CN110581324A

CN110581324A - Battery recycling method

Info

Publication number: CN110581324A
Application number: CN201910974522.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钱车华
Original assignee: 钱车华
Current assignee: Hangzhou Zicheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-14
Filing date: 2019-10-14
Publication date: 2019-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-14
Also published as: CN110581324B; CN111969273A

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery recovery method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: concentrate and place, the shelling, well high temperature is smelted, metal separation, refining, the mechanism is disassembled in the shelling includes conveyer belt, first cutting device, turns to the device, second cutting device, the device of shelling, accomplish the cutting to two sides through first cutting device, turn to the device and rotate the battery rethread second cutting device to two other face cuttings, remove battery case through the device of shelling at last, solved an equipment and got rid of the battery case of equidimension not simultaneously, reduce equipment wearing and tearing.

Description

Battery recycling method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a battery recycling method, in particular to a battery shell breaking and disassembling method.

Background

With the increasing environmental protection requirements and the effective recycling of resources, battery recycling is a current urgent issue. The first method is that after the whole battery is coarsely crushed and finely crushed, the mechanical separation is carried out by utilizing gravity, magnetic force and eddy current, the method has the difficulties of long process flow, incomplete separation and the like, and the second method is that after the shell is manually disassembled and broken, the manual separation and classification are carried out, and the waste battery shell cover is manually removed firstly, and then the battery core is poured out.

disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the battery shell which can be cut into different sizes at the same time, and the battery core and the shell can be conveniently separated.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a battery recycling method, comprising the steps of:

a. centralized placement: uniformly placing the recovered waste batteries in a specified area;

b. Shelling: removing the plastic shell of the battery by adopting a shell breaking and disassembling mechanism;

c. Medium-high temperature smelting: recovering valuable metals in the battery by adopting medium-high temperature smelting metallurgy;

d. Metal separation: adding slag former and reducer to obtain molten metal containing Cu, Co, Ni, etc

e. refining: respectively recovering high-purity metal products such as copper, cobalt, nickel and the like through electrolytic refining;

The shell breaking and disassembling mechanism in the step b comprises a conveyor belt, a first cutting device, a steering device, a second cutting device and a shell removing device, wherein the first cutting device comprises a first support, a second support, a third support arranged on the upper portions of the first support and the second support, moving portions respectively arranged on the first support, the second support and the third support, a cutting blade arranged on the moving portions, a motor for driving the cutting blade to rotate, a plurality of fixing columns arranged on the first support and the second support, a rotating column penetrating through the third support, roller sets sleeved on the rotating column and fixing blocks arranged at two ends of the rotating column, slotted holes are formed in the third support and the fixing blocks, the fixing columns on the first support and the second support are arranged in the slotted holes, the conveyor belt is positioned in the middle of the first support and the second support, and the moving portions are symmetrically arranged in pairs on the first support, On the second support and the third support, the battery is transported by the conveyor belt, the roller group contacts the battery shell to drive the moving part on the third support to move, when the battery passes through the moving part, the moving part is adaptive to the width of the battery, and the blade on the moving part cuts the battery shell; the third support is driven to move upwards integrally by the contact of the roller group with the battery shell, the fixed columns on the first support and the second support are arranged in the slot on the third support, so that the third support moves upwards in the vertical direction to finish the self-adjustment of the height, the moving part on the first support and the moving part on the second support are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the conveyor belt, two groups of moving parts are arranged on the third support and are symmetrically arranged right above the moving parts on the first support and the second support, the moving parts are provided with rotating cutting blades to cut the surfaces passing through two sides of the battery conveyor belt simultaneously, the moving parts can automatically adjust the positions according to different widths, the distance between the moving part on the first support and the moving part on the second support is firstly at the minimum distance, and the distance between the moving part on the third support and the moving parts on the first support and the second support is also at the vertical minimum distance, and meanwhile, the two groups of moving parts on the third support are also positioned at the minimum distance, the size of the minimum processing battery is determined, the maximum moving distance of the moving parts and the maximum upward moving distance of the third support determine the size of the maximum battery, and the battery cutting operation with different sizes in a specified range is completed.

