CN108247553B - Preparation method of wear-resistant artificial oilstone - Google Patents
Preparation method of wear-resistant artificial oilstone Download PDFInfo
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- CN108247553B CN108247553B CN201711489118.5A CN201711489118A CN108247553B CN 108247553 B CN108247553 B CN 108247553B CN 201711489118 A CN201711489118 A CN 201711489118A CN 108247553 B CN108247553 B CN 108247553B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/0675—Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an abrasive tool, in particular to a method for preparing a wear-resistant artificial oilstone. The invention takes silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and boric acid as main raw materials, ball-milling powder is processed to obtain ceramic bond fragments, the ceramic bond fragments are ball-milled, dried and sieved to obtain ceramic bond powder, rice hull ash is taken as a raw material, palm wax and pericarp are added, fermenting in ammonia atmosphere to obtain fermented residue, mixing fermented residue with diamond particles to obtain rigid powder, calcining to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, mixing with additives such as magnesite powder and white corundum to obtain sintered material, placing the sintered material into graphite mold, treating to obtain wear-resistant artificial oilstone, during the fermentation process of the rice hull ash, nitrogen in ammonia gas is fixed in fermentation filter residues through the microbial decay action in the peel, so that the wear resistance of the artificial oilstone and the grinding effect on high-hardness materials are improved, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an abrasive tool, in particular to a method for preparing a wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
Background
The oilstone is a strip-shaped bonded abrasive tool made of abrasive materials, bonding agents and the like, and is usually lubricated by oil when in use, so the oilstone is named as the oilstone. The whetstone is generally used for manually grinding cutters and parts, and can be clamped on a machine tool for honing (also called boring and grinding, which means a method for polishing the surface of a workpiece at a low cutting speed by using the honing whetstone embedded in a honing head, and is a special form of grinding, mainly processing various cylindrical holes with the diameter of 5-500 mm or even larger, and the ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter can reach 10 or more) and superfinishing.
The natural oilstone is processed from natural quartzite with fine texture and grinding and polishing capability, and is suitable for manual precision grinding in the manufacturing industries of precision machinery, clocks, tools and the like. Artificial oilstones are mainly classified into two types of structures due to the different abrasives used: 1. the base-free oilstone is made of corundum or silicon carbide abrasive and bonding agent; 2. the whetstone with base body is made of diamond or cubic boron nitride abrasive and binding agent.
The artificial oilstone is generally prepared based on a hot-pressing sintering process, and the specific process flow is as follows: 1. mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing the needed superhard abrasive and the bonding agent powder in equipment such as a three-dimensional vortex mixer and the like to obtain powder to be sintered; 2. selecting a proper graphite mold according to the size of the oilstone, after the graphite mold is assembled, adding required single-weight powder to be sintered into a cavity of the graphite mold, uniformly flattening the powder, and then covering an upper mold pressing plate (the contact surface of the upper pressing plate and the powder is a plane); 3. placing the mold to be sintered on a hot-pressing sintering machine, and sintering according to a set sintering process (sintering temperature and sintering pressure) to obtain an oilstone blank; 4. and (5) performing finish machining on the oilstone blank to obtain a final product. The artificial oilstone has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, long service life, strong self-sharpening property, no blockage, no need of finishing and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of engineering and mining machinery, energy chemical industry, electronic and electric products, aerospace, vehicles, ships and the like.
The artificial oilstone in the prior art generally has the defects of no sharpness and no wear resistance due to the single grinding characteristic, and has certain limitation on the use because the grinding effect of some difficult-to-process materials (such as pig iron and the like) is not ideal. In addition, the existing oilstone manufacturing process contains more impurities, so that the oilstone is easy to have insufficient bonding degree, poor strength and hardness, easy to break and the like.
