CN112833870B - An effective method for suppressing the influence of polarized magnetic fields of alkali metal atoms in NMR gyroscopes - Google Patents
An effective method for suppressing the influence of polarized magnetic fields of alkali metal atoms in NMR gyroscopes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种核磁共振陀螺中抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的有效方法，它涉及量子传感器件领域。包括以下步骤：1、利用NMRG内嵌碱金属磁力仪测量碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度，包括外磁场与稀有气体原子核磁矩磁场；2、联合测得的碱金属原子与两种稀有气体原子感受到的纵向磁场，建立碱金属原子与稀有气体原子磁场强度模型，获得碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场对NMRG双同位素差动频率影响的理论公式；3、利用理论公式，从NMRG原有差动频率信号中减除碱金属原子极化磁场的影响，从而达到提高陀螺性能的目的。本发明能够提升陀螺性能，有利于核磁共振陀螺的研制以及新一代量子器件的发展。
The invention discloses an effective method for suppressing the influence of the polarized magnetic field of alkali metal atoms in a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, which relates to the field of quantum sensing devices. It includes the following steps: 1. Using the NMRG built-in alkali metal magnetometer to measure the longitudinal magnetic field intensity felt by the alkali metal atoms, including the external magnetic field and the nuclear magnetic moment magnetic field of rare gas atoms; 2. The jointly measured alkali metal atoms and two rare gases The longitudinal magnetic field felt by atoms, establish the magnetic field strength model of alkali metal atoms and rare gas atoms, and obtain the theoretical formula of the effect of the longitudinal magnetic field felt by alkali metal atoms on the NMRG diisotope differential frequency; 3. Using the theoretical formula, from the original NMRG The influence of the polarized magnetic field of alkali metal atoms is subtracted from the differential frequency signal, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the gyroscope. The invention can improve the performance of the gyroscope, and is beneficial to the research and development of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope and the development of a new generation of quantum devices.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是量子传感器件领域，具体涉及一种核磁共振陀螺中抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的有效方法，对新一代核磁共振原子陀螺的研制有重要意义。The invention relates to the field of quantum sensor devices, in particular to an effective method for suppressing the influence of alkali metal atomic polarized magnetic fields in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes, which is of great significance to the development of a new generation of nuclear magnetic resonance atomic gyroscopes.
背景技术Background technique
核磁共振陀螺(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope,NMRG)具有高精度、小体积、低功耗、低成本等诸多优点，能够适应未来小型化、智能化、便携式运载设备对导航系统的要求，因此已成为当前惯性领域的一个重要研究方向。Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope, NMRG) has many advantages such as high precision, small size, low power consumption, low cost, etc. An important research direction in the inertial field.
研究发现，NMRG的精度性能受磁场、光场、热场等多种物理因素影响。其中通过碱金属原子极化磁场改变，来影响陀螺核磁共振频率信号是目前制约NMRG双同位素差动方案性能提升的最主要物理机制之一。这种机制主要影响陀螺的长时漂移，进而限制了NMRG未来的导航级应用。Studies have found that the precision performance of NMRG is affected by various physical factors such as magnetic field, optical field, and thermal field. Among them, changing the polarized magnetic field of alkali metal atoms to affect the gyroscope NMR frequency signal is one of the most important physical mechanisms currently restricting the performance improvement of the NMRG dual-isotope differential scheme. This mechanism mainly affects the long-term drift of the gyroscope, which limits the future navigation-level applications of NMRG.