The slag former in the step d is silicon oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide and relevant combinations; the mass fraction of the liquid slag at the smelting temperature is ensured to be more than 98% by controlling the concentration of each component in a certain range;

The reducing agent in the step d is one or a combination of more of coke, activated carbon, natural gas and plastics; and obtaining molten metal containing copper, cobalt and nickel and a slag phase containing iron and aluminum by using a reducing agent.

The moving part of the first cutting device in the step b comprises a moving frame, a plurality of springs arranged on the moving frame, a first guide wheel, a second guide wheel and a third guide wheel which are arranged on the moving frame, the cutting blade is arranged on the second guide wheel, the second guide wheel is positioned between the first guide wheel and the third guide wheel, the moving frame penetrates through the first support, the second support and the third support, one end of each spring is fixed on the moving frame, the other end of each spring is fixed on the first support, the second support and the third support, and the guide wheels are in a step shape; the first guide wheel contacts the battery first to enable the moving part to move integrally, the cutting blade on the second guide wheel starts to rotate to cut the passing battery, the first guide wheel, the second guide wheel and the third guide wheel are uniformly distributed on the same horizontal plane, the second guide wheel is positioned between the first guide wheel and the third guide wheel to ensure that the cutting blade cannot be cut on other surfaces when the cutting blade just starts to cut, and finally the third guide wheel is separated from the battery, so that the cutting blade cannot be cut on other surfaces because the moving part returns to the original position when the cutting is finished, the cutting depth is ensured to be consistent, and the cutting of the plastic shell of the battery is finished;

The roller group of the first cutting device in the step b comprises a first supporting plate and a second supporting plate which are right-angled, a first roller and a second roller which rotate and a torsional spring arranged on the first supporting plate are arranged between the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate, the first roller and the second roller are arranged at two ends of the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate, holes are formed in the right-angled positions of the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate, the rotary column penetrates through the holes, the torsional spring is sleeved on the rotary column, one end of the torsional spring is fixed on the first supporting plate, and the other end of the torsional spring is fixed on the rotary column; through the first contact battery of first gyro wheel, make first backup pad and second backup pad rotate, make second gyro wheel contact battery, first gyro wheel and second gyro wheel rotate on the battery surface, reduce wear, first gyro wheel and second gyro wheel contact battery simultaneously make the wheel train wholly move up, first backup pad and second backup pad right angle department are equipped with the hole, the column spinner passes this hole, make the column spinner shift up, the column spinner is located on the third support simultaneously, it wholly moves up to drive the third support, first gyro wheel and second gyro wheel are located on first backup pad and the second backup pad of right angle form, increase the height that the wheel train removed and make the wheel train can move on the battery surface, accomplish the automatically regulated cutting height.

The invention has the following advantages: the battery cutting operation with different sizes in the specified range is completed, and the subsequent shelling operation is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cutting device according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a moving part of the first cutting device according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a roller set mechanism of the first cutting device of the present invention.

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the steering device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a shelling apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the shelling apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

A battery recycling method, comprising the steps of:

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the shell breaking and disassembling mechanism in the step b includes a conveyor belt 1, a first cutting device 2, a steering device 3, a second cutting device 4, and a shelling device 5, wherein the first cutting device 2 includes a first bracket 6 and a second bracket 7, a third bracket 8 disposed on the upper portions of the first bracket 6 and the second bracket 7, a moving portion 9 disposed on the first bracket 6, the second bracket 7, and the third bracket 8, respectively, a cutting blade 10 disposed on the moving portion 9, a motor 11 for driving the cutting blade 10 to rotate, a plurality of fixing posts 24 disposed on the first bracket 6 and the second bracket 7, a rotating post 11 penetrating through the third bracket 8, a roller set 12 sleeved on the rotating post 11, and fixing blocks 13 disposed at two ends of the rotating post 11, the third bracket 8 and the fixing blocks 13 are provided with slots, the fixing posts on the first bracket 6 and the second bracket 7 are disposed in the slots, the conveyor belt 1 is positioned between the first support 6 and the second support 7, the moving parts 9 are symmetrically arranged on the first support 6, the second support 7 and the third support 8 in pairs, the battery is transported by the conveyor belt, the roller group 12 contacts with the battery shell to drive the moving part 9 on the third support 8 to move, when the battery passes through the moving part 9, the moving part 9 is adaptive to the width of the battery, and the blade 10 on the moving part 9 cuts the battery shell to finish the battery cutting operation with different sizes; the moving part 9 includes a moving frame 14, a plurality of springs 18 provided on the moving frame 14, a first guide wheel 15, a second guide wheel 16 and a third guide wheel 17 provided on the moving frame 14, the cutting blade 10 is arranged on a second guide wheel 16, which is located between the first guide wheel 15 and a third guide wheel 17, the moving frame 14 penetrates through the first support 6, the second support 7 and the third support 8, one end of the spring 18 is fixed on the moving frame 14, the other end of the spring is fixed on the first support 6, the second support 7 and the third support 8, the guide wheel is in a step shape, the first guide wheel 15 contacts the battery first, the moving part 9 moves integrally, the cutting blade starts to rotate, cutting the left side surface and the right side surface of the battery passing through and ensuring the cutting depth to be consistent, and finally separating the third guide wheel 17 from the battery to finish cutting the plastic shell of the battery; the roller set 12 comprises a first support plate 19 and a second support plate 20 which are in right angle shape, a first roller 21 and a second roller 22 which rotate are arranged between the first support plate 19 and the second support plate 20, and a torsion spring 23 arranged on the first support plate 19, the first and second rollers 21 and 22 are provided at both ends of the first and second support plates 19 and 20, and a hole is provided at a right angle of the first and second support plates 19 and 20, through which the rotary post 11 passes, the torsion spring 23 is sleeved on the rotating column 11, one end of the torsion spring is fixed on the first supporting plate 19, the other end is fixed on the rotating column 11, the first support plate 19 and the second support plate 20 are rotated by first contacting the battery through the first roller 21, meanwhile, the second roller 22 contacts the battery, the first roller 21 and the second roller 22 simultaneously contact the battery and move upwards, the rotating column 11 moves upwards to drive the third bracket 8 to move upwards integrally, and the self-adjusting height is completed.

The steering device 3 comprises a fourth bracket 25, a rotary hydraulic rod 26 arranged on the fourth bracket 25, a fixing plate 27 arranged on the rotary hydraulic rod 26, a first air cylinder 28 arranged on the fixing plate 27, a second air cylinder 29 arranged on the fixing plate 27, and a push plate 30 arranged on the second air cylinder 29, wherein a plurality of holes are arranged on the fixing plate 27, piston rods of the first air cylinder 28 and the second air cylinder 29 penetrate through the holes on the fixing plate 27, a groove is arranged on the fixing plate 27, the push plate 30 is arranged in the groove of the fixing plate 27, when a battery on the conveyor belt 1 contacts the push plate, the piston rod of the first air cylinder 28 starts to work after extending out, the push plate 30 is pushed to move to clamp the battery, the hydraulic rod 26 rotates 90 degrees, the battery rotates 90 degrees, the first air cylinder and the second air cylinder are closed simultaneously, clamping of the battery is released, and, the hydraulic rod rotates reversely for 90 degrees after the battery is conveyed; the battery is clamped through the first cylinder 28 and the second cylinder 29, the battery is convenient to rotate subsequently, according to the difference of the size of the battery, the first cylinder 28 and the second cylinder 29 are located at the maximum distance of the processed battery, the battery can be located between the first cylinder 28 and the second cylinder 29, the battery is clamped through the push plate, the cutting surface is changed through the rotation of the hydraulic rod 26, the first cylinder 28 and the second cylinder 29 are closed to enable the battery to be separated from the clamping state, and the battery with the changed surface is transported to the second cutting device 4 through the conveyer belt 1.

