CN110568381A - Magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle in-situ measurement method based on double-beam triaxial vector atomic magnetometer - Google Patents
Magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle in-situ measurement method based on double-beam triaxial vector atomic magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle in-situ measurement method based on the double-beam triaxial vector atomic magnetometer is beneficial to reducing the system error of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer, has important significance and value for developing a new generation of ultrahigh-sensitivity triaxial magnetic field measurement and inertia measurement device, and is used for magnetic field and inertia measurement application in various fields in the future, particularly in aspects of physical basic research, geological exploration, military and national defense, biological medical treatment and the like, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of inputting two beams into an alkali metal gas chamber in the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer measurement device, inputting a first beam in the two beams along the X-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, inputting a second beam in the Z-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, and spin-polarizing the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal gas chamber by the first beam and the second beam in a time-sharing manner, and obtaining non-orthogonal angle information by using the vector response difference of the magnetic fields of the two beams of light sensitive to the same axis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum instruments and measurement, in particular to an in-situ measurement method of a photomagnetic non-orthogonal angle of a triaxial vector atomic magnetometer based on double light beams, which is beneficial to reducing the system error of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer, has important significance and value for developing a new generation of ultrahigh-sensitivity triaxial magnetic field measurement and inertia measurement device, and is particularly suitable for magnetic field and inertia measurement application in various fields in the future, in particular to the aspects of physical basic research, geological exploration, military and national defense, biomedical treatment and the like.
Background
The atomic magnetometer can obviously improve the magnetic field measurement precision and sensitivity, and becomes the magnetometer with the highest magnetic measurement sensitivity (the theoretical sensitivity reaches aT/Hz)1/2Magnitude). Atomic magnetometers can be classified into two broad categories, scalar magnetometers and vector magnetometers, depending on whether the measured magnetic field information contains directional information. The vector magnetometer can measure the space component of the magnetic field and obtain more complete information of the magnetic field at a certain point in the space. The three-axis vector atomic magnetometer can simultaneously provide the three-axis vector direction, the amplitude information and the total scalar magnetic field amplitude value of a magnetic field, is widely applied to the fields of basic physics, metering reference, deep space/deep ground detection, brain core magnetic detection, biological pole weak magnetic measurement and the like, and becomes the development direction of a new generation of magnetometer. However, due to the limitations of production level and installation process, the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer in practical application is not strictly orthogonal, that is, the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer has cross coupling, also called non-orthogonal, which causes a large measurement error in the actual measurement data of the three-axis magnetometer. If in-situ measurement of the non-orthogonal angle is not possible, the non-orthogonal angle cannot be suppressed. Thus, a three-axis vector developsResearch on an in-situ measurement method of the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of the quantum atomic magnetometer is urgent, so that the research on related scientific problems of the ultrahigh-sensitivity vector atomic magnetometer is promoted, and an important foundation is laid for the future production of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ measurement method of a photomagnetic non-orthogonal angle of a triaxial vector atomic magnetometer based on double light beams, which aims at overcoming the defects or shortcomings in the prior art, is beneficial to reducing the system error of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer, has important significance and value in the development of a new generation of ultrahigh-sensitivity triaxial magnetic field measurement and inertia measurement device, and is used for magnetic field and inertia measurement in various fields in the future, particularly in the aspects of physical basic research, geological exploration, military and national defense, biomedical treatment and the like.
the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The in-situ measurement method of the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of the double-beam-based triaxial vector atomic magnetometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of inputting two paths of light beams to an alkali metal gas chamber in a triaxial vector atomic magnetometer measurement device, wherein the first path of light beam in the two paths of light beams is input along the X-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, the second path of light beam is input along the Z-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal gas chamber are subjected to spin polarization by the first path of light beam and the second path of light beam in a time-sharing manner, and non-orthogonal angle information is obtained by utilizing the magnetic field vector response difference of two beams of light sensitive to the same axis.
The first path of light beam is a first path of circularly polarized light beam, the second path of light beam is a second path of circularly polarized light beam, the first path of circularly polarized light beam and the second path of circularly polarized light beam are both from original laser beams emitted by the same laser, and the original laser beams are divided into two paths of initial beams through a first polarization beam splitter prism.
