CN112683995B - Alkali metal electron polarizability measuring method based on mixed alkali metal - Google Patents
Alkali metal electron polarizability measuring method based on mixed alkali metal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for measuring the electron polarizability of the alkali metal based on the mixed alkali metal comprises the steps of establishing a linear function relation between a bias magnetic field and atomic precession frequency, obtaining a mixed slowing factor of the mixed alkali metal atoms from a slope value of the linear function relation, obtaining a relation between the mixed slowing factor and different nuclear spin atom slowing factors by using density ratios of different nuclear spin atoms, and obtaining an electron polarizability value of the alkali metal by using a relation between each nuclear spin atom slowing factor and the electron polarizability of the alkali metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for measuring electron polarizability by using an atomic spin inertia measuring device, in particular to a method for measuring the electron polarizability of alkali metal based on mixed alkali metal.
Background
With the rapid development of fields of quantum science, optics, atomic physics, etc., quantum-based precision measurement has begun to move into a new era. The basic principle of quantum precision measurement is to utilize the interaction of light and atoms to realize ultra-high precision measurement of various physical quantities. The research of the high-precision inertial measurement device can be applied to various fields: the method provides a new method for limit research of physics, military navigation and the like in the fields of leading edge basic physics, medicine and military. Measuring the electron polarizability of mixed alkali atoms can help to understand the effects of different operating conditions in mixed pumping (such as temperature, mixed alkali atom density ratio, and gas composition). Therefore, accurately measuring the electron spin polarizability of mixed alkali metal atoms is of great importance in improving the sensitivity and polarizability of accurate measurement. Currently, methods for measuring the electron polarizability of alkali metal atoms include an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) method and a pumping and attenuation transient (PDT) method, wherein the existence of a large magnetic field in the EPR method influences the normal operation of a system, and the accuracy of measurement of the PDT method is limited by the change of a slow factor Q and distortion of transient signals.
In a gas cell filled with an alkali metal atom alone, the slow-down factor Q can be directly used to derive the polarizability, whereas in an atomic gas cell filled with nuclear spins i=3/2 and i=5/2, respectively, the slow-down factor Q is a mixed effect of two atoms, and under different nuclear spin conditions, the slow-down factor and the polarizability have different relationships, so the electron polarizability cannot be directly derived by the mixed slow-down factor. The accuracy of the existing methods is limited by influencing factors, and real-time accurate measurement cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the electron polarizability of alkali metal based on mixed alkali metal, which is characterized in that a linear function relation between a bias magnetic field and atomic precession frequency is established, a mixed slowing factor of mixed alkali metal atoms is obtained from a slope value of the linear function relation, the density ratio of different nuclear spin atoms is utilized to obtain the relation between the mixed slowing factor and different nuclear spin atom slowing factors, and then the relation between each nuclear spin atom slowing factor and the electron polarizability of the alkali metal is utilized to solve the electron polarizability of the alkali metal.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an alkali metal electron polarizability measuring method based on mixed alkali metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, an air chamber used by an atomic spin inertia measuring device is mixed with alkali metal atoms of a first nuclear spin quantity and alkali metal atoms of a second nuclear spin quantity, bias magnetic fields Bz with different magnitudes are applied in the z-axis direction of the device, and the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is measured;
step 2, fitting by utilizing a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different Bz conditions 0 Obtaining a corresponding linear function relation, and obtaining a mixed slowing factor Q value of mixed alkali metal atoms from a slope value of the linear function relation;
step 3, alkali metal atom density n according to first nuclear spin A Density n of alkali metal atoms with second nuclear spin B The ratio Dr of the mixed slowing factor Q to the alkali metal atom slowing factor Q of the first nuclear spin 3/2 And a second nuclear spin amount of an alkali metal atom slowing factor Q 5/2 Is a relation of (2);
step 4, utilize Q 3/2 Electron polarizability with alkali metalIs a relation of Q 5/2 And->Is solved by the relation of->Values.
The Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the deviceWherein B 'is a magnetic field vector, B' is an intrinsic quantity of a magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, ω is a frequency of an applied electric signal, t is time, < >>Is a y-axis unit vector.
The frequency response fitting formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and the frequency response data obtained by measurement are fitted according to the formula to obtain different B z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 。
Omega in step 2 0 Correspond to B z The linear functional relation of (2) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e B z Q, said slope value being gamma e /Q。
The first nuclear spin I=3/2 in the step 3, and the alkali metal atom containing the nuclear spin is potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 Rb, second nuclear spin I=5/2, the alkali metal atom containing this nuclear spin in the gas cell used is rubidium 85 Rb, thereby obtaining the formula:
wherein the molecule is alkali metal atom potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 The sum of Rb density values is the alkali metal atom rubidium 85 Density value of Rb.