热场、光场等物理量的改变都会影响NMRG中的碱金属原子极化率，从而影响其极化产生的磁场，由于双同位素感受到的碱金属原子极化磁场不同，最终引起陀螺差动频率信号的改变。为了抑制这种机制，目前最直接的做法就是尽可能的维持NMRG中热场、光场等物理量的稳定性。但是，为了实现NMRG高精度对这些物理量的要求，对其内部加热保温装置、激光器等硬件提出了近乎苛刻的设计要求，目前NMRG的很大一部分研究工作也都集中在这一方面。此外，还有通过调节双同位素闭环相位来抑制这种机制的方案，但也存在难以精确调节实现的弊端。因此，本发明提出通过测得碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场来抑制碱金属原子极化磁场对NMRG输出信号影响的有效方案。Changes in physical quantities such as thermal field and optical field will affect the polarizability of the alkali metal atoms in the NMRG, thereby affecting the magnetic field generated by its polarization. Due to the difference in the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms felt by the double isotope, it will eventually cause the differential frequency of the gyro signal change. In order to suppress this mechanism, the most direct way at present is to maintain the stability of physical quantities such as thermal field and optical field in NMRG as much as possible. However, in order to realize the high-precision requirements of NMRG for these physical quantities, almost harsh design requirements are put forward for its internal heating and heat preservation devices, lasers and other hardware. At present, a large part of the research work of NMRG is also focused on this aspect. In addition, there is a scheme to suppress this mechanism by adjusting the double-isotope closed-loop phase, but there are also drawbacks that it is difficult to achieve precise adjustment. Therefore, the present invention proposes an effective solution to suppress the influence of the polarizing magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms on the output signal of the NMRG by measuring the longitudinal magnetic field felt by the alkali metal atoms.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术上存在的不足，本发明目的是在于提供一种核磁共振陀螺中抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的有效方法，能够提升陀螺性能，有利于核磁共振陀螺的研制以及新一代量子器件的发展。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an effective method for suppressing the influence of the polarized magnetic field of alkali metal atoms in the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, which can improve the performance of the gyroscope, and is beneficial to the development of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope and a new generation of quantum devices development of.
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：核磁共振陀螺中抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的有效方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an effective method for suppressing the influence of the alkali metal atom polarized magnetic field in the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, comprising the following steps:
1、利用NMRG内嵌碱金属磁力仪测量碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度，包括外磁场与稀有气体原子核磁矩磁场；1. Use the NMRG embedded alkali metal magnetometer to measure the longitudinal magnetic field strength felt by the alkali metal atoms, including the external magnetic field and the magnetic moment magnetic field of the rare gas atomic nucleus;
2、联合测得的碱金属原子与两种稀有气体原子感受到的纵向磁场，建立碱金属原子与稀有气体原子磁场强度模型，获得碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场对NMRG双同位素差动频率影响的理论公式；2. Combine the measured longitudinal magnetic fields felt by alkali metal atoms and two rare gas atoms, establish the magnetic field strength model of alkali metal atoms and rare gas atoms, and obtain the effect of the longitudinal magnetic field felt by alkali metal atoms on the NMRG double-isotope differential frequency theoretical formula;
3、利用理论公式，从NMRG原有差动频率信号中减除碱金属原子极化磁场的影响，从而达到提高陀螺性能的目的。3. Using the theoretical formula, the influence of the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms is subtracted from the original differential frequency signal of the NMRG, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the gyroscope.
所述的步骤1在NMRG中利用其原有x方向磁场线圈，施加一频率(与稀有气体共振频率有显著差别)幅度固定的标准振荡磁场，其中通过法拉第旋光效应获得的内嵌碱金属(87Rb)磁力仪的零阶信号满足：The above step 1 uses its original x-direction magnetic field coil in the NMRG to apply a standard oscillating magnetic field with a frequency (significantly different from the resonance frequency of the rare gas) and a fixed amplitude, in which the embedded alkali metal ( 87 Rb) The zero-order signal of the magnetometer satisfies:
其中B1表示施加标准信号幅度，ω1表示施加标准信号频率，τ2表示碱金属原子横向弛豫时间，γRb表示碱金属原子旋磁比，M0表示碱金属原子平衡磁矩，B0表示纵向主磁场，Bc表示纵向载波磁场，ωc表示载波磁场频率，Jn表示贝塞尔函数。where B 1 represents the amplitude of the applied standard signal, ω 1 represents the frequency of the applied standard signal, τ 2 represents the transverse relaxation time of the alkali metal atom, γ Rb represents the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom, M 0 represents the equilibrium magnetic moment of the alkali metal atom, and B 0 Represents the longitudinal main magnetic field, B c represents the longitudinal carrier magnetic field, ω c represents the frequency of the carrier magnetic field, and J n represents the Bessel function.