The non-orthogonal angle information comprises a non-orthogonal angle alpha between the first path of circularly polarized light beam and the second path of circularly polarized light beam, or an x-direction magnetic field B generated by a triaxial magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle beta to the magnetic field in the z-directionxzOr three-axis magnetic compensationx-direction magnetic field B generated by coilxNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldxyOr the z-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldyzOr the x-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to first path of circularly polarized light beamxOr the z-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle gamma to second path of circularly polarized light beamzOr any combination of the above non-orthogonal angles.
the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer comprises a laser (1), an original laser beam (2), a first 1/2 wave plate (3), a first polarization splitting prism (4), a first convex lens (5), a second convex lens (6), a reflector (7), a second polarization splitting prism (8), a first 1/4 wave plate (9), a third convex lens (10), a first photoelectric detector (11), a second 1/2 wave plate (12), an optical fiber coupler (13), a single-mode polarization-preserving optical fiber (14), a collimator (15), a collimated light beam (16), a third 1/2 wave plate (17), a third polarization splitting prism (18), a fourth convex lens (19), a fifth convex lens (20), a fourth polarization splitting prism (21), a second 1/4 wave plate (22), a sixth convex lens (23) and a second photoelectric detector (24), the device comprises a phase-locked amplifier (25), a computer (26), a magnetic shielding barrel (27), a three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28), a non-magnetic electric heating oven (29), an alkali metal air chamber (30), a first path of circular polarized light beam (31) and a second path of circular polarized light beam (32).
The three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28), the non-magnetic electric heating oven (29) and the alkali metal air chamber (30) are arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel (27), the magnetic shielding barrel (27) is used for providing a weak magnetic field environment required by the operation of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer for the alkali metal air chamber (30), the three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28) is used for applying three sinusoidal magnetic fields with different frequencies in the x, y and z orthogonal directions to compensate a residual magnetic field in the magnetic shielding barrel (27), the non-magnetic electric heating oven (29) is used for heating the alkali metal air chamber (30), the alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30) are heated from a normal temperature solid state to a gas state, the alkali metal air chamber (30) is filled with alkali metal atoms, buffer gas helium and quenching gas nitrogen, and the alkali metal atoms are one of potassium, rubidium and cesium. The laser (1) emits an original laser beam (2), the original laser beam sequentially passes through a first 1/2 wave plate (3) and a first polarization beam splitter prism (4), the original laser beam is divided into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other by the first polarization beam splitter prism (4), one beam which has the same transmission direction as the original transmission direction passes through a first convex lens (5) and a second convex lens (6) to realize light spot beam expansion, the light beam is reflected to be perpendicular to the original direction after passing through a reflector 7, then the light beam is converted into a first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) through a second polarization beam splitter prism (8) and a first 1/4 wave plate (9), the first path of circularly polarized light beam passes through a magnetic shielding barrel (27) and a non-magnetic electric heating oven (28) to irradiate an alkali metal air chamber (30) for polarizing alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30), and the emergent light of the first path of circularly polarized light beam is converged into a first photoelectric detector, another path of light beam after an original laser beam (2) passes through a polarization beam splitter 4 enters an optical fiber coupler (13) through a second 1/2 wave plate (12), enters an optical fiber collimator (15) through a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber (14), emergent light of the optical fiber collimator (15) is collimated light beam (16), then passes through a third 1/2 wave plate (17) and a third polarization beam splitter (18), then passes through a fourth convex lens (19) and a fifth convex lens (20) to realize light spot beam expansion, then is converted into a second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) through a fourth polarization beam splitter (21) and a second 1/4 wave plate (22), passes through a magnetic shielding barrel (27) and a non-magnetic electric heating oven (28), irradiates an alkali metal air chamber (30) for polarizing alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30), and emergent light of the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is converged into a second photoelectric detector (24) through a sixth convex lens (23) to be converted into a telecommunication detector (24) The first photoelectric detector (11) and the second photoelectric detector (24) detect atomic spin precession signals by using a light absorption principle, output electric signals are connected with a phase-locked amplifier (25) to demodulate the atomic spin precession signals, the phase-locked amplifier (25) is connected with a computer (26), the computer (26) drives the phase-locked amplifier (25), and the signals extracted by the phase-locked amplifier (25) are displayed and stored to realize high-sensitivity measurement of a three-axis vector magnetic field.