Therefore, there is a need for an artificial oilstone that addresses the performance issues discussed above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a wear-resistant artificial oilstone aiming at the defect that the grinding effect on difficult-to-process materials such as pig iron and the like is poor due to insufficient bonding degree of the conventional prepared artificial oilstone.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of wear-resistant artificial oilstone is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) according to the weight parts, 20-25 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of aluminum oxide, 30-35 parts of calcium carbonate, 15-20 parts of zirconium oxide, 10-12 parts of sodium carbonate, 10-15 parts of potassium carbonate, 8-10 parts of aluminum carbonate and 40-50 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls are added, and ball milling is carried out to obtain ball milling powder;
(2) pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating, keeping the temperature to obtain a molten binder, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten binder into an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water, collecting ceramic binder fragments, mixing the ceramic binder fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuously ball-milling to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a holding tray, placing the holding tray into an oven, heating, drying, placing the ball-milling slurry into a mortar for grinding, sieving to obtain ceramic binder powder, and placing the ceramic binder powder into a sealing bag for storage;
(3) igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, putting the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, and sieving to obtain rice hull ash powder, putting 50-55 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 30-40 parts of palm wax and 10-15 parts of fresh grape skin in a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia gas into the fermentation tank, sealing and standing to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues;
(4) mixing the diamond particles with the fermentation filter residues to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating and sintering to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder;
(5) according to the weight parts, putting 75-80 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 20-25 parts of ceramic bond powder, 10-15 parts of 200-300-mesh magnesium ore powder, 15-20 parts of white corundum, 40-50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of walnut shell powder and 30-40 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar for grinding and standing to obtain powder to be sintered;
(6) and putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering, demolding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into an oven, heating to raise the temperature, and drying to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
The diameter of the corundum ball in the step (1) is 30-50 mm, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 80-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 30-35 min.
The temperature after heating and temperature rising in the step (2) is 1300-1350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-40 min, the water quenching time is 3-4 min, the ball milling time is continued for 20-24 h, the ball milling rotating speed is controlled to be 40-60 r/min, the temperature after heating and temperature rising in an oven is 120-130 ℃, the drying time is 3-4 h, the grinding time in a mortar is 40-45 min, and the screened specification is 180 meshes.
The screened specification of the step (3) is 200-300 meshes, the ammonia gas is filled into the fermentation tank in a volume of 1/2-2/3, and the sealing and standing time is 8-10 days.
The granularity of the diamond particles in the step (4) is 80-100 meshes, the mass ratio of the diamond particles to the fermentation filter residues is 4: 1, and the heating, temperature-rising and sintering process in a muffle furnace is as follows: the temperature is increased to 100-130 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 30-45 min, the temperature is increased to 700-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 40-45 min.
And (5) grinding in the mortar for 30-40 min, and standing for 3-4 h.
The hot-pressing sintering conditions in the step (6) are as follows: and hot-pressing and sintering at 1450-1550 ℃ for 2-3 h under the pressure of 10-12 MPa, heating in an oven to raise the temperature to 70-80 ℃, and drying for 20-24 h to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method comprises the steps of taking silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and boric acid as main raw materials, performing ball milling to obtain ball milling powder, putting the ball milling powder into a crucible furnace, performing melting, drainage and water quenching to obtain ceramic bond fragments, performing ball milling, drying and sieving on the ceramic bond fragments to obtain ceramic bond powder, taking rice hull ash as a raw material, adding carnauba wax and pericarp, performing fermentation in an ammonia atmosphere, and performing fermentation in the ammonia atmosphereFiltering and separating to obtain fermented filter residue, mixing the fermented filter residue with diamond particles to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder into a muffle furnace to be roasted to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, mixing the diamond-silicon carbide composite powder with additives such as magnesite powder, white corundum, walnut shell powder and the like to obtain a material to be sintered, finally placing the material to be sintered into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering, demolding and drying to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone. After the ceramic bond and the diamond-silicon carbide composite powder are mixed, in the high-temperature sintering process, because the diamond abrasive has poor thermal stability, the diamond abrasive can be oxidized in the air atmosphere, the graphite transformation is easy to occur in the protective atmosphere, simultaneously, the diamond is an atomic crystal, and sp is formed between atoms3The hybrid orbit forms a bond, and the crystal interface energy is high, so that the interface bonding capability of the diamond abrasive and the ceramic bond is enhanced, and the bonding capability and the wear resistance inside the oilstone are improved.