The step 3 is to mix the slow down factor QQ 3/2 And Q 5/2 The relation of (2) is as follows:
q in the step 4 3/2 And (3) withThe relation of (2) is as follows: />
Q 5/2 And (3) withThe relation of (2) is as follows: />
The invention has the following technical effects: according to the method for measuring the electron polarizability of the alkali metal based on the mixed alkali metal, provided by the invention, the linear function relation between the bias magnetic field and the atomic precession frequency is established, the mixed slowing factor of the mixed alkali metal atoms is obtained from the slope value of the linear function relation, the relation between the mixed slowing factor and the different nuclear spin atomic slowing factors is obtained by utilizing the density ratio of the different nuclear spin atoms, and then the electron polarizability value of the alkali metal is obtained by utilizing the relation between each nuclear spin atomic slowing factor and the electron polarizability of the alkali metal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) According to the invention, by applying the bias magnetic field, the precession frequency of the alkali metal atoms under different bias magnetic fields is measured, compared with the existing method, the external influence factors are reduced, the polarization of the atoms is not destroyed, and the instantaneity and the accuracy are ensured. (2) The method is reasonable, the experimental operation is simple, and a foundation is provided for the development of a high-precision atomic spin inertia measuring device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an alkali metal electron polarizability measurement method based on mixed alkali metal for implementing the invention. The following steps are included in fig. 1: step 1, measuring frequency responses under different bias magnetic field conditions (for example, an atomic spin inertia measuring device is adopted, a bias magnetic field Bz is applied in the z-axis direction, and a signal is output by the measuring device, namely, the frequency response Sx); step 2, fitting to obtain the corresponding relation between the bias magnetic field and the atomic precession frequency, and calculating a mixed slowing factor (for example, bz and atomic precession frequency omega 0 A relation between the blend slow factor Q); step 3, obtaining a relation of the mixed slow factor Q and the slow factors of the atoms of different nuclear spins (Dr is the ratio of the density of alkali metal atoms of the first nuclear spin to the density of alkali metal atoms of the second nuclear spin, e.g. the first nuclear spin I=3/2, the alkali metal atoms containing the nuclear spin in the gas chamber used are potassium) 39 K and rubidium 87 Rb, second nuclear spin I=5/2, the alkali metal atom containing this nuclear spin in the gas cell used is rubidium 85 Rb, accordingly, the first slowing factor Q 3/2 Second slow-down factor Q 5/2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 4, according to the slowing factor (Q, Q 3/2 And Q 5/2 ) And electron polarization rateRelation between them calculates the electric polarizability +.>
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings (fig. 1) and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an alkali metal electron polarizability measurement method based on mixed alkali metal for implementing the invention. Referring to fig. 1, a method for measuring electron polarizability of alkali metal based on mixed alkali metal is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, an alkali metal atom of a first nuclear spin quantity is mixed in a gas chamber used in an atomic spin inertia measuring deviceApplying a bias magnetic field Bz of different magnitude in the z-axis direction of the device with the alkali metal atoms of the second nuclear spin and measuring the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device; step 2, fitting by using a frequency response formula to obtain an atomic precession frequency omega 0 Correspond to B z Obtaining a mixed slow-down factor Q value of mixed alkali metal atoms from a slope value of the linear functional relation; step 3, alkali metal atom density n according to first nuclear spin A The ratio Dr of the density nB of the alkali metal atoms with the second nuclear spin to the first nuclear spin to obtain a mixed slowing factor Q and a first nuclear spin alkali metal atom slowing factor Q 3/2 And a second nuclear spin amount of an alkali metal atom slowing factor Q 5/2 Is a relation of (2); step 4, utilize Q 3/2 Electron polarizability with alkali metalIs a relation of Q 5/2 And->Is solved by the relation of->Values.
The Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the deviceWherein B 'is a magnetic field vector, B' is an intrinsic quantity of a magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, omega is the frequency of an applied electric signal, t is time,/->Is a y-axis unit vector. The frequency response fitting formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and the frequency response data obtained by measurement are fitted according to the formula to obtain different B z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 . Omega in step 2 0 Correspond to B z The linear functional relation of (2) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e B z Q, said slope value being gamma e and/Q. The first nuclear spin I=3/2 in the step 3, and the alkali metal atom containing the nuclear spin is potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 Rb, second nuclear spin I=5/2, the alkali metal atom containing this nuclear spin in the gas cell used is rubidium 85 Rb, thereby obtaining the formula:
wherein the molecule is alkali metal atom potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 The sum of Rb density values is the alkali metal atom rubidium 85 Density value of Rb. Q in the step 3 3/2 And Q is equal to 5/2 The relation of (2) is as follows:
q in the step 4 3/2 And->The relation of (2) is as follows: />Q 5/2 And->The relation of (2) is as follows: />
The invention relates to a method for measuring the electron polarizability of alkali metal based on mixed alkali metal, which can accurately measure the electron polarizability of mixed alkali metal atoms. The method is carried out by applying a bias magnetic field B z Measuring different B z Frequency response under conditions S x Obtaining a magnetic field B through formula fitting z And resonance frequency omega 0 Deducing a mixing slow factor Q by using a density ratio D r Obtaining a slow down factor Q of the atoms of the mixed factor Q and the different nuclear spins 3/2 And Q 5/2 And obtaining the electron polarizability of the alkali metal atom according to the relation between the slowing factor and the polarizability. The method is reasonable, the experimental operation is simple, the polarizability of the mixed alkali metal atoms can be accurately measured, and a foundation is provided for the development of a high-precision atomic spin inertia measuring device.
