CN110561282B - Reinforcing agent for grinding wheel, reinforced grinding wheel and preparation method - Google Patents
Reinforcing agent for grinding wheel, reinforced grinding wheel and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110561282B CN110561282B CN201810574887.3A CN201810574887A CN110561282B CN 110561282 B CN110561282 B CN 110561282B CN 201810574887 A CN201810574887 A CN 201810574887A CN 110561282 B CN110561282 B CN 110561282B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/005—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used during pre- or after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel, a reinforced grinding wheel and a preparation method, wherein the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 88-94 parts of alumina sol and NH4H2PO45 to 9 parts and H3BO33-5 parts. After the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is used for dipping the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel generally needs to be dried to accelerate the removal of water in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, and the temperature rises during drying, NH4H2PO4The hydrolysis degree is improved, the acidity of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is increased, the stability of the aluminum sol is reduced, and the aluminum sol is Al (OH)3Is precipitated in the form of Al (OH)3And NH4H2PO4The aluminum phosphate cement is generated through hydration reaction and filled in the air holes of the grinding wheel to reinforce the grinding wheel, so that the strength of the grinding wheel can be improved, the breakage of the grinding wheel can be prevented without using a ceramic bonding agent with a high proportion, and the problems of deformation, foaming, cracking and the like of the grinding wheel caused by using the ceramic bonding agent with the high proportion are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding wheel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel, a reinforced grinding wheel and a preparation method.
Background
The grinding wheel is a tool which is the most widely used in grinding tools, and mainly performs rough grinding, semi-rough grinding, fine grinding, grooving, cutting and other treatments on the molded surface of a metal or nonmetal bow and arrow, and is in a high-speed rotating state when in use, and needs to bear large impact force, so that the grinding wheel has high requirements on strength, impact resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. The grinding wheel is a porous body mainly prepared by pressing, drying and roasting an abrasive and a binding agent; the abrasive materials are various in types, and generally, the abrasive materials have good hardness and certain toughness, so that the strength, impact resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the grinding wheel are mainly determined by the bonding agent. The common bonding agents comprise resin bonding agents, ceramic bonding agents, rubber bonding agents and metal bonding agents, different bonding agents have different characteristics, and in practical application, the corresponding bonding agents are selected according to the use conditions of the grinding wheel workpiece, so that the bonding firmness of the grinding materials is enhanced, the strength of the grinding tool is improved, and the grinding performance is improved. The grinding wheel prepared from the ceramic bond is easy to break in the grinding process due to the fact that the grinding wheel is made of brittle materials. The traditional solution is that the content of the binding agent is increased when the ceramic binding agent grinding wheel is prepared, and the binding strength of the binding agent to the grinding material is enhanced, so that the overall strength of the grinding wheel is improved, and the grinding wheel is prevented from being broken. However, at the sintering temperature, the vitrified bond in the grinding wheel is in a molten liquid state, so that the content of the vitrified bond in the vitrified bond grinding wheel is increased, the liquid phase content in the grinding wheel sintering process is high, on one hand, the sintering deformation of the grinding wheel is large, the machining allowance of the sintered grinding wheel is large, the preparation cost is high, on the other hand, the excessive liquid phase can fill the gap between the grinding material and the grinding material, the discharge of reaction gas in the grinding wheel sintering process is influenced, the grinding wheel is easy to crack and foam, and the yield of the grinding wheel preparation is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel, a reinforced grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of how to enhance the strength of a vitrified bond grinding wheel and prevent cracking.
The invention provides a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
88-94 parts of alumina sol and NH4H2PO45 to 9 parts and H3BO33-5 parts.
In one embodiment, the aluminum sol is industrial aluminum sol, and the solid content of the industrial aluminum sol is 13% -17%.
In one embodiment, the wheel is stored refrigerated using the strengthening agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
taking the formula amount of aluminum sol and H3BO3Mixing, adding NH with formula amount4H2PO4And mixing to obtain the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel.
The invention also provides a reinforced grinding wheel, which is subjected to impregnation treatment by the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel after being sintered.
In one embodiment, the grinding wheel is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of ceramic bond, 50-60 parts of white corundum, 20-30 parts of zirconium corundum, 3-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 2-3 parts of water.