NMRG内嵌碱金属磁力仪测得x方向标准磁场幅度同载波频率与碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场共振频率之差有关dωc＝ωc+γRbB0(其中γRb一般取负值)，且与标准信号自身的频率无关：The amplitude of the standard magnetic field in the x direction measured by the NMRG embedded alkali metal magnetometer is related to the difference between the carrier frequency and the resonance frequency of the longitudinal magnetic field felt by the alkali metal atoms dω c ＝ω c +γ Rb B 0 (where γ Rb generally takes a negative value) , independent of the frequency of the standard signal itself:
调节载波频率ωc，当满足ωc+γRbB0＝0时可测得最小的标准信号幅值，也即是此时测得了碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度B0＝-ωc/γRb。Adjust the carrier frequency ω c , when ω c +γ Rb B 0 = 0, the minimum standard signal amplitude can be measured, that is, the longitudinal magnetic field strength felt by the alkali metal atoms is measured at this time B 0 = -ω c / γRb .
所述的步骤2联合测得的碱金属原子与两种稀有气体原子(129Xe与131Xe)感受到的纵向磁场，建立碱金属原子与稀有气体原子磁场强度模型：The described step 2 combines the measured longitudinal magnetic fields felt by the alkali metal atoms and the two rare gas atoms ( 129 Xe and 131 Xe), and establishes the magnetic field strength model of the alkali metal atoms and the rare gas atoms:
其中γXe129、γXe131为两种稀有气体原子的旋磁比，ω129、ω131为两种稀有气体的闭环共振频率，ωr为系统转动角速度，BRb为碱金属原子极化磁场；B129/Rb＝k129/Rb·BRb与B131/Rb＝k131/Rb·BRb表示在一定范围内，由于自旋交换作用碱金属原子感受到的稀有气体原子磁场与碱金属原子磁场成比例；同理BRb/129＝kRb/129·BRb与BRb/131＝kRb/131·BRb表示稀有气体原子感受到的碱金属原子极化磁场也与碱金属原子磁场成比例，但比例系数不同；B131/129＝k131/129·BRb与B129/131＝k129/131·BRb表示两种稀有气体原子感受到对方的磁场作用，上式求解可得：where γ Xe129 and γ Xe131 are the gyromagnetic ratios of the two rare gas atoms, ω 129 and ω 131 are the closed-loop resonance frequencies of the two rare gases, ω r is the rotational angular velocity of the system, B Rb is the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms; B 129/Rb ＝k 129/Rb ·B Rb and B 131/Rb ＝k 131/Rb ·B Rb represent the rare gas atomic magnetic field and the alkali metal atomic magnetic field felt by the alkali metal atom due to the spin exchange within a certain range In the same way, B Rb/129 ＝k Rb/ 129 ＝B Rb and B Rb/131 ＝k Rb/ 131 ＝B Rb means that the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atom felt by the rare gas atom is also proportional to the magnetic field of the alkali metal atom B 131/129 ＝k 131/129 ＝B Rb and B 129 /131＝k 129/131 ＝B Rb means that two kinds of rare gas atoms feel the magnetic field effect of each other, the solution of the above formula can be obtained :
其中in
于是可知，要从NMRG输出差动信号中减除碱金属原子极化磁场的影响，首先需将测得的三个频率信号进行线性组合[ωc(γXe129+γXe131)-γRb(ω129+ω131)]，再乘以比例系数
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1)通过理论模型与更多的系统参数测量来抑制碱金属原子极化磁场对陀螺性能的影响，可以减少对NMRG系统硬件设计的较高要求，进一步提高陀螺的环境稳定性。1) Suppressing the influence of the alkali metal atom polarized magnetic field on the performance of the gyroscope through theoretical models and more system parameter measurements can reduce the high requirements for the hardware design of the NMRG system and further improve the environmental stability of the gyroscope.
2)与现有闭环相位调节方法相比，该方案实时性、可操作性、精度等方面都有优势。2) Compared with the existing closed-loop phase adjustment method, this scheme has advantages in real-time, operability, and precision.