The non-orthogonal angle of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer is derived from the non-orthogonal angle between the light beams, namely the non-orthogonality of the spin polarization directions; the non-orthogonal angle between the magnetic fields generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coils, i.e. the non-orthogonality of the three-dimensional magnetic fields; beam and three-axis magnetic compensation coilThe non-orthogonal angle between the directions of the generated magnetic field, i.e. the non-orthogonality of the spin polarization and the three-dimensional magnetic field, is specifically as follows: firstly, a non-orthogonal angle alpha of light beams is a residual angle of an included angle between a first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and a second path of circularly polarized light beam (32); non-orthogonal angle beta between x-direction magnetic field and y-direction magnetic field generated by triaxial magnetic compensation coilxyNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; ③ the non-orthogonal angle beta between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coilyzNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil; non-orthogonal angle beta of x-direction magnetic field and z-direction magnetic field generated by triaxial magnetic compensation coilxzNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; x-direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the first circularly polarized light beam (31)xI.e. the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxThe included angle between the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31); z direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilzA non-orthogonal angle gamma to the second circularly polarized beam (32)zI.e. the z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzAnd the angle with the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32).
When the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer is used for measuring a three-axis magnetic field, the atomic spin direction of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is pumped to the x-axis direction, the sensitive y-axis direction magnetic field and the sensitive z-axis direction magnetic field are obtained, the atomic spin direction of the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is pumped to the z-axis direction, and the sensitive x-axis direction magnetic field and the sensitive y-axis direction magnetic field are obtained, so that a y-axis magnetic field measurement result of four-axis magnetic field1,z1,y2,x2Wherein there is a redundant y-axis direction magnetic field measurement; taking the magnetic field direction of the y axis as a reference, if the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) are non-orthogonal, the responses of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to the y axis magnetic field are different, namely the obtained two y axis magnetic field measurement results are different; if and only if the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is orthogonal to the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32), namely the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beams is zero, the response of the two light beams to the y axis is the same, and the obtained two y-axis directions are magneticThe field measurement results are the same, the response directions of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) to the y axis are consistent with the direction of the y axis magnetic field, and the measurement results and the y axis direction magnetic field ByAt the same time, the y spin polarization direction is consistent with the y-axis magnetic field direction, namely the compensation of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is finished; the ratio of the y-axis direction magnetic field measurement results before and after compensation is the cosine value of the included angle between the light beam and the y-axis magnetic field direction, the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam is the sum of the two included angles, and the expression is as follows:
When the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer is used for triaxial magnetic field measurement, compensation and measurement of a non-orthogonal angle alpha of a light beam are firstly carried out: the measurement results of the magnetic fields of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) in the y-axis direction are adjusted to be the same, so that the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is orthogonal to the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32), namely the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beams is zero, and the y-spin polarization direction is consistent with the y-axis magnetic field direction; after the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are completed, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is controlled to only generate the magnetic field B in the x directionxAnd measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesx,yx,zxI.e. the projection component of the x-direction magnetic field generated by the coil in the x, y, z direction of the measuring axis of the beam;
The y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is consistent with the y-direction of the measuring axis, so that the non-orthogonal angle beta of the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxyThe expression is:
The first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is consistent with the x direction of the measuring axis, thereby obtaining the x direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-positive with the first circularly polarized light beam (31)Angle of intersection gammaxThe expression is:
After the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are completed, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is controlled to only generate a z-direction magnetic field BzAnd measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesz,yz,zzNamely the projection component of the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the coil in the x, y and z directions of the measuring axis of the light beam; the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is consistent with the y-direction of the measuring axis, so that the non-orthogonal angle beta between the z-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedyzThe expression is:
The second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is consistent with the z direction of the measuring axis, thereby obtaining the z direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzA non-orthogonal angle gamma to the second circularly polarized beam (32)zThe expression is:
After the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are finished, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is respectively controlled to only generate the magnetic field B in the x directionxAnd a magnetic field B in the z directionzRespectively measuring the responses of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directions to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directionsx,yx,zx，xz,yz,zzThe non-orthogonal angle beta between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxzThe expression is:
The invention has the following technical effects: the in-situ measurement method of the photomagnetic non-orthogonal angle of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer based on the double beams can realize in-situ measurement of the non-orthogonal angle and is beneficial to reducing the system error of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the method can measure the non-orthogonal angle of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer in practical application, which is generated by the production level and the installation process, thereby helping to restrain the non-orthogonal angle and reducing the measurement error of actual measurement data. In the existing application of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer, a mature method for measuring a non-orthogonal angle is not available temporarily. (2) All the parts required in the measuring process of the method are parts of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer, and the in-situ measurement of the non-orthogonal angle can be realized without additionally adding parts. .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for implementing the in-situ measurement method of the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of the double-beam-based three-axis vector atomic magnetometer.
fig. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle α of the light beam.