the second cutting device 4 is identical to the first gas cutting device 2 in structure, cuts the front side and the rear side of the battery after rotation, cuts the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the battery shell through the first cutting device and the second cutting device, and enables the upper side and the lower side of the battery to be separated from the whole shell through the shell removing device.

the shelling device 5 comprises a lifting seat 31 arranged on one side of the conveyor belt, a guide rail 32 arranged on the lifting seat 31, a first driving piece 33 arranged on the guide rail 32, a screw 34 arranged on the first driving piece 33, a clamping frame 35 arranged on the guide rail 32, a second driving piece 36 arranged on the clamping frame 35, a first clamping plate 37 arranged on the second driving piece 36, a third driving piece 38 arranged on the clamping frame 35, a second clamping plate 39 arranged on the third driving piece 38, a fixed seat 40 arranged on the other side of the conveyor belt, a frame 41 arranged on the fixed seat 40, a first blocking knife 42 and a second blocking knife 43 arranged on the frame 41, a fourth driving piece 44 and a fifth driving piece 45 driving the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43 to move, and a pushing column 46 arranged on the frame 41, wherein a plurality of anti-skid pointed tips are arranged on the first clamping plate 37 and the second clamping plate 39, the clamping frame 35 is provided with an internal threaded hole, the screw 34 is positioned in the internal thread hole, the cut battery passes through the shelling device, the first driving part 33 drives the screw 34 to rotate, the first driving part is fixed on the guide rail 32, the screw 34 rotates to enable the clamping frame 35 to move towards the direction of the conveyor belt, the battery is positioned between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, the third driving part 38 drives the second clamping plate to move to clamp the battery tightly, the lifting seat rises, the battery stops rising when rising to the position of the frame 41, the second driving part 36 drives the first clamping plate 37 to rotate 90 degrees, the first driving part continues to drive the screw to rotate, the battery cutting groove is positioned between the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43, the screw stops rotating, the fourth driving part 44 and the fifth driving part 45 drive the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43 to move relatively, the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43 are inserted into the cutting groove, the first driving part 33 drives the screw 34 to rotate reversely, the guide rail is moved towards the lifting seat 31 to separate the shell on the battery from the whole shell, the second driving piece 36 rotates 180 degrees again to enable the lower side of the charged battery to face the frame 41, the first driving piece positively rotates the battery cutting groove to be positioned between the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43, the screw stops rotating, the fourth driving piece 44 and the fifth driving piece 45 drive the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43 to move relatively, the first blocking knife 42 and the second blocking knife 43 are inserted into the cutting groove, the first driving piece 33 drives the screw 34 to reversely rotate, the guide rail moves towards the lifting seat 31 to enable the shell below the battery to be separated from the whole shell, the lifting seat 31 ascends for the second time, when the guide rail ascends to the position of the pushing column 46, the first driving piece positively rotates, the electric core part is pushed out of the shell through the pushing column 46, the first driving piece reversely rotates to enable the battery to move out of the pushing column 46, the lifting seat 31 descends to be positioned at, make first fender sword 42 and second fender sword 43 can the centre gripping battery case, the third driving piece is closed, the centre gripping to the battery is cancelled, back first driving piece drive screw reversal, make first grip block and second grip block displacement to the part that electric core released, the third driving piece starts, carry out the centre gripping to electric core part again, fourth driving piece 44 and fifth driving piece 45 are closed, first driving piece is carrying out the corotation, first fender sword 42 and second fender sword 43 are again to remaining shell centre gripping, first driving piece reversal, make the shell break away from electric core, the lift seat descends to make electric core put on the conveyer belt, the third driving piece is closed, eliminate the centre gripping to electric core, last first driving piece reversal, drive guide rail 32 returns the original position, accomplish and continuously go the shell operation.