(2) In the process of preparing the diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, the fermentation filter residue containing the rice hull ash is reduced and carbonized on the surface of the diamond to form compact silicon carbide on the surface of the diamond, the diamond is in a liquid state at the sintering temperature, when the diamond is filled in capillary micropores between the composite powder, the densification of the oilstone is promoted, certain air holes are remained in the oilstone in the forming and sintering process, the air hole rate begins to rise along with the addition of the bonding agent, and in the grinding process of the air holes, on one hand, the air holes are filled with a cooling agent and grinding fluid to carry the cooling agent and the grinding fluid to a grinding area, so that the cooling and lubricating effects on the grinding of the oilstone are achieved, the grinding force and the grinding heat are reduced, the processing quality of the surface of a workpiece is improved, the service life of the oilstone is prolonged, on the other hand, the air holes can contain grinding chips, the cutting rate of the, the invention improves the holding force of the binding agent in the artificial oilstone to the grinding material by proper porosity, thereby improving the wear resistance of the artificial oilstone and the grinding effect on high-hardness materials, and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
According to the weight parts, 20-25 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of aluminum oxide, 30-35 parts of calcium carbonate, 15-20 parts of zirconium oxide, 10-12 parts of sodium carbonate, 10-15 parts of potassium carbonate, 8-10 parts of aluminum carbonate and 40-50 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls with the diameter of 30-50 mm are added, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 80-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 30-35 min, so that ball milling powder is obtained; pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating to 1300-1350 ℃, preserving heat for 30-40 min to obtain a molten binder, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten binder to an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water for 3-4 min, collecting ceramic binder fragments, mixing the ceramic binder fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuously milling for 20-24 h, controlling the ball-milling rotation speed to be 40-60 r/min to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a material containing tray, placing the material containing tray into an oven, heating to 120-130 ℃, drying for 3-4 h, placing the material into a mortar, grinding for 40-45 min, sieving with a 180-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic binder powder, and filling the ceramic binder powder into a sealing bag for storage; igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, placing the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, sieving the ground rice hulls with a 200-300-mesh sieve to obtain rice hull ash powder, putting 50-55 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 30-40 parts of palm wax and 10-15 parts of fresh grape skin into a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia gas with the volume of 1/2-2/3 of the fermentation tank into the fermentation tank, standing the fermentation tank for 8-10 days in a sealed manner to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues; mixing 80-100-mesh diamond particles and fermentation filter residues according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 100-130 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-45 min, continuously heating to 700-800 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, and roasting for 40-45 min to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder; according to the weight parts, putting 75-80 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 20-25 parts of ceramic bond powder, 10-15 parts of 200-300-mesh magnesium ore powder, 15-20 parts of white corundum, 40-50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of walnut shell powder and 30-40 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar, grinding for 30-40 min, and standing for 3-4 h to obtain powder to be sintered; putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite die, putting the graphite die into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering at 1450-1550 ℃ for 2-3 h under the pressure of 10-12 MPa, demoulding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into a drying oven, heating to 70-80 ℃, and drying for 20-24 h to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
Example 1
According to the weight parts, 20 parts of silicon dioxide, 15 parts of aluminum oxide, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of zirconium oxide, 10 parts of sodium carbonate, 10 parts of potassium carbonate, 8 parts of aluminum carbonate and 40 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls with the diameter of 30mm are added, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 30min, so that ball milling powder is obtained; pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating to 1300 ℃, preserving heat for 30min to obtain a molten binder, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten binder to an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water for 3min, collecting ceramic binder fragments, mixing the ceramic binder fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuing ball-milling for 20h, controlling the ball-milling speed to 40r/min to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a material containing disc, placing the ball-milling slurry into an oven, heating to 120 ℃, drying for 3h, placing the ball-milling slurry into a mortar, grinding for 40min, sieving by using a 180-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic binder powder, and filling the ceramic binder powder into a sealing bag for storage; igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, placing the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, sieving the rice hulls with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain rice hull ash powder, placing 50 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 30 parts of palm wax and 10 parts of fresh grape skin in a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia in the fermentation tank in an amount of 1/2, sealing and standing for 8 days to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues; mixing 80-mesh diamond particles and fermentation filter residues according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, continuing to heat to 700 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature and roasting for 40min to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder; according to the weight parts, putting 75 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 20 parts of ceramic bond powder, 10 parts of 200-mesh magnesium ore powder, 15 parts of white corundum, 40 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20 parts of walnut shell powder and 30 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar, grinding for 30min, and standing for 3h to obtain powder to be sintered; putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite die, putting the graphite die into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering at 1450 ℃ under the pressure of 10MPa for 2 hours, demoulding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into a drying oven, heating to 70 ℃, and drying for 20 hours to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