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the non-orthogonal angle between the measuring beam and the directional magnetic field generated by the three-axis coil and the non-orthogonal angle between the different directional magnetic fields generated by the three-axis coil after the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle α of the measuring beam are completed.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an in-situ measurement method for the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of a double-beam-based three-axis vector atomic magnetometer. The contents in fig. 3 include: step 1, measuring the magnetic field in the y-axis direction, y1,y2(ii) a Step 2, judging whether y is1＝y2If not, adjusting the measuring device of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer and then returning to the previous step, and if yes, entering step 3; step 3, completing the compensation of the non-orthogonal angle alpha between the beams; step 4, calculating a non-orthogonal angle alpha between beams; step 5, two parts are included, the first part is a magnetic field B in the x direction generated by the control triaxial magnetic compensation coilxThe second part is a z-direction magnetic field B generated by the control triaxial magnetic compensation coilz(ii) a Step 6, continuing the first part in the step 5 to measure the x, y and z-axis direction magnetic field result xx,yx,zxContinuing to the second part in step 5 to measure the magnetic field result x in the x, y and z axis directionsz,yz,zzThen, the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is calculatedxNon-orthogonal angle beta to the magnetic field in the z-directionxz(ii) a Step 7, obtaining the magnetic field result xx,yx,zxthe rear part is divided into two parts, the first part is used for calculating the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldxyThe second part is to calculate the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to first path of circularly polarized light beamx(ii) a After obtaining the magnetic field result xz,yz,zzthe rear part is divided into two parts, the first part is used for calculating a z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldyzThe second part is to calculate the z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle gamma to second path of circularly polarized light beamz。
the reference numbers are listed below: 1-a laser; 2-beam or original laser beam; 3-the first 1/2 wave plate (a half wave plate, which generates additional optical path difference or phase difference is lambda/2); 4-a first polarization beam splitter prism (which divides the original laser beam into two paths, wherein one path forms a first path of circularly polarized light beam 31, and the other path forms a second path of circularly polarized light beam 32); 5-a first convex lens; 6-a second convex lens; 7-a mirror; 8-a second polarization beam splitter prism; 9-the first 1/4 wave plate (quarter wave plate, generating additional optical path difference or phase difference of lambda/4); 10-a third convex lens; 11-a first photodetector; 12-a second 1/2 wave plate; 13-a fiber coupler; 14-single mode polarization maintaining fiber; 15-a collimator; 16-a collimated beam; 17-a third 1/2 wave plate; 18-a third polarization splitting prism; 19-a fourth convex lens; 20-a fifth convex lens; 21-a fourth polarization beam splitter prism; 22-a second 1/4 wave plate; 23-a sixth convex lens; 24-a second photodetector; 25-a phase-locked amplifier; 26-a computer; 27-magnetic shielding barrel; 28-a three-axis magnetic compensation coil; 29-a non-magnetic electric heating oven; 30-an alkali metal gas cell; 31-a first path of circularly polarized light beam; 32-second path of circularly polarized light beam.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings (fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 3).