Claims

1. a battery recycling method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

wherein the shell breaking and disassembling mechanism in the step b comprises a conveyor belt (1), a first cutting device (2), a steering device (3), a second cutting device (4) and a shell removing device (5), the first cutting device (2) comprises a first bracket (6), a second bracket (7), a third bracket (8) arranged at the upper parts of the first bracket (6) and the second bracket (7), moving parts (9) respectively arranged on the first bracket (6), the second bracket (7) and the third bracket (8), a cutting blade (10) arranged on the moving part (9), a motor (11) driving the cutting blade (10) to rotate, a plurality of fixed columns (24) arranged on the first bracket (6) and the second bracket (7), a rotating column (11) arranged on the third bracket (8) in a penetrating way, a roller set (12) sleeved on the rotating column (11), and fixed blocks (13) arranged at two ends of the rotating column (11), the battery cutting machine is characterized in that slotted holes are formed in a third support (8) and a fixing block (13), fixing columns on the first support (6) and a second support (7) are arranged in the slotted holes, a conveyor belt (1) is located in the middle of the first support (6) and the second support (7), moving parts (9) are arranged on the first support (6), the second support (7) and the third support (8) in a pairwise symmetry mode, batteries are conveyed through the conveyor belt, roller groups (12) contact with a battery shell and drive the moving parts (9) on the third support (8) to move, when passing through the moving parts (9), the moving parts (9) are adaptive to the width of the batteries, and blades (10) on the moving parts (9) cut the battery shell to complete battery cutting operations of different sizes.

2. A battery recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slag former in the step d is silicon oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide and relevant combinations.

3. A battery recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reducing agent in the step d is one or a combination of more of coke, activated carbon, natural gas and plastics.

4. a battery recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the moving part (9) of the first cutting device (2) in the step b comprises a moving frame (14), a plurality of springs (18) arranged on the moving frame (14), a first guide wheel (15), a second guide wheel (16) and a third guide wheel (17) arranged on the moving frame (14), the cutting blade (10) is arranged on the second guide wheel (16), the second guide wheel is positioned between the first guide wheel (15) and the third guide wheel (17), the moving frame (14) penetrates through the first support (6), the second support (7) and the third support (8), one end of the spring (18) is fixed on the moving frame (14), the other end of the spring (18) is fixed on the first support (6), the second support (7) and the third support (8), the guide wheel is in a step shape, the first guide wheel (15) contacts with the battery, and the moving part (9) moves integrally, the cutting blade starts to rotate, the passing batteries are cut, the cutting depth is guaranteed to be consistent, and finally the third guide wheel (17) is separated from the batteries, and the plastic shells of the batteries are cut.

5. A battery recycling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roller group (12) of the first cutting device (2) in the step b comprises a first support plate (19) and a second support plate (20) which are right-angled, a first roller (21) and a second roller (22) which rotate are arranged between the first support plate (19) and the second support plate (20), and a torsion spring (23) arranged on the first support plate (19), the first roller (21) and the second roller (22) are arranged at two ends of the first support plate (19) and the second support plate (20), holes are arranged at the right angle of the first support plate (19) and the second support plate (20), the rotating column (11) penetrates through the holes, the torsion spring (23) is sleeved on the rotating column (11), one end of the torsion spring is fixed on the first support plate (19), the other end of the torsion spring is fixed on the rotating column (11), and the first roller (21) contacts with the battery to enable the first support plate (19) and the second support plate (20) to rotate, meanwhile, the second roller (22) contacts the battery, the first roller (21) and the second roller (22) contact the battery and move upwards at the same time, and the rotating column (11) moves upwards to drive the third support (8) to move upwards integrally, so that the height self-adjustment is completed.