CN110563968A - 一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110563968A
CN110563968A CN201910892947.0A CN201910892947A CN110563968A CN 110563968 A CN110563968 A CN 110563968A CN 201910892947 A CN201910892947 A CN 201910892947A CN 110563968 A CN110563968 A CN 110563968A
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秦刚
范利丹
杨佳
王一杰
张达
方潇焓
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:称取一定量的聚乙烯醇、槐豆胶和导电离子来源化合物在85~100℃和持续搅拌下溶于水中,并逐渐加入无机粒子,继续搅拌,直到形成均匀稳定溶液;将步骤(1)得到的溶液在‑20℃冷冻10~24h,然后在4℃~30℃解冻2~6h,作为一个冷冻‑解冻循环,循环1~10次后即得到所述的离子导电水凝胶;本发明提供的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,通过与槐豆胶复合,两种聚合物形成高分子网络,且通过氢键互相连接,可以显著提高力学性能。本发明可以通过简单共混的方法得到力学性能和电导率良好的导电水凝胶。操作简便,原料和加工成本低。

Description

一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,可以用于电池、超级电容器、传感器等领域。
背景技术
水凝胶是由能在水中溶胀却不能溶解的交联聚合物及其中包裹的水分子所构成的一类软材料,这类软材料具有含水量高、孔隙率大、生物相容性好等优势。从水凝胶的化学结构上来分析,高分子网络中含有亲水基团和疏水基团,其中亲水基团以氢键等方式与水分子结合,将水分子固定在网状结构内部,而疏水基团遇水则膨胀,因此水凝胶可以吸收并储存大量水分,从而维持一定的形状。水凝胶具有形态柔软且保持特定的形状,能吸收大量的水以及可改良的机械性能,同时具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性。因此,自20世纪50年代以来,水凝胶被广泛地应用于组织工程、药物释放、3D细胞培养、生物传感器等生物医药学领域。同时,水凝胶材料也可以被作为污水处理、传感器等应用。
导电水凝胶是一种新型水凝胶,兼备了水凝胶的三维网状结构、生物相容性和优异的电化学特性,可以应用于导电涂层、驱动器、传感器、化学阀、能源科学、生物医学工程等诸多领域。导电水凝胶具有多级孔洞的三维网状微结构,高的比表面积、高的电导率、简易通用的制备方法、优异的机械柔韧性以及可调控的化学和物理性质等诸多优点。因此在能量储存与转化、催化、传感器、生物材料科学以及智能材料科学等领域都具有广泛的应用价值。
随着科学技术的飞速发展,电子设备已经遍布人类生活的每个角落,与人类的生存和发展有着密不可分的联系。柔性电子设备具备柔软、可变形、质轻、便携、可大面积生产和应用等特点,被广泛地应用于生产和生活各个领域中,是工业生产和实验室研究的热点。柔性供能设备是柔性电子设备的核心部件,常用导电水凝胶作为超级电容器、镍氢电池等设备的电解质材料来提供柔性,但目前所用的导电水凝胶存在电导率低、力学性能没法满足要求的问题。
为了提高碱性聚合物电解质的综合性能,目前通常采用改善网络结构、共聚、共混、加入无机填料等方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有导电水凝胶pH值碱性和中性聚合物电解质力学性能差,难以满足便携式、穿戴式设备等问题,本发明提供一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,通过与槐豆胶复合,两种聚合物形成高分子网络,且通过氢键互相连接,可以显著提高力学性能。在凝胶体系中加入微米、纳米级无机颗粒,在其上附着高分子链,可以进一步提高力学性能,且无机颗粒的加入也可以增加凝胶的离子导电能力。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明利用聚乙烯醇、槐豆胶、导电离子来源化合物、无机粒子制备高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶,其步骤如下:
(1)称取一定量的聚乙烯醇、槐豆胶和导电离子来源化合物在85~100℃和持续搅拌下溶于水中,并逐渐加入无机粒子,继续搅拌,直到形成均匀稳定溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-20℃冷冻10~24h,然后在4℃~30℃解冻2~6h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环1~10次后即得到所述的离子导电水凝胶。
所述导电离子来源化合物选自下列化合物中的一种或多种:氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、四乙基氢氧化铵、硫酸锂、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化锂、硝酸钾、硝酸钠、硝酸锂。
进一步,所述导电离子来源化合物在离子导电水凝胶中的摩尔浓度为0.5~6mol/L。
进一步,所述无机粒子选自下列化合物中的一种或多种:氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化硅、硅酸铝锂、蒙脱土。
进一步,所述的无机粒子的直径范围为20纳米~200微米;
进一步,所述聚乙烯醇与水的质量比为5~25:100,槐豆胶与聚乙烯醇的质量比为3~30:100,无机粒子与聚乙烯醇的质量比为0.5~20:100。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,通过与槐豆胶复合,两种聚合物形成高分子网络,且通过氢键互相连接,可以显著提高力学性能。在凝胶体系中加入微米、纳米级无机颗粒,在其上附着高分子链,可以进一步提高力学性能,且无机颗粒的加入也可以增加凝胶的离子导电能力。本发明可以通过简单共混的方法得到力学性能和电导率良好的导电水凝胶。操作简便,原料和加工成本低。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明做进一步说明。应理解,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