referring to fig. 1, an in-situ measurement device for a magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of a double-beam-based triaxial vector atomic magnetometer comprises a laser 1, a light beam 2, a 1/2 wave plate 3, a polarization beam splitter prism 4, a convex lens 5, a convex lens 6, a reflector 7, a polarization beam splitter prism 8, a 1/4 wave plate 9, a convex lens 10, a photodetector 11, a 1/2 wave plate 12, an optical fiber coupler 13, a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber 14, a collimator 15, a light beam 16, a 1/2 wave plate 17, a polarization beam splitter prism 18, a convex lens 19, a convex lens 20, a polarization beam splitter prism 21, a 1/4 wave plate 22, a convex lens 23, a photodetector 24, a lock-in amplifier 25, a computer 26, a magnetic shielding barrel 27, a triaxial magnetic compensation coil 28, a nonmagnetic electrically heated oven 29, an alkali metal air chamber 30 and a signal generator 31. The three-axis magnetic compensation coil 28, the non-magnetic electric heating oven 29 and the alkali metal air chamber 30 are arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel 27, the magnetic shielding barrel 27 is used for providing a weak magnetic field environment required by the operation of the three-axis vector atom magnetometer for the alkali metal air chamber 30, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil 28 is used for applying three sinusoidal magnetic fields with different frequencies in the x, y and z orthogonal directions respectively to compensate the residual magnetic field in the magnetic shielding barrel 27, the non-magnetic electric heating oven 29 is used for heating the alkali metal air chamber 30, and the alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber 30 are heated to a gas state from a normal temperature solid state. The alkali metal gas chamber 30 is filled with alkali metal atoms, buffer gas helium and quenching gas nitrogen, wherein the alkali metal atoms are one of potassium, rubidium and cesium. The laser 1 emits a light beam 2 which sequentially passes through the 1/2 wave plate 3 and the polarization beam splitter prism 4 and is divided into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other by the polarization beam splitter prism 4, one beam which has the same transmission direction as the original transmission direction realizes light spot beam expansion through the convex lens 5 and the convex lens 6, the light path is reflected to be perpendicular to the original direction through the reflector 7, the light beam is converted into a circularly polarized light beam 31 through the polarization beam splitter prism 8 and the 1/4 wave plate 9, and the circularly polarized light beam passes through the magnetic shielding barrel 27 and the non-magnetic electric heating oven 28 to irradiate the alkali metal air chamber 30 and is used for polarizing alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber 30. The outgoing light is converged into a photodetector 11 by a convex lens 10 and converted into an electric signal. The other light beam after the light beam 2 passes through the polarization beam splitter 4 enters the optical fiber coupler 13 through the 1/2 wave plate 12, enters the collimator 15 through the single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber 14, the emergent light of the optical fiber collimator 15 is a light beam 16, then passes through the 1/2 wave plate 17 and the polarization beam splitter 18, then passes through the convex lens 19 and the convex lens 20 to realize light spot beam expansion, then is converted into a circularly polarized light beam 32 through the polarization beam splitter 21 and the 1/4 wave plate 22, passes through the magnetic shielding barrel 27 and the nonmagnetic electric heating oven 28, irradiates the alkali metal air chamber 30, and is used for polarizing alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber 30. The outgoing light is converged into the photodetector 24 through the convex lens 23 and converted into an electric signal. The photodetector 11 and the photodetector 24 detect the atomic spin precession signal by the light absorption principle, and the output electrical signal is connected to the lock-in amplifier 25, thereby demodulating the atomic spin precession signal. The lock-in amplifier 25 is connected with the computer 26, the computer 26 drives the lock-in amplifier 25 to display and store the signal extracted by the lock-in amplifier 25, and high-sensitivity measurement of the three-axis vector magnetic field is realized. The device utilizes two orthogonal circularly polarized light beams 31 and 32 to spin polarize alkali metal atoms in an alkali metal gas chamber 30 in a time-sharing manner, and utilizes a transverse modulation method to carry out magnetic field vector decoupling on output results of the two light beams. Both beams of light are sensitive to the magnetic field vector of the same axis, and the response difference reflects the non-orthogonal angle information.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-orthogonal angle according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of compensation and measurement of a non-orthogonal angle α of a light beam; FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the non-orthogonal angle between the measuring beam and the directional magnetic field generated by the three-axis coil and the non-orthogonal angle between the different directional magnetic fields generated by the three-axis coil after the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle α of the measuring beam are completed. Referring to fig. 2A and 2B, the non-orthogonal angles of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer are specifically: firstly, a non-orthogonal angle alpha of a light beam is a complementary angle of an included angle between a light beam 31 and a light beam 32; non-orthogonal angle beta between x-direction magnetic field and y-direction magnetic field generated by triaxial magnetic compensation coilxynamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; ③ the non-orthogonal angle beta between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coilyzI.e. the angle between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilResidual angles; non-orthogonal angle beta of x-direction magnetic field and z-direction magnetic field generated by triaxial magnetic compensation coilxzNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; x-direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the light beam 31xI.e. the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxIncluded angle with light beam 31, z-direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the light beam 32zI.e. the z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzThe angle with respect to the beam 32.
