
3. A heat treatment production method of cast iron and steel wear-resistant parts is characterized by comprising the following steps: the water-soluble quenching agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of polyether, 2-8 parts of pine oil, 8-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of sodium chloride, 3-6 parts of a foaming agent, 3-7 parts of an antioxidant and the balance of water.
4. The heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear resistant part according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel part is carbon steel and alloy steel with carbon content more than 0.15% -0.25%.
5. The heat treatment production method of a cast iron and steel wear resistant part according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the carburized layer in the S3 is 0.5-2.5 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111139345A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-12 | 东台市宏凯不锈钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method of steel |
| CN115537715A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 江阴市华夏化工机械有限公司 | Steel material surface modification method for die manufacturing |
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