CN112683994B - Inert gas nuclear polarizability measuring method based on alkali metal inert gas mixing - Google Patents
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
According to the inert gas nuclear polarizability measurement method based on alkali metal inert gas mixing, an effective magnetic field generated by inert gas nuclear polarization in a corresponding relation is obtained by establishing the corresponding relation between a bias magnetic field and atomic precession frequency, and then the inert gas nuclear polarizability is obtained through calculation of the effective magnetic field, so that the sensitivity and accuracy of precise measurement are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for measuring nuclear polarizability by adopting an atomic spin inertia measuring device, in particular to a method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of inert gas based on alkali metal inert gas mixture.
Background
With the rapid development of quantum physics, optics, etc., quantum-based precision measurement has begun to move into a new era. The basic principle of quantum precision measurement is to utilize the interaction of light and atoms to realize ultra-high precision measurement of various physical quantities. The research of the high-precision inertial measurement device can be applied to various fields: the front foundation fields of physics, medicine and military provide new ideas for limit research and medical research of physics. Measuring the nuclear polarizability of an inert gas mixed with an alkali metal and an inert gas can help to understand the effects of different operating conditions (such as temperature, density ratio of mixed alkali metal atoms, and gas composition) in mixed pumping. Therefore, accurately measuring the nuclear polarizability of an inert gas mixed with an alkali metal and an inert gas is of great importance in improving the sensitivity and polarizability of precise measurement.
Currently, the method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of an inert gas mixed with an alkali metal and an inert gas is an NMR detection method (NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance), in which a coil needs to be precisely designed and calibrated. Another approach is based on EPR frequency shift (EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance), requiring complex feedback circuits and AFP techniques etc. (AFP, adiabatic Fast Passage, adiabatic fast path). The existing method has the defects of high experimental difficulty and high requirement, and is difficult to measure accurately in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides an inert gas nuclear polarizability measuring method based on alkali metal inert gas mixing, which is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and accuracy of precise measurement by establishing a corresponding relation between a bias magnetic field and atomic precession frequency to obtain an effective magnetic field of a magnetic field generated by inert gas nuclear polarization in the relation and then calculating the inert gas nuclear polarizability through the effective magnetic field.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of the inert gas based on the mixing of the alkali metal inert gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, an alkali metal and an inert gas are mixed in a gas chamber used by an atomic spin inertia measuring device, bias magnetic fields Bz with different magnitudes are applied in the z-axis direction of the device, and the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is measured;
step 2, fitting the measured data by utilizing a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different bias magnetic fields Bz conditions 0 And sum magnetic field B z Corresponding relation of (3);
step 3, according to ω 0 And B z Fitting by using a linear function to obtain the intercept Bn of the function, wherein Bn is an effective magnetic field generated by inert gas nuclear polarization;
and 4, obtaining a Pn value by utilizing a functional relation between Bn and the nuclear polarizability Pn of the inert gas.
The Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the deviceWherein B 'is a magnetic field vector, B' is an intrinsic quantity of a magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, ω is a frequency of an applied electric signal, t is time,/->Is a y-axis unit vector.
The frequency response fitting formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and different B are obtained by fitting curves according to the measured data of frequency response z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 。
Omega in said step 3 0 And B z The correspondence of (a) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e (B z +B n ) Wherein Q is a slow down factor.
The functional relationship between Bn and Pn in the step 4 is as follows:
wherein λ is a coefficient, m=μn, μ is an inert gas atomic magnetic moment, n is an inert gas atomic density, and κ 0 Mu, as spin-exchange enhancement factor 0 Is vacuum magnetic permeability.
The invention has the following technical effects: the invention relates to a method for measuring the nuclear polarization rate of inert gas based on alkali metal inert gas mixture, which can accurately measure the nuclear polarization rate of inert gas under the condition of mixing alkali metal and inert gas, and the method is realized by applying a bias magnetic field B z Measuring different B z Frequency response under conditions S x Obtaining a magnetic field B through formula fitting z And resonance frequency, i.e. atomic precession frequency omega 0 Obtain the effective magnetic field B generated by inert gas n According to B n And the relationship between the polarizability to calculate the polarizability Pn of the inert gas nuclei. The method is reasonable, the experimental operation is simple, the nuclear polarizability of the inert gas of the mixed alkali metal atoms can be accurately measured, and a foundation is provided for the development of a high-precision atomic spin inertia measuring device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) According to the invention, by applying the bias magnetic field, the precession frequency of the alkali metal atoms under different bias magnetic fields is measured, compared with the existing method, the external influence factors are reduced, the polarization of the atoms is not destroyed, and the instantaneity and the accuracy are ensured. (2) The method is reasonable, the experimental operation is simple, and a foundation is provided for the development of a high-precision atomic spin inertia measuring device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an inert gas nuclear polarizability measurement method based on alkali metal inert gas mixing for implementing the invention. The following steps are included in fig. 1: step 1, measuring frequency response under different bias magnetic field conditions (for example, using an atomic spin inertia measuring device, applying a bias magnetic field Bz in the z-axis direction, the amplitude of the output signal of the measuring device at different frequencies is thatA frequency response Sx); step 2, fitting to obtain a corresponding relationship between the bias magnetic field and the atomic precession frequency (e.g., bz and atomic precession frequency ω 0 A relationship between them); step 3, fitting to obtain the intercept (a magnetic field Bn generated by inert gas nuclei) of a linear function relation; and 4, calculating the nuclear polarization rate (Pn) of the inert gas.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings (fig. 1) and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an inert gas nuclear polarizability measurement method based on alkali metal inert gas mixing for implementing the invention. Referring to fig. 1, the method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of an inert gas based on the mixing of an alkali metal inert gas is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, an alkali metal and an inert gas are mixed in a gas chamber used by an atomic spin inertia measuring device, bias magnetic fields Bz with different magnitudes are applied in the z-axis direction of the device, and the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is measured; step 2, fitting the measured data by utilizing a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different bias magnetic fields Bz conditions 0 And sum magnetic field B z Corresponding relation of (3); step 3, according to ω 0 And B z Obtaining an intercept Bn of a functional relation, wherein Bn is an effective magnetic field generated by polarization of inert gas nuclei; and 4, obtaining a Pn value by utilizing a functional relation between Bn and the nuclear polarizability Pn of the inert gas.
The Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the deviceWherein B 'is a magnetic field vector, B' is an intrinsic quantity of a magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, ω is a frequency of an applied electric signal, t is time,/->Is a y-axis unit vector. The frequency response formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and different B are obtained by fitting curves according to the measured data of frequency response z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 。
Omega in said step 3 0 And B z The correspondence of (a) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e (B z +B n ) Wherein Q is a slow down factor. The functional relationship between Bn and Pn in the step 4 is as follows:
wherein λ is a coefficient, m=μn, μ is an inert gas atomic magnetic moment, n is an inert gas atomic density, and κ 0 Mu, as spin-exchange enhancement factor 0 Is vacuum magnetic permeability.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of inert gas based on the mixture of alkali metal and inert gas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): applying bias magnetic fields B with different magnitudes in z direction z Measuring the frequency response S of a high-precision atomic spin inertial measurement unit x 。
Step (2): according to the frequency response S obtained in step (1) x Fitting according to a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different bias magnetic field conditions 0 And sum magnetic field B z Corresponding relation of (3).
Step (3): calculating the intercept of the linear function relation according to the corresponding relation obtained in the step (2), wherein the intercept is the magnetic field B generated by inert gas nuclei n 。
Step (4): according to the magnetic field B generated by the inert gas obtained in the step (3) n And obtaining the nuclear polarizability Pn of the inert gas by utilizing the relation between the magnetic field and the nuclear polarizability.
In the step (1), one is applied in the y directionThe magnetic field, ω, is varied and the system frequency response is measured.
The frequency response fitting formula in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and different B are obtained by fitting curves according to the measured data of frequency response z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 。
The bias magnetic field B in the step (2) z And atomic precession frequency omega 0 The relationship between them is as follows:
ω 0 ＝γ e (B z +B n )/Q，
wherein, gamma e Is gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, and Q is a slowing factor.
The intercept in the step (3) is-B n 。
The relation between the nuclear polarizability in the step (4) and the intercept in the step (3) is as follows:
where λ is the coefficient, m=μn, μ is the inert gas atomic magnetic moment, n is the inert gas atomic density, κ 0 Mu, as spin-exchange enhancement factor 0 Is vacuum magnetic permeability.
What is not described in detail in the present specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. It is noted that the above description is helpful for a person skilled in the art to understand the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any and all such equivalent substitutions, modifications and/or deletions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for measuring the nuclear polarizability of the inert gas based on the mixing of the alkali metal inert gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, an alkali metal and an inert gas are mixed in a gas chamber used by an atomic spin inertia measuring device, bias magnetic fields Bz with different magnitudes are applied in the z-axis direction of the device, and the frequency response Sx of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is measured;
step 2, fitting by utilizing a frequency response formula to obtain atomic precession frequency omega under different bias magnetic field conditions 0 And sum magnetic field B z Corresponding relation of (3);
step 3, according to ω 0 And B z Obtaining an intercept Bn of a linear functional relationship, wherein Bn is an effective magnetic field generated by polarization of inert gas nuclei;
step 4, utilizing the functional relation between Bn and the inert gas nuclear polarizability Pn to obtain a Pn value;
the Sx measurement in the step 1 adopts the following mode: applying a magnetic field in the y-axis direction of the deviceThe left side B 'of the medium-sized sign is a magnetic field vector, the right side B' of the medium-sized sign is the intrinsic quantity of the magnetic field applied in the y-axis direction of the air chamber, omega is the frequency of the applied electric signal, t is time, and>is a y-axis unit vector;
the frequency response formula in the step 2 is as follows:
wherein S is 0 In order to balance the spin polarizability of electrons,γ e is the gyromagnetic ratio of electrons, I is the nuclear spin of atoms, deltaomega is the half-width characteristic value of the half-height of the waveform of the electric signal, and different B are obtained by fitting curves according to the data obtained by measuring the frequency response z Corresponding omega under the condition 0 ；
Omega in said step 3 0 And B z The correspondence of (a) is as follows: omega 0 ＝γ e (B z +B n ) Q, wherein Q is a slow down factor;
the functional relationship between Bn and Pn in the step 4 is as follows:
wherein λ is a coefficient, m=μn, μ is an inert gas atomic magnetic moment, n is an inert gas atomic density, and κ 0 Mu, as spin-exchange enhancement factor 0 Is vacuum magnetic permeability.
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