CN114750081B - Ceramic bond with air holes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic bond with air holes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114750081B CN114750081B CN202210353315.9A CN202210353315A CN114750081B CN 114750081 B CN114750081 B CN 114750081B CN 202210353315 A CN202210353315 A CN 202210353315A CN 114750081 B CN114750081 B CN 114750081B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding tools, and discloses a ceramic bond with air holes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic bond with air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 50 weight percent of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 10 to 33 weight percent of boric acid, 7 to 27 weight percent of wollastonite, 5 to 10 weight percent of lithium carbonate, 2 to 10 weight percent of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 3 to 10 weight percent of aluminum phosphate, 4 to 8 weight percent of zinc borate and 12 to 30 weight percent of sulfate mixture. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing materials, smelting and quenching water, ball milling and sieving. The invention has simple process and easily obtained raw materials; the sulfate spheroids in the ceramic bond contain gas inside, and the obtained diamond grinding tool or CBN grinding tool using the ceramic bond can decompose and volatilize sulfate after the grinding tool is sintered, so that the porosity of the grinding tool is improved, and the size of air holes can be regulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding tools, in particular to a ceramic bond with air holes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The grinding tool made of diamond or CBN abrasive materials comprises a grinding wheel, a grinding head, a grinding disc, an oilstone and other tools, and the bonding agent is a resin bonding agent, a metal bonding agent or a ceramic bonding agent.
Currently, ceramic bond is increasingly applied to diamond grinding tools or CBN grinding tools, but the requirements on the service performance of the grinding tools are also higher. The diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond has high strength, impact resistance, good thermal stability and high holding force on diamond or CBN grinding materials. In some applications, ceramic binders are gradually replacing resin and metal binders. The diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond is a superhard grinding tool with wide development prospect.
Diamond or CBN grinding tools using ceramic bond are widely used for efficient and precise grinding. Diamond tools using ceramic bond are commonly used for processing nonmetallic materials and nonferrous metal workpieces, and CBN tools using ceramic bond are commonly used for processing ferrous metal workpieces.
The diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond is formed by sintering diamond or CBN grinding material or auxiliary grinding material at 600-900 ℃ by taking the ceramic bond as an adhesive. The diamond grinding tool or CBN grinding tool structure adopting the ceramic bond comprises diamond or CBN grinding material, bonding agent, auxiliary grinding material and air holes. Diamond or CBN abrasive is the abrasive material of the grinding tool, and exposed abrasive during grinding plays a cutting role. The ceramic bond provides holding force for diamond and CBN abrasive materials, and the diamond or CBN abrasive materials are required to have high cutting edge and are not easy to fall off, so that the high utilization rate of the diamond or CBN abrasive materials is obtained. In the diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond, the auxiliary grinding material is a framework of the grinding tool structure, plays a supporting role and is used for improving the proportion of the grinding material to the bonding agent in the grinding tool.
The pores of the diamond abrasive or CBN abrasive using the ceramic bond are gaps between abrasives, between abrasives and bond, and between bonds. The pore characteristics of the abrasive article are porosity and pore size.
The air holes can increase the blade height of the diamond or CBN abrasive, improve the capability of chip discharging and holding and improve the grinding efficiency. The air holes can be filled with cooling liquid and grinding liquid, so that grinding heat of a grinding area is reduced. Therefore, the air holes can improve the grinding efficiency, reduce the thermal damage on the surface of the workpiece, ensure the dimensional accuracy and the shape accuracy of the workpiece and prolong the service life of the grinding tool.
Porosity and pore size are critical to the performance of diamond or CBN abrasive tools that employ ceramic binders. The greater the porosity, the better the sharpness of the grinding tool and the higher the grinding efficiency. The larger the pore size, the higher the diamond and CBN abrasive edge out, and the greater the workpiece removal rate. On the contrary, the smaller the porosity is, the lower the grinding efficiency is, the grinding tool is not easy to wear, and the grinding work efficiency is difficult to reach. After selecting proper concentration of diamond or CBN abrasive, binder and auxiliary abrasive, the sharpness and wear resistance of the grinding tool are regulated by the air holes. The characteristics of the air holes are determined according to the application of the grinding tool and the manufacturing process.
The manufacturing process of the diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond is as follows: (1) mixing, (2) cold press molding, (3) sintering, (4) bonding, and (5) dressing sharpening.
Because the material is sintered after cold press molding, the grinding tool has inherent air holes after cold press molding, and the air holes after the volatilization of the mixed material adhesive are the self air holes of the grinding tool. The diamond or CBN abrasive grain size is from 60/80 mesh to 400/500 mesh, and the self-porosity is 20% -35%. In the prior art, in order to increase the porosity, a pore-forming material is generally added during mixing, and the pore-forming material volatilizes to form pores after sintering of a grinding tool. Most of the existing pore-forming materials are walnut shell scraps, charcoal, coke and other materials.
And (3) at the sintering temperature of 180-450 ℃, the organic matters of the walnut shells are oxidized, decomposed and volatilized, and the cellulose is volatilized after oxidized and combusted. The walnut shell volatilizes to produce a vacancy. After the sintering temperature is continuously increased, the ceramic bond is gradually melted, the vacancy is easy to collapse, and the diamond and CBN abrasive materials can displace, so that the pore size is uneven. When the walnut shell material is more, the grinding tool contracts, and the porosity is reduced instead. When the walnut shell exceeds 0.16g/cm 3 (volume of the working layer of the vitrified bond) severe shrinkage occurs.
The charcoal is large in pores and long in fibers, and crushed aggregates are mostly long and flaky, so that the charcoal does not meet the requirement of equal-volume pores. In addition, the cold-pressed blank has high elasticity during cold-press molding, and the required molding density cannot be achieved.
The coke is also large in air holes, so that the cold pressed blank has high elasticity during cold press molding, and the cold pressed blank is not easy to reach the required molding density.
Therefore, there is a need for a ceramic bond with air holes and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problems of low porosity and unadjustable air hole size of diamond grinding tools or CBN grinding tools adopting the ceramic bond in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a ceramic bond with air holes and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
the ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 50 weight percent of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 10 to 33 weight percent of boric acid, 7 to 27 weight percent of wollastonite, 5 to 10 weight percent of lithium carbonate, 2 to 10 weight percent of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 3 to 10 weight percent of aluminum phosphate, 4 to 8 weight percent of zinc borate and 12 to 30 weight percent of sulfate mixture.
Preferably, the sulfate mixture comprises potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, lithium sulfate.
Preferably, the sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60 wt% of potassium sulfate, 17-45 wt% of sodium sulfate and 18-50 wt% of lithium sulfate.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the ceramic bond with the air holes, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
Uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to a proportion to obtain a mixture;
s2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
s3, ball milling and sieving
And (3) drying the mixed glass gob, putting the dried mixed glass gob into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and sieving the dried mixed glass gob to obtain a ceramic bond finished product.
Preferably, in the step S2, the smelting temperature is 1100-1280 ℃; and (5) preserving heat and smelting for 60-80min at the smelting temperature.
Preferably, after the smelting and heat preservation are completed, the temperature is reduced by 50-100 ℃ on the basis of the smelting temperature, and then the heat preservation is carried out for 10-25min, and then water quenching is carried out.
Preferably, in the step S3, the drying process of the mixed glass gob is as follows: the mixed glass gob was incubated at 160℃for 10 hours and then cooled naturally to room temperature.
The diameter of the sulfate spheres formed in the mixed glass gob can be observed under a microscope, and the volume ratio of the sulfate spheres to the mixed glass gob can be