3)充分利用现有NMRG硬件系统，通过算法改进实现对碱金属原子极化磁场的减除，无需增加新的硬件。3) Make full use of the existing NMRG hardware system, and realize the subtraction of the polarized magnetic field of alkali metal atoms through algorithm improvement without adding new hardware.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和具体实施方式来详细说明本发明；The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;
图1为本发明碱金属磁力仪测得x方向标准磁场信号幅度图；Fig. 1 is that alkali metal magnetometer of the present invention records x direction standard magnetic field signal amplitude figure;
图2为本发明碱金属磁力仪测得碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度图；Fig. 2 is the longitudinal magnetic field strength figure that alkali metal magnetometer of the present invention records alkali metal atom to experience;
图3为本发明抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的方法流程图Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the method for suppressing the influence of alkali metal atom polarized magnetic field of the present invention
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
参照图1-3，本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案：核磁共振陀螺中抑制碱金属原子极化磁场影响的有效方法，包括以下步骤：With reference to Fig. 1-3, present embodiment adopts following technical scheme: the effective method of suppressing the influence of alkali metal atom polarized magnetic field in nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, comprises the following steps:
1、利用NMRG内嵌碱金属磁力仪测量碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度，包括外磁场与稀有气体原子核磁矩磁场；1. Use the NMRG embedded alkali metal magnetometer to measure the longitudinal magnetic field strength felt by the alkali metal atoms, including the external magnetic field and the magnetic moment magnetic field of the rare gas atomic nucleus;
2、联合测得的碱金属原子与两种稀有气体原子感受到的纵向磁场，建立碱金属原子与稀有气体原子磁场强度模型，获得碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场对NMRG双同位素差动频率影响的理论公式；2. Combine the measured longitudinal magnetic fields felt by alkali metal atoms and two rare gas atoms, establish the magnetic field strength model of alkali metal atoms and rare gas atoms, and obtain the effect of the longitudinal magnetic field felt by alkali metal atoms on the NMRG double-isotope differential frequency theoretical formula;
3、利用理论公式，从NMRG原有差动频率信号中减除碱金属原子极化磁场的影响，从而达到提高陀螺性能的目的。3. Using the theoretical formula, the influence of the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms is subtracted from the original differential frequency signal of the NMRG, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the gyroscope.
在NMRG中利用其原有x方向磁场线圈，施加一频率(与稀有气体共振频率有显著差别)幅度固定的标准振荡磁场，其中通过法拉第旋光效应获得的内嵌碱金属(87Rb)磁力仪的零阶信号满足：In the NMRG, using its original x-direction magnetic field coil, a standard oscillating magnetic field with a fixed frequency (significantly different from the rare gas resonance frequency) and a fixed amplitude is applied, and the embedded alkali metal ( 87 Rb) magnetometer obtained through the Faraday rotation optical effect The zero-order signal satisfies:
其中B1表示施加标准信号幅度，ω1表示施加标准信号频率，τ2表示碱金属原子横向弛豫时间，γRb表示碱金属原子旋磁比，M0表示碱金属原子平衡磁矩，B0表示纵向主磁场，Bc表示纵向载波磁场，ωc表示载波磁场频率，Jn表示贝塞尔函数。where B 1 represents the amplitude of the applied standard signal, ω 1 represents the frequency of the applied standard signal, τ 2 represents the transverse relaxation time of the alkali metal atom, γ Rb represents the gyromagnetic ratio of the alkali metal atom, M 0 represents the equilibrium magnetic moment of the alkali metal atom, and B 0 Represents the longitudinal main magnetic field, B c represents the longitudinal carrier magnetic field, ω c represents the frequency of the carrier magnetic field, and J n represents the Bessel function.
如图1所示，NMRG内嵌碱金属磁力仪测得x方向标准磁场幅度同载波频率与碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场共振频率之差有关dωc＝ωc+γRbB0(其中γRb一般取负值)，且与标准信号自身的频率无关：As shown in Figure 1, the standard magnetic field amplitude in the x direction measured by the NMRG embedded alkali metal magnetometer is related to the difference between the carrier frequency and the resonance frequency of the longitudinal magnetic field felt by the alkali metal atoms dω c =ω c +γ Rb B 0 (where γ Rb generally takes a negative value), and has nothing to do with the frequency of the standard signal itself:
调节载波频率ωc，当满足ωc+γRbB0＝0时可测得最小的标准信号幅值，也即是此时测得了碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度B0＝-ωc/γRb。图2给出了利用该方法在实际NMRG系统中实现的一组碱金属原子感受到的纵向磁场强度的测量数据，其中以载波频率ωc显示，可以通过B0＝-ωc/γRb换算为磁场强度。这就是本具体实施方式的第一部分内容。Adjust the carrier frequency ω c , when ω c +γ Rb B 0 = 0, the minimum standard signal amplitude can be measured, that is, the longitudinal magnetic field strength felt by the alkali metal atoms is measured at this time B 0 = -ω c / γRb . Figure 2 shows the measurement data of the longitudinal magnetic field intensity experienced by a group of alkali metal atoms in an actual NMRG system using this method, which is displayed at the carrier frequency ωc , which can be converted by B 0 = -ωc / γRb is the magnetic field strength. This is the first part of this specific embodiment.