Referring to fig. 3, a specific method for measuring the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of a dual-beam-based three-axis vector atomic magnetometer includes the following steps:
(1) Ensuring normal operation of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer, pumping the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction by the light beams 31 and 32 respectively, enabling the atoms in the alkali metal gas chamber to be subjected to spin polarization, and obtaining two y-axis direction magnetic field measurement results y1,y2. When the two magnetic field measurement results are inconsistent, it indicates that the light beams 31 and 32 are non-orthogonal, and at this time, the measurement device is adjusted to make the two y-axis magnetic field measurement results identical, which indicates that the compensation of the non-orthogonal angle α of the light beams 31 and 32 is completed. The ratio of the y-axis direction magnetic field measurement results before and after compensation is the cosine value of the included angle between the light beam and the y-axis direction magnetic field, and the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam is the sum of the two included angles.
(2) After the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are completed, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil 28 is controlled to only generate the magnetic field B in the x directionxAnd measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesx,yx,zx. The y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil 28 is aligned with the y-direction of the measurement axis, thereby obtaining the non-orthogonal angle beta between the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxy(ii) a The light beam 31 is aligned with the x-direction of the measuring axis, and the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the light beam 31x。
(3) Similarly, after the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are completed, the three axes are controlledMagnetic compensation coil only generating z-direction magnetic field Bzand measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesz,yz,zz. The y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is consistent with the y-direction of the measuring axis, so that the non-orthogonal angle beta between the z-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedyz(ii) a The light beam 32 is aligned with the z-direction of the measuring axis, and the z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedzNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the light beam 32z。
(4) After the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are finished, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is respectively controlled to only generate the magnetic field B in the x directionxAnd a magnetic field B in the z directionzRespectively measuring the responses of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directions to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directionsx,yx,zx，xz,yz,zzThe non-orthogonal angle beta between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxz。
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (10)
1. the in-situ measurement method of the magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of the double-beam-based triaxial vector atomic magnetometer is characterized by comprising the following steps of inputting two paths of light beams to an alkali metal gas chamber in a triaxial vector atomic magnetometer measurement device, wherein the first path of light beam in the two paths of light beams is input along the X-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, the second path of light beam is input along the Z-axis direction of the alkali metal gas chamber, the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal gas chamber are subjected to spin polarization by the first path of light beam and the second path of light beam in a time-sharing manner, and non-orthogonal angle information is obtained by utilizing the magnetic field vector response difference of two beams of light sensitive to the same axis.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first circularly polarized beam is a first circularly polarized beam, the second circularly polarized beam is a second circularly polarized beam, the first circularly polarized beam and the second circularly polarized beam are both derived from an original laser beam emitted by a same laser, and the original laser beam is split into two original beams by a first polarization splitting prism.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-orthogonal angle information comprises a non-orthogonal angle α between the first circularly polarized beam and the second circularly polarized beam, or a magnetic field B in x direction generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle beta to the magnetic field in the z-directionxzOr the x-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldxyOr the z-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle beta to y-direction magnetic fieldyzOr the x-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to first path of circularly polarized light beamxOr the z-direction magnetic field B generated by a three-axis magnetic compensation coilzNon-orthogonal angle gamma to second path of circularly polarized light beamzOr a non-orthogonal angle α between the first circularly polarized light beam and the second circularly polarized light beam, or any combination of the above non-orthogonal angles.
4. The dual-beam-based in-situ measurement method of photomagnetic non-orthogonal angle of three-axis vector atomic magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer comprises a laser (1), an original laser beam (2), a first 1/2 wave plate (3), a first polarization splitting prism (4), a first convex lens (5), a second convex lens (6), a reflector (7), a second polarization splitting prism (8), a first 1/4 wave plate (9), a third convex lens (10), a first photodetector (11), a second 1/2 wave plate (12), a fiber coupler (13), a single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber (14), a collimator (15), a collimated beam (16), a third 1/2 wave plate (17), a third polarization splitting prism (18), a fourth convex lens (19), a fifth convex lens (20), the device comprises a fourth polarization splitting prism (21), a second 1/4 wave plate (22), a sixth convex lens (23), a second photoelectric detector (24), a phase-locked amplifier (25), a computer (26), a magnetic shielding barrel (27), a three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28), a non-magnetic electric heating oven (29), an alkali metal air chamber (30), a first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and a second path of circularly polarized light beam (32).