In one embodiment, the ceramic bond is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of boron glass powder, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 5-10 parts of bauxite, 20-30 parts of quartz powder and 10-20 parts of feldspar powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reinforced grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
proportioning, namely weighing and mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to prepare a grinding wheel blank;
pressing the grinding wheel blank into a compact, and preparing a grinding wheel blank;
sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel;
and (3) reinforcing, namely placing the grinding wheel in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel for dipping treatment, and drying after dipping treatment to prepare the reinforced grinding wheel.
In one embodiment, in the reinforcing step, the impregnation treatment is performed in a closed container, and the vacuum degree during the impregnation treatment is 1-10-2Pa, and the dipping treatment time is 10-15 min.
In one embodiment, in the reinforcing step, the drying treatment is to dry the grinding wheel after the dipping treatment at a temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 h, and cool the grinding wheel at room temperature for 144-168 h to obtain the reinforced grinding wheel.
The reinforcing agent for grinding wheel, alumina sol and NH4H2PO4And H3BO3Mixing the components according to a certain proportion to obtain the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel. [ BO ] in reinforcing agents for grinding wheels at relatively low temperatures3]3-The aluminum sol is preferentially adsorbed in a diffusion layer outside an aluminum sol gel core, and the gel core of the aluminum sol is difficult to contact with phosphate radical due to the action of electrostatic repulsion force, so that the stability of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is ensured; after the grinding wheel is dipped, the grinding wheel generally needs to be dried to accelerate the removal of water in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, the temperature rises during drying, and NH is generated4H2PO4The hydrolysis degree is improved, the acidity of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is increased, the stability of the aluminum sol is reduced, and the aluminum sol is Al (OH)3Is precipitated in the form of Al (OH)3And NH4H2PO4The aluminum phosphate cement is generated through hydration reaction and filled in the air holes of the grinding wheel to reinforce the grinding wheel, so that the strength of the grinding wheel can be improved, the breakage of the grinding wheel can be prevented without using a ceramic bonding agent with a high proportion, and the problems of deformation, foaming, cracking and the like of the grinding wheel caused by using the ceramic bonding agent with the high proportion are avoided.
Further, H3BO3Not only as a stabilizer for reinforcing agent of grinding wheel, but also as alumina sol and NH4H2PO4Isolating and lubricating. Alumina sol and NH4H2PO4H in reinforcing agent for grinding wheel after formation of aluminum phosphate cement3BO3Will be present in the grinding wheel structure in the form of small particles, H3BO3 is a lamellar structure, has good lubricating effect, realizes the self-lubrication of the grinding wheel, can effectively reduce the grinding force of the grinding wheel in the grinding process and obtains a processed surface with higher surface smoothness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a grinding wheel according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of the microstructure of the grinding wheel of the first embodiment of the invention after sintering;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the sintered microstructure of a grinding wheel according to a comparative example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of the microstructure of the grinding wheel after reinforcement according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a surface roughness profile of a gear ground by a reinforcing grinding wheel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
88-94 parts of alumina sol and NH4H2PO45 to 9 parts and H3BO33-5 parts.
The reinforcing agent for grinding wheel, alumina sol and NH4H2PO4And H3BO3Mixing the components according to a certain proportion to obtain the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel. [ BO ] in reinforcing agents for grinding wheels at relatively low temperatures3]3-The aluminum sol is preferentially adsorbed in a diffusion layer outside an aluminum sol gel core, and the gel core of the aluminum sol is difficult to contact with phosphate radical due to the action of electrostatic repulsion force, so that the stability of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is ensured; after the grinding wheel is dipped, the grinding wheel generally needs to be dried to accelerate the removal of water in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, the temperature rises during drying, and NH is generated4H2PO4The degree of hydrolysis is improved, and the grinding wheelThe acidity of the reinforcing agent is increased, the stability of the aluminum sol is reduced, and the aluminum sol is Al (OH)3Is precipitated in the form of Al (OH)3And NH4H2PO4The aluminum phosphate cement is generated through hydration reaction, the aluminum phosphate cement is high in condensation speed and strength, the aluminum phosphate cement is filled in air holes of the grinding wheel to reinforce the grinding wheel, the strength of the grinding wheel can be improved without using a high proportion of ceramic bond, the breakage of the grinding wheel can be prevented, and the problems of deformation, foaming, cracking and the like of the grinding wheel caused by using the high proportion of ceramic bond are avoided.