接下来，联合测得的碱金属原子与两种稀有气体原子(129Xe与131Xe)感受到的纵向磁场，建立碱金属原子与稀有气体原子磁场强度模型。考虑到正常工作时NMRG中各物理参量一般都只在小范围内波动，且在一定范围内可认为自旋交换作用使得碱金属原子极化率与稀有气体原子极化率存在比例关系，于是可以建立如下线性近似模型：Next, the measured longitudinal magnetic fields felt by the alkali metal atoms and the two rare gas atoms ( 129 Xe and 131 Xe) were combined to establish the magnetic field strength model of the alkali metal atoms and the rare gas atoms. Considering that the physical parameters in NMRG generally only fluctuate within a small range during normal operation, and within a certain range, it can be considered that the spin exchange effect makes the polarizability of alkali metal atoms and the polarizability of rare gas atoms proportional, so it can be Create the following linear approximation model:
其中γXe129、γXe131为两种稀有气体原子的旋磁比，ω129、ω131为两种稀有气体的闭环共振频率，ωr为系统转动角速度，BRb为碱金属原子极化磁场；B129/Rb＝k129/Rb·BRb与B131/Rb＝k131/Rb·BRb表示在一定范围内，由于自旋交换作用碱金属原子感受到的稀有气体原子磁场与碱金属原子磁场成比例；同理BRb/129＝kRb/129·BRb与BRb/131＝kRb/131·BRb表示稀有气体原子感受到的碱金属原子极化磁场也与碱金属原子磁场成比例，但比例系数不同；B131/129＝k131/129·BRb与B129/131＝k129/131·BRb表示两种稀有气体原子感受到对方的磁场作用，考虑线性近似与自旋交换作用，最终也与碱金属原子极化磁场相关，通常这个作用很小可以忽略。上式求解可得：where γ Xe129 and γ Xe131 are the gyromagnetic ratios of the two rare gas atoms, ω 129 and ω 131 are the closed-loop resonance frequencies of the two rare gases, ω r is the rotational angular velocity of the system, B Rb is the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms; B 129/Rb ＝k 129/Rb ·B Rb and B 131/Rb ＝k 131/Rb ·B Rb represent the rare gas atomic magnetic field and the alkali metal atomic magnetic field felt by the alkali metal atom due to the spin exchange within a certain range In the same way, B Rb/129 ＝k Rb/ 129 ＝B Rb and B Rb/131 ＝k Rb/ 131 ＝B Rb means that the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atom felt by the rare gas atom is also proportional to the magnetic field of the alkali metal atom B 131/129 ＝k 131/129 ＝B Rb and B 129 /131＝k 129/131 ＝B Rb means that two kinds of rare gas atoms feel the magnetic field effect of each other, considering linear approximation and self The spin exchange effect is ultimately also related to the polarized magnetic field of the alkali metal atoms, and usually this effect is small and negligible. Solving the above formula can get:
其中in
于是可知，要从NMRG输出差动信号中减除碱金属原子极化磁场的影响，首先需将测得的三个频率信号进行线性组合[ωc(γXe129+γXe131)-γRb(ω129+ω131)]，再乘以比例系数
按照上述实施，便可以很好的实现本具体实施方式。需要说明的是，基于上述理论设计方法，即使在本发明基础上做出原子类别、磁场强度模型及一些无实质性的改动和润色，其也应当在本发明的保护范围内。According to the above implementation, this specific implementation manner can be well realized. It should be noted that, based on the above theoretical design method, even if the atomic type, magnetic field strength model and some insubstantial changes and modifications are made on the basis of the present invention, they should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and what described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrates the principles of the present invention, and the present invention will also have other functions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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