5. The in-situ measurement method of the photomagnetic non-orthogonal angle of the dual-beam-based three-axis vector atomic magnetometer is characterized in that the three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28), the non-electromagnetic heating oven (29) and the alkali metal air chamber (30) are arranged inside a magnetic shielding barrel (27), the magnetic shielding barrel (27) is used for providing a weak magnetic field environment required by the operation of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer for the alkali metal air chamber (30), the three-axis magnetic compensation coil (28) is respectively used for applying three sinusoidal magnetic fields with different frequencies in three orthogonal directions of x, y and z to compensate a residual magnetic field in the magnetic shielding barrel (27), the non-electromagnetic heating oven (29) is used for heating the alkali metal air chamber (30) to heat the alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30) from a normal temperature solid state to a gaseous state, the alkali metal air chamber (30) is filled with alkali metal atoms, buffer gas helium and quenching gas nitrogen, the alkali metal atom is one of potassium, rubidium and cesium, an original laser beam (2) is emitted by a laser (1), sequentially passes through a first 1/2 wave plate (3) and a first polarization beam splitter prism (4), is divided into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other by the first polarization beam splitter prism (4), one beam which has the same original transmission direction passes through a first convex lens (5) and a second convex lens (6) to realize light spot beam expansion, is reflected to be perpendicular to the original direction by a reflector (7), then is converted into a first circularly polarized beam (31) by a second polarization beam splitter prism (8) and a first 1/4 wave plate (9), passes through a magnetic shielding barrel (27) and a non-magnetic electric heating oven (28), irradiates an alkali metal air chamber (30) and is used for polarizing the alkali metal atom filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30), and the emergent light of the first circularly polarized beam is converged into a first photoelectric detector (11) through a third convex lens (10) to be converted into an electric signal, another path of light beam after an original laser beam (2) passes through a polarization beam splitter 4 enters an optical fiber coupler (13) through a second 1/2 wave plate (12), enters an optical fiber collimator (15) through a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber (14), emergent light of the optical fiber collimator (15) is collimated light beam (16), then passes through a third 1/2 wave plate (17) and a third polarization beam splitter (18), then passes through a fourth convex lens (19) and a fifth convex lens (20) to realize light spot beam expansion, then is converted into a second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) through a fourth polarization beam splitter (21) and a second 1/4 wave plate (22), passes through a magnetic shielding barrel (27) and a non-magnetic electric heating oven (28), irradiates an alkali metal air chamber (30) for polarizing alkali metal atoms filled in the alkali metal air chamber (30), and emergent light of the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is converged into a second photoelectric detector (24) through a sixth convex lens (23) to be converted into a telecommunication detector (24) The first photoelectric detector (11) and the second photoelectric detector (24) detect atomic spin precession signals by using a light absorption principle, output electric signals are connected with a phase-locked amplifier (25) to demodulate the atomic spin precession signals, the phase-locked amplifier (25) is connected with a computer (26), the computer (26) drives the phase-locked amplifier (25), and the signals extracted by the phase-locked amplifier (25) are displayed and stored to realize high-sensitivity measurement of a three-axis vector magnetic field.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the non-orthogonal angle of the tri-axial vector atomic magnetometer results from non-orthogonality primarily from the non-orthogonal angle between the beams, i.e., the spin polarization direction; the non-orthogonal angle between the magnetic fields generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coils, i.e. the non-orthogonality of the three-dimensional magnetic fields; the non-orthogonal angle between the light beam and the magnetic field direction generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil, namely the non-orthogonality of the spin polarization and the three-dimensional magnetic field, specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a non-orthogonal angle alpha of light beams is a residual angle of an included angle between a first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and a second path of circularly polarized light beam (32); magnetic three axesNon-orthogonal angle beta of x-direction magnetic field and y-direction magnetic field generated by compensation coilxyNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; ③ the non-orthogonal angle beta between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coilyzNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the y-direction magnetic field and the z-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil; non-orthogonal angle beta of x-direction magnetic field and z-direction magnetic field generated by triaxial magnetic compensation coilxzNamely, the complementary angle of the included angle between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the triaxial magnetic compensation coil; x-direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the first circularly polarized light beam (31)xI.e. the x-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxThe included angle between the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31); z direction magnetic field B generated by three-axis magnetic compensation coilzA non-orthogonal angle gamma to the second circularly polarized beam (32)zI.e. the z-direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzAnd the angle with the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32).