An alkali metal electron polarizability measuring method based on mixed alkali metal comprises the following steps:
step (1): applying bias magnetic fields B with different magnitudes in z direction z Measuring the frequency response S of a high-precision atomic spin inertial measurement unit x 。
Step (2): according to the frequency response S obtained in step (1) x Fitting according to a frequency response formula to obtain an atomic precession frequency omega 0 And magnetic field B z Calculating the slope, and obtaining the slowing factor Q of the mixed alkali metal atoms according to the slope.
Step (3): density ratio D of atoms using different nuclear spins r Obtaining a slow-down factor Q which mixes the slow-down factor Q with atoms of different nuclear spins 3/2 And Q 5/2 Is a relation of (3).
Step (4): according to the mixed slow-down factor Q obtained in step (3) and the slow-down factor Q under different nuclear spin conditions 3/2 And Q 5/2 By using the relation between the slowing factor and the polarizability to obtain the electron polarizability of alkali metal atoms。
In step (1), one is applied in the direction of the device yThe magnetic field, ω, is varied and the system frequency response is measured.
The frequency response fitting formula in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, and different B are obtained by fitting curves z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 。
The bias magnetic field B in the step (2) z And the precession frequency ω of alkali metal atoms 0 The relation of (2) is as follows:
ω 0 ＝γ e B z /Q，
obtaining the slope of gamma e /Q。
The alkali metal atoms with nuclear spin of i=3/2 in the step (3) include 39 K and 87 rb, alkali metal atom with nuclear spin of I=5/2 comprises 85 Rb, the atomic density ratio of the two nuclear spins is as follows:
the relation between the mixed slow factor Q and the slow factor of the atoms of different nuclear spins in the step (3) is as follows:
wherein Q is 3/2 Is that 39 K and 87 slow down factor of Rb, Q 5/2 Is that 85 A slowing factor for Rb.
The relation between the slowing factor and the polarizability under different nuclear spin conditions in the step (4) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofAs the electron polarizability, electron polarizability of different kinds of alkali metal atoms is equal due to mutual collision between atoms.
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. It is noted that the above description is helpful for a person skilled in the art to understand the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any and all such equivalent substitutions, modifications and/or deletions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An alkali metal electron polarizability measuring method based on mixed alkali metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, an air chamber used by an atomic spin inertia measuring device is mixed with alkali metal atoms of a first nuclear spin quantity and alkali metal atoms of a second nuclear spin quantity, bias magnetic fields Bz with different magnitudes are applied in the z-axis direction of the device, and the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is measured;
step 2, fitting by utilizing a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different bias magnetic fields Bz conditions 0 Obtaining a corresponding linear function relation, and a slave lineSlope values of the sexual function relation are equal to the mixing slowing factor Q value of the mixed alkali metal atoms;
step 3, alkali metal atom density n according to first nuclear spin A Density n of alkali metal atoms with second nuclear spin B The ratio Dr of the mixed slowing factor Q to the alkali metal atom slowing factor Q of the first nuclear spin 3/2 And a second nuclear spin amount of an alkali metal atom slowing factor Q 5/2 Is a relation of (2);
step 4, utilize Q 3/2 Electron polarizability with alkali metalIs a relation of Q 5/2 And->Is solved by the relation of->A value;
the Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the air cellWherein B 'is a magnetic field vector, B' is an intrinsic quantity of a magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, omega is the frequency of an applied electric signal, t is time,/->Is a y-axis unit vector;
the frequency response fitting formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons,i is nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is half-width characteristic value of half-height of electric signal waveform, frequency response data are measured, and different B are obtained through fitting curves z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 ；
Omega in step 2 o Correspond to B z The linear functional relation of (2) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e B z Q, said slope value being gamma e /Q；
The first nuclear spin I=3/2 in the step 3, and the alkali metal atom containing the nuclear spin is potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 Rb, second nuclear spin I=5/2, the alkali metal atom containing this nuclear spin in the gas cell used is rubidium 85 Rb, thereby obtaining the formula:
wherein the molecule is alkali metal atom potassium 39 K and rubidium 87 The sum of Rb density values is the alkali metal atom rubidium 85 Density value of Rb;
q in the step 3 3/2 And Q is equal to 5/2 The relation of (2) is as follows:
q in the step 4 3/2 And (3) withThe relation of (2) is as follows: />，
Q 3/2 And (3) withThe relation of (2) is as follows: />。
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| DE19928032A1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-11 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Measurement device for measuring alkali atom absolute polarization has control arrangement with measurement laser temperature controller, sensor and heating/cooling device |
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