Example 2
According to the weight parts, 23 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 33 parts of calcium carbonate, 17 parts of zirconium oxide, 11 parts of sodium carbonate, 13 parts of potassium carbonate, 9 parts of aluminum carbonate and 45 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls with the diameter of 40mm are added, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 90r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 33min, so that ball milling powder is obtained; pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating to 1325 ℃, keeping the temperature for 35min to obtain a molten bonding agent, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten bonding agent to an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water for 3.5min, collecting ceramic bonding agent fragments, mixing the ceramic bonding agent fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuously milling for 22h, controlling the ball-milling rotating speed to be 50r/min to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a material containing disc, placing the material containing disc into an oven, heating to 125 ℃, drying for 3.5h, placing the material containing disc into a mortar, grinding for 43min, sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic bonding agent powder, and placing the ceramic bonding agent powder into a sealing bag for storage; igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, placing the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, sieving the rice hulls with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain rice hull ash powder, placing 53 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 35 parts of carnauba wax and 13 parts of fresh grape skin in a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia gas with the volume of 1/2 in the fermentation tank into the fermentation tank, sealing and standing the fermentation tank for 9 days to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues; mixing 85-mesh diamond particles and fermentation filter residues according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 115 ℃, keeping the temperature for 37min, continuing heating to 750 ℃ at a speed of 7 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, and roasting for 43min to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder; putting 78 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 23 parts of ceramic bond powder, 13 parts of 250-mesh magnesium ore powder, 17 parts of white corundum, 45 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of walnut shell powder and 35 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar, grinding for 35min, and standing for 3.5h to obtain powder to be sintered; putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite die, putting the graphite die into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering at 1500 ℃ for 2.5h under the pressure of 11MPa, demoulding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into a drying oven, heating to 75 ℃, and drying for 22h to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
Example 3
According to the weight parts, 25 parts of silicon dioxide, 25 parts of aluminum oxide, 35 parts of calcium carbonate, 20 parts of zirconium oxide, 12 parts of sodium carbonate, 15 parts of potassium carbonate, 10 parts of aluminum carbonate and 50 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls with the diameter of 50mm are added, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 100r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 35min, so that ball milling powder is obtained; pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating to 1350 ℃, preserving heat for 40min to obtain a molten binder, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten binder to an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water for 4min, collecting ceramic binder fragments, mixing the ceramic binder fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuing ball-milling for 24h, controlling the ball-milling speed to be 60r/min to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a material containing disc, placing the material into an oven, heating to 130 ℃, drying for 4h, placing the material into a mortar, grinding for 45min, sieving by a 180-mesh sieve to obtain ceramic binder powder, and filling the ceramic binder powder into a sealing bag for storage; igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, placing the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, sieving the rice hulls with a 300-mesh sieve to obtain rice hull ash powder, placing 55 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 40 parts of carnauba wax and 15 parts of fresh grape skin in a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia in the volume of 2/3 of the fermentation tank into the fermentation tank, sealing and standing the fermentation tank for 10 days to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues; mixing 100-mesh diamond particles and fermentation filter residues according to a mass ratio of 4: 1 to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating to 130 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45min, continuing to heat to 800 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature and roasting for 45min to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder; according to the weight parts, putting 80 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 25 parts of ceramic bond powder, 15 parts of 300-mesh magnesium ore powder, 20 parts of white corundum, 50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 30 parts of walnut shell powder and 40 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar for grinding for 40min, and standing for 4h to obtain powder to be sintered; putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite die, putting the graphite die into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering for 3h at 1550 ℃ under the pressure of 12MPa, demoulding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into a drying oven, heating to 80 ℃, and drying for 24h to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
Comparative example
An artificial oilstone produced by a company of Yinchuan City was used as a comparative example
The wear-resistant artificial oilstone prepared by the invention and the artificial oilstone in the comparative example are detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1:
and (3) grinding performance test:
the sliding friction test of the abrasion tester is used as an abrasion test method, and the test piece only rotates and does not have feeding motion. Taking cylindrical pig iron with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 15mm as a test piece, and testing the influence on the grinding performance of the oilstone on the basis of different rotating speeds (200 r/min and 400 r/min) of the test piece. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the test time is 20min when the test piece is 200r/min, and the test time is 10min when the test piece is 400 r/min. Before the test, the samples prepared by the method 1-3 and the comparative oilstone are matched to enable the samples to meet certain precision requirements, the abrasion loss expressed by the weight difference of the samples before and after the test is measured by using a photoelectric analysis balance (the precision is 0.0001) to evaluate the grinding performance of the oilstone, the samples are cleaned by using gasoline before weighing each time and are dried by using a blower, and the measurement accuracy is guaranteed.