本实施例的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)称取10g聚乙烯醇、3g槐豆胶和0.05mol氢氧化钾在100℃溶于100g水中,并逐渐加入0.05g二氧化钛,搅拌4h,形成均匀稳定溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-20℃冷冻10h,然后在4℃解冻2h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环6次后得到离子导电水凝胶。
所得离子导电水凝胶的电导率为0.022S/cm,拉伸强度为0.31MPa,断裂伸长率为4.6mm/mm。
实施例2
本实施例的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)称取15g聚乙烯醇、1.5g槐豆胶和0.6mol硫酸钠在85℃溶于100g水中,并逐渐加入1.5g二氧化硅,搅拌3h,形成均匀稳定溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-20℃冷冻24h,然后在20℃解冻6h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环10次后得到离子导电水凝胶。
所得离子导电水凝胶的电导率为0.12S/cm,拉伸强度为0.6MPa,断裂伸长率为6.7mm/mm。
实施例3
本实施例的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)称取20g聚乙烯醇、2g槐豆胶和0.3mol氯化钾在95℃溶于100g水中,并逐渐加入4g硅酸铝锂,搅拌3.5h,形成均匀稳定溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-18℃冷冻20h,然后在30℃解冻4h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环1次后得到离子导电水凝胶。
所得离子导电水凝胶的电导率为0.063S/cm,拉伸强度为0.08MPa,断裂伸长率为2.2mm/mm。
实施例4
本实施例的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)称取25g聚乙烯醇、0.75g槐豆胶和0.5mol硝酸锂在90℃溶于100g水中,并逐渐加入2g蒙脱土,搅拌2h,形成均匀稳定溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-15℃冷冻18h,然后在4℃解冻4h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环5次后得到离子导电水凝胶。
所得离子导电水凝胶的电导率为0.048S/cm,拉伸强度为0.79MPa,断裂伸长率为8.5mm/mm。
实施例5
本实施例的高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)称取15g聚乙烯醇、1.8g槐豆胶和0.2mol氢氧化钠在90℃溶于100g水中,并逐渐加入2.5g氧化铝,搅拌3h,形成均匀稳定溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-20℃冷冻15h,然后在10℃解冻5h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环8次后得到离子导电水凝胶。
所得离子导电水凝胶的电导率为0.095S/cm,拉伸强度为1.6MPa,断裂伸长率为10.8mm/mm。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (6)

1.一种高强高拉伸的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
(1)称取一定量的聚乙烯醇、槐豆胶和导电离子来源化合物在85~100℃和持续搅拌下溶于水中,并逐渐加入无机粒子,继续搅拌,直到形成均匀稳定溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的溶液在-15~-20℃冷冻10~24h,然后在4℃~30℃解冻2~6h,作为一个冷冻-解冻循环,循环1~10次后即得到所述的离子导电水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中导电离子来源化合物选自氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、四乙基氢氧化铵、硫酸锂、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化锂、硝酸钾、硝酸钠或硝酸锂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述导电离子来源化合物在离子导电水凝胶中的摩尔浓度为0.5~6mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中无机粒子选自氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化硅、硅酸铝锂或蒙脱土中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述无机粒子的直径范围为20纳米~200微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的离子导电水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯醇与水的质量比为(5~25):100,槐豆胶与聚乙烯醇的质量比为(3~30):100,无机粒子与聚乙烯醇的质量比为(0.5~20):100。
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