Further, H3BO3 not only acts as a stabilizer for a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel and isolates an alumina sol from NH4H2PO4, but also has a lubricating effect. Alumina sol and NH4H2PO4H in reinforcing agent for grinding wheel after formation of aluminum phosphate cement3BO3Will be present in the grinding wheel structure in the form of small particles H3BO3The grinding wheel is of a lamellar structure, has good lubricating effect, realizes self-lubrication of the grinding wheel, can effectively reduce the grinding force of the grinding wheel in the grinding process, and obtains a processed surface with higher surface smoothness.
As an optional embodiment, the aluminum sol is an industrial aluminum sol, and the solid content of the industrial aluminum sol is 13% to 17%, and more preferably, the solid content of the industrial aluminum sol is 15%.
Industrial alumina sol with solid content of 13-17% is selected, the proportion of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate after partial hydrolysis of the alumina sol is proper, and the generated aluminum phosphate cement is used for filling pores in the grinding wheel, so that the grinding wheel is well reinforced.
Alternatively, NH4H2PO4And H3BO3Is of industrial grade.
As an alternative embodiment, the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is stored in a refrigerated state. Preferably, the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is stored in a refrigeration way at 4 +/-1 ℃ for standby. [ BO ] in strengthening agent at lower temperature3]3-Can be preferentially adsorbed in a diffusion layer outside the aluminum sol gel core, and the aluminum sol gel core is difficult to contact with phosphate radical due to the action of electrostatic repulsion force, thereby ensuring the reinforcement of the grinding wheelStability of the agent. In addition, although the reinforcing agent for grinding wheels has high stability at a relatively low temperature, the temperature should not be too low, and if the temperature is too low, the reinforcing agent for grinding wheels is frozen, which is not favorable for the stable existence and later use of the reinforcing agent for grinding wheels. By comprehensively considering the factors, the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is suitable for being refrigerated and stored for later use at the temperature of 4 +/-1 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
taking the formula amount of aluminum sol and H3BO3Mixing, adding NH with formula amount4H2PO4And mixing to obtain the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel.
Optionally, a certain weight part of industrial alumina sol is firstly measured, and a corresponding amount of H is added according to the formula ratio3BO3Stirring for 0.5-1.0 h at a stirring speed of 2000 rpm, and then adding NH in proportion4H2PO4Stirring for 0.5-1.0 h at the stirring speed of 2000 rpm, filling the prepared reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel into a closed container, and then putting the container into a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
Firstly, the aluminium sol and H are mixed3BO3Mixing under stirring H3BO3[ BO ] of3]3-Can be preferentially adsorbed in a diffusion layer outside an alumina sol nucleus and then is mixed with NH4H2PO4When mixed, due to [ BO3]3-Under the action of electrostatic repulsion force, the colloidal core of the aluminum sol is difficult to contact with phosphate radical, so that the stability of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel can be further ensured.
The invention also provides a reinforced grinding wheel, which is subjected to impregnation treatment by the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel after being sintered. After the grinding wheel is soaked by adopting the grinding wheel reinforcing agent, the grinding wheel generally needs to be dried to accelerate the removal of water in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, and the temperature rises during drying, NH4H2PO4The hydrolysis degree is improved, the acidity of the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is increased, the stability of the aluminum sol is reduced, and the aluminum sol is Al (OH)3Is precipitated in the form of Al (OH)3And NH4H2PO4The aluminum phosphate cement is generated through hydration reaction, the aluminum phosphate cement is high in condensation speed and strength, the aluminum phosphate cement is filled in air holes of the grinding wheel to reinforce the grinding wheel, the strength of the grinding wheel can be improved without using a high proportion of ceramic bond, the breakage of the grinding wheel can be prevented, and the problems of deformation, foaming, cracking and the like of the grinding wheel caused by using the high proportion of ceramic bond are avoided.
As an optional implementation mode, the grinding wheel is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-15 parts of ceramic bond, 50-60 parts of white corundum, 20-30 parts of zirconium corundum, 3-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 2-3 parts of water. According to the grinding wheel prepared by adopting the raw materials in parts by weight, the using amount of the ceramic bond is 12-15%, and compared with the traditional method that the using amount proportion of the ceramic bond is not high, the liquid phase in the sintering process of a grinding wheel blank is not much, so that deformation or foaming is not easy to generate after sintering.