TABLE 1 measurement results of Properties
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the wear-resistant artificial oilstone prepared by the method is high in hardness, good in uniformity, sharp in grinding, high in grinding quality and high in grinding speed, the frequency of finishing the oilstone is greatly reduced, workpieces are basically not scratched, and the service life of the oilstone is prolonged. Is obviously superior to the comparative product. Therefore, the method has wide application prospect.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of wear-resistant artificial oilstone is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) according to the weight parts, 20-25 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of aluminum oxide, 30-35 parts of calcium carbonate, 15-20 parts of zirconium oxide, 10-12 parts of sodium carbonate, 10-15 parts of potassium carbonate, 8-10 parts of aluminum carbonate and 40-50 parts of boric acid are poured into a corundum ball milling jar, corundum balls are added, and ball milling is carried out to obtain ball milling powder;
(2) pouring ball-milling powder into a crucible furnace, heating, keeping the temperature to obtain a molten binder, plugging a blocking rod, guiding the molten binder into an enamel container filled with water by using the blocking rod, quenching with water, collecting ceramic binder fragments, mixing the ceramic binder fragments with water in equal mass, pouring the mixture into a corundum ball-milling jar, continuously ball-milling to obtain ball-milling slurry, pouring the ball-milling slurry into a material containing disc, placing the material into an oven, heating, drying, placing the material into a mortar for grinding, sieving to obtain ceramic binder powder, and placing the ceramic binder powder into a sealing bag for storage;
(3) igniting rice hulls, collecting the burned ash, putting the rice hulls in a mortar for grinding, and sieving to obtain rice hull ash powder, putting 50-55 parts of the rice hull ash powder, 30-40 parts of palm wax and 10-15 parts of fresh grape skin in a fermentation tank according to parts by weight, filling ammonia gas into the fermentation tank, sealing and standing to obtain a fermentation product, filtering the fermentation product, and separating to obtain fermentation filter residues;
(4) mixing the diamond particles with the fermentation filter residues to obtain rigid powder, placing the rigid powder in a muffle furnace, heating and sintering to obtain diamond-silicon carbide composite powder;
(5) according to the weight parts, putting 75-80 parts of diamond-silicon carbide composite powder, 20-25 parts of ceramic bond powder, 10-15 parts of 200-300-mesh magnesium ore powder, 15-20 parts of white corundum, 40-50 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of walnut shell powder and 30-40 parts of beta-cyclodextrin into a mortar for grinding and standing to obtain powder to be sintered;
(6) and putting the powder to be sintered into a graphite mold, putting the graphite mold into a hot-pressing sintering machine, carrying out hot-pressing sintering, demolding to obtain an oilstone blank, putting the oilstone blank into an oven, heating to raise the temperature, and drying to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
2. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the corundum ball in the step (1) is 30-50 mm, the autorotation speed of the ball milling jar is set to be 80-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is set to be 30-35 min.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature after heating and temperature rising in the step (2) is 1300-1350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-40 min, the water quenching time is 3-4 min, the ball milling time is continued for 20-24 h, the ball milling rotating speed is controlled to be 40-60 r/min, the temperature after heating and temperature rising in an oven is 120-130 ℃, the drying time is 3-4 h, the grinding time in a mortar is 40-45 min, and the screened specification is 180 meshes.
4. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) sieving the powder with the specification of 200-300 meshes, filling 1/2-2/3 of ammonia gas with the volume being equal to that of the fermentation tank, and sealing and standing for 8-10 days.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the granularity of the diamond particles in the step (4) is 80-100 meshes, the mass ratio of the diamond particles to the fermentation filter residues is 4: 1, and the heating, temperature-rising and sintering process in a muffle furnace is as follows: the temperature is increased to 100-130 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 30-45 min, the temperature is increased to 700-800 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 40-45 min.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) grinding in the mortar for 30-40 min, and standing for 3-4 h.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant artificial oilstone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hot-pressing sintering conditions in the step (6) are as follows: and hot-pressing and sintering at 1450-1550 ℃ for 2-3 h under the pressure of 10-12 MPa, heating in an oven to raise the temperature to 70-80 ℃, and drying for 20-24 h to obtain the wear-resistant artificial oilstone.
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