7. the in-situ measurement method of magneto-optical non-orthogonal angle of dual-beam-based three-axis vector atomic magnetometer of claim 6, wherein when using the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to perform three-axis magnetic field measurement, the atomic spin direction of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is pumped to the x-axis direction, and the sensitive y-axis direction magnetic field, and the atomic spin direction of the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is pumped to the z-axis direction, and the sensitive x-axis direction magnetic field, and the y-axis direction magnetic field is obtained, thereby obtaining four direction magnetic field measurement results y1,z1,y2,x2Wherein there is a redundant y-axis direction magnetic field measurement; taking the magnetic field direction of the y axis as a reference, if the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) are non-orthogonal, the responses of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to the y axis magnetic field are different, namely the obtained two y axis magnetic field measurement results are different; if and only if the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is orthogonal to the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32), namely the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beams is zero, the responses of the two light beams to the y axis are the same, the obtained magnetic field measurement results in the two y axis directions are the same, and the second path of circularly polarized light beam is orthogonal to the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31), namely the non-orthogonal angleThe response directions of one path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) to the y axis are consistent with the direction of the y axis magnetic field, and the measurement result is consistent with the y axis direction magnetic field ByAt the same time, the y spin polarization direction is consistent with the y-axis magnetic field direction, namely the compensation of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is finished; the ratio of the y-axis direction magnetic field measurement results before and after compensation is the cosine value of the included angle between the light beam and the y-axis magnetic field direction, the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam is the sum of the two included angles, and the expression is as follows:
8. The method of claim 6, wherein when the triaxial magnetic field measurement is performed using the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer, the compensation and measurement of the beam non-orthogonal angle α are first performed: the measurement results of the magnetic fields of the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) and the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) in the y-axis direction are adjusted to be the same, so that the first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is orthogonal to the second path of circularly polarized light beam (32), namely the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beams is zero, and the y-spin polarization direction is consistent with the y-axis magnetic field direction; after the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle alpha of the light beam are completed, the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is controlled to only generate the magnetic field B in the x directionxAnd measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesx,yx,zxI.e. the projection component of the x-direction magnetic field generated by the coil in the x, y, z direction of the measuring axis of the beam;
The y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is consistent with the y-direction of the measuring axis, so that the non-orthogonal angle beta of the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxyThe expression is:
The first path of circularly polarized light beam (31) is consistent with the x direction of the measuring axis, thereby obtaining the x direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilxNon-orthogonal angle gamma to the first circularly polarized light beam (31)xThe expression is:
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle α of the light beam are performed by controlling the three-axis magnetic compensation coil to generate only the z-direction magnetic field BzAnd measuring the response of the triaxial vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axes to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the directions of the x, y and z axesz,yz,zzNamely the projection component of the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the coil in the x, y and z directions of the measuring axis of the light beam; the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil is consistent with the y-direction of the measuring axis, so that the non-orthogonal angle beta between the z-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedyzthe expression is:
The second path of circularly polarized light beam (32) is consistent with the z direction of the measuring axis, thereby obtaining the z direction magnetic field B generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coilzA non-orthogonal angle gamma to the second circularly polarized beam (32)zThe expression is:
10. the method of claim 6, wherein the compensation and measurement of the non-orthogonal angle α of the light beam are performed by controlling the three axes of the light source to be non-orthogonal to the three axes of the light source respectivelyMagnetic compensation coil only generating x-direction magnetic field Bxand a magnetic field B in the z directionzRespectively measuring the responses of the three-axis vector atomic magnetometer to the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directions to obtain the measurement result x of the magnetic field in the x, y and z axis directionsx,yx,zx，xz,yz,zzThe non-orthogonal angle beta between the magnetic field in the x direction and the magnetic field in the z direction generated by the three-axis magnetic compensation coil can be obtainedxzThe expression is:
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