As an optional embodiment, the ceramic bond is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of boron glass powder, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 5-10 parts of bauxite, 20-30 parts of quartz powder and 10-20 parts of feldspar powder. Optionally, the particle size of the boron glass powder, kaolin, bauxite, quartz powder and feldspar powder is less than or equal to 5 μm for better mixing and improved adhesion of the binder. The vitrified bond is specially used in the grinding wheel, preferably in the reinforced grinding wheel proposed by the invention; more preferably in a gear grinding wheel. The iron-based gear is a common part in modern industry and widely applied to the mechanical manufacturing industry, and the final processing procedure of the iron-based gear for high-end use at present adopts a special ceramic bond gear grinding wheel to grind the gear, so that the processing precision and the surface finish of the gear can be improved. The ceramic bond disclosed by the invention is high in toughness, can realize a good bonding effect on an abrasive material by using a small amount (12-15%), improves the strength of a die, can reduce or eliminate the adhesion of abrasive dust generated in a grinding process, improves the grinding efficiency, can be well soaked and filled when a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel is soaked in a porous structure formed after the grinding wheel is sintered, can be used for producing aluminum phosphate cement stone by reaction in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel to be well reinforced, can effectively improve the overall strength of the grinding wheel even under the conditions that the gear hardness is more than 55 and the stress of the grinding wheel is large, and can avoid the grinding wheel from being broken.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing the reinforced grinding wheel, including the following steps:
s100, proportioning, namely weighing and mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
s200, compacting, namely pressing and forming the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
s300, sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel;
s400, carrying out primary processing on the grinding wheel, and removing the surface of the sintered grinding wheel.
S500, reinforcing, namely placing the grinding wheel in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel for dipping treatment, and drying after dipping treatment to obtain the reinforced grinding wheel.
According to the preparation method of the reinforced grinding wheel, after the grinding wheel is reinforced by the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, the aluminum phosphate cement generated by the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel can be filled in the air holes of the grinding wheel, the aluminum phosphate cement is high in condensation speed and strength, the reinforcing effect on the grinding wheel can be realized, the strength of the grinding wheel can be improved without using a ceramic bond with a high proportion, the breakage of the grinding wheel can be prevented, and the problems of deformation, foaming, cracking and the like of the grinding wheel caused by using the ceramic bond with the high proportion are avoided.
Optionally, in step S100, the raw materials of the ceramic bond are uniformly mixed according to a formula ratio under a ball milling condition, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball-to-material ratio is 1:1, and the diameter of the ball stone is 5 cm; the ball milling jar has the diameter of 600 mm, the rotating speed of 50-80 rpm and the ball milling time of 2-3 h, so that the ceramic bonding agent which is uniformly mixed is obtained. And further mixing the raw materials of the grinding wheel uniformly under a ball milling condition according to a formula ratio, wherein the ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of a ball milling jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 50-80 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1-2 h, so that a uniformly mixed grinding wheel blank is obtained.
Alternatively, in step S200, a phase is selected according to the specification of the reinforcing grinding wheel to be formedWeighing a certain mass of grinding wheel blank into a die, and pressurizing and molding the grinding wheel blank, wherein the grinding wheel blank is molded by a fixed die, and the molding density is 2.3-2.4 g/cm3Maintaining the pressure for 1 min, releasing the pressure, demolding, horizontally placing the molded gear blank on a SiC shed plate, placing at room temperature for 48 hours, and then placing in a 70 ℃ oven for drying for 24 hours to obtain the grinding wheel blank.
Optionally, in step S300, the grinding wheel blank is placed into a down-draft kiln, the temperature is raised to 400-500 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 4-6 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 1-2 hours, the temperature is raised to 1200-1280 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 3-4 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained for 4-6 hours, the grinding wheel is naturally cooled in the kiln after the kiln is closed, a furnace door is opened for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 200 ℃, and the grinding wheel is taken out of the kiln when the furnace temperature is lower than 70 ℃ to obtain the sintered grinding wheel.
As an optional embodiment, in step S400, the sintered grinding wheel is clamped on a tool grinding machine, a metal bond disc type diamond grinding wheel is used to process the hard skin on the surface of the sintered gear grinding wheel, the diameter of the diamond disc type grinding wheel is 120-150 mm, the working speed is 8-12 m/S, the rotation speed of the gear grinding wheel is 20-30 m/S, the rotation direction of the diamond grinding wheel and the rotation direction of the grinding wheel are opposite, the surface processing amount of the grinding wheel is 1.0-1.5 mm, and the surface with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 mm of the sintered grinding wheel is removed, so that the hard skin generated on the surface of the grinding wheel due to sintering can be removed, the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel can be favorably immersed into the grinding wheel, and the impregnation efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, because the ceramic bond adopted by the invention has a low proportion, and the liquid phase is less during sintering, the grinding wheel is not easy to deform, the thickness of the surface to be cleaned is less in step S400, the machining allowance is small, and the preparation cost is reduced.
Optionally, the dipping treatment in step S500 is performed in a closed container, the grinding wheel is completely immersed in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel for dipping, the dipping treatment is performed by vacuum pumping, and the vacuum degree is 1-10-2And Pa, keeping the pressure for 10-15 min, opening the closed container after pressure relief, and taking out the impregnated grinding wheel. Further, the drying treatment in the step S500 is to dry the grinding wheel after the dipping treatment at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 h, cool the grinding wheel at room temperature and place the grinding wheel for 144-168 h to obtain the reinforced grinding wheel.
Example 1
The preparation method comprises the steps of weighing boron glass powder, kaolin, bauxite, quartz powder and feldspar powder according to the mass ratio of 25:25:5:25:20, and then uniformly mixing under the condition of ball milling. The ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 5cm, the diameter of the ball jar is 600 mm, the rotating speed is 60 rpm, and the ball milling time is 2.5 hours, so that the ceramic bonding agent which is uniformly mixed is obtained.
Ceramic bond, No. 60 white corundum, No. 80 zirconium corundum, carboxymethyl cellulose and water are weighed according to the mass ratio of 12:50:30:5:3 and then are uniformly mixed under the condition of ball milling. The ball stone is corundum balls, the ball material ratio is 1:1, the diameter of the ball stone is 2 cm, the diameter of the ball jar is 500 mm, the rotating speed is 60 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h, so that the grinding wheel blank which is uniformly mixed is obtained.
Selecting a corresponding die according to the specification of the grinding wheel to be formed, weighing a certain mass of grinding wheel blank, putting the grinding wheel blank into the die, and carrying out pressure forming, wherein the grinding wheel is formed by adopting a fixed die, and the forming density is 2.3 g/cm3Maintaining the pressure for 1 min, releasing the pressure, demolding, horizontally placing the formed grinding wheel biscuit on a SiC shed plate, placing the grinding wheel biscuit for 48 hours at room temperature, and then placing the grinding wheel biscuit in an oven at 70 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
And (3) placing the grinding wheel blank into a down-draft kiln, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-2 h, heating to 1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 h, closing the kiln, naturally cooling the grinding wheel in the kiln, opening a furnace door for cooling when the furnace temperature is lower than 200 ℃, and taking the grinding wheel out of the kiln when the furnace temperature is lower than 70 ℃ to obtain the sintered grinding wheel.
Clamping the sintered grinding wheel on a tool grinding machine, and processing the hard skin on the surface of the sintered grinding wheel by using a metal bond disc type diamond grinding wheel, wherein the diameter of the diamond disc type grinding wheel is 150mm, the working rotating speed is 12 m/s, the rotating speed of the gear grinding wheel is 30 m/s, the directions of the diamond grinding wheel and the gear grinding wheel are opposite, and the surface processing amount of the grinding wheel is 1.5 mm.
Preparation of reinforcing agent for grinding wheel
Mixing industrial aluminum sol: NH (NH)4H2PO4：H3BO3Weighing the industrial alumina sol and H according to the mass ratio of 90:7:33BO3At 2000 rpStirring for 1 h at a stirring speed of m, and adding NH4H2PO4Stirring is continuously carried out for 0.5 h at the stirring speed of 2000 rpm, and the prepared reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is put into a closed plastic container and then is put into a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ for standby.
And (3) putting the processed grinding wheel into a dipping container, pouring the prepared reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel, and completely submerging the grinding wheel by using the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel. And (3) sealing the container, vacuumizing, keeping the pressure for 15 min when the vacuum degree reaches 10-1Pa, then releasing the pressure, opening the container, taking out the impregnated grinding wheel, putting the impregnated grinding wheel into a 70 ℃ oven for heat preservation for 5 h, taking out the impregnated grinding wheel, and standing at room temperature for 168 h to obtain the reinforced grinding wheel.
Comparative example 1
A grinding wheel was produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the vitrified bond, the white corundum 60#, the zirconia corundum 80#, the carboxymethyl cellulose and the water were in a mass ratio of 25:50:30:5:3 and the grinding wheel was not subjected to the impregnation treatment with the reinforcing agent.
The method for preparing the reinforced grinding wheel adopts lower content of the ceramic bond, and prepares the ceramic bond grinding wheel by a dry pressing forming pressureless sintering method, because the content of the ceramic bond in the grinding wheel is lower, the content of a liquid phase is less during sintering, the organization structure after sintering is shown as figure 2, the organization result after sintering is uniform, and the foaming phenomenon shown as figure 3 cannot be generated during sintering unlike the grinding wheel with high content of the bond in comparative example 1. Further, soaking reinforcing agent into the pores of the grinding wheel by vacuum impregnation, soaking the reinforcing agent in the grinding wheel, and keeping the temperature of the grinding wheel at 70 ℃ to obtain NH4H2PO4And Al (OH)3The aluminum phosphate cement is generated through hydration reaction and filled in the air holes of the grinding wheel, the secondary reinforcing effect is achieved on the grinding wheel, the fracture appearance of the grinding wheel is as shown in figure 4, the fracture appearance is compact and fine, and the bending strength of the grinding wheel reaches 106 MPa. Further, H in the reinforcing agent3BO3The particles exist in the grinding wheel tissue in the form of small particles and have good lubricating effect, and as shown in figure 5, the surface smoothness of the gear ground by the grinding wheel prepared in the first embodiment can reach Ra0.25 mu m.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
88-94 parts of alumina sol and NH4H2PO45 to 9 parts and H3BO33-5 parts.
2. The reinforcing agent for grinding wheels as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum sol is an industrial aluminum sol, and the solid content of the industrial aluminum sol is 13% to 17%.
3. A strengthening agent for grinding wheel as defined in claim 1, wherein said strengthening agent for grinding wheel is stored under refrigeration.
4. A method for producing a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
taking the formula amount of aluminum sol and H3BO3Mixing, adding NH with formula amount4H2PO4And mixing to obtain the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel.
5. A reinforced grinding wheel, characterized in that the grinding wheel is impregnated with a reinforcing agent for a grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 after sintering.
6. The grinding wheel according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made of raw materials comprising, in parts by weight:
12-15 parts of ceramic bond, 50-60 parts of white corundum, 20-30 parts of zirconium corundum, 3-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 2-3 parts of water.
7. The grinding wheel of claim 6, wherein the vitrified bond is made from raw materials comprising, by weight: 20-30 parts of boron glass powder, 20-25 parts of kaolin, 5-10 parts of bauxite, 20-30 parts of quartz powder and 10-20 parts of feldspar powder.
8. A method of manufacturing a reinforced grinding wheel for use in manufacturing a reinforced grinding wheel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising the steps of:
proportioning, namely weighing and mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to prepare a grinding wheel blank;
pressing the grinding wheel blank into a compact, and preparing a grinding wheel blank;
sintering, namely sintering the grinding wheel blank to obtain a grinding wheel;
and (3) reinforcing, namely placing the grinding wheel in the reinforcing agent for the grinding wheel for dipping treatment, and drying after dipping treatment to prepare the reinforced grinding wheel.
9. The method for producing a reinforcing grinding wheel according to claim 8, wherein in the reinforcing step, the dipping treatment is performed in a closed vessel, and the degree of vacuum in the dipping treatment is 1 to 10-2Pa, and the dipping treatment time is 10-15 min.
10. The method for preparing a reinforcing grinding wheel according to claim 8, wherein in the reinforcing step, the drying treatment is drying the grinding wheel after dipping treatment at a temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 4-6 h, and cooling and placing at room temperature for 144-168 h to obtain the reinforcing grinding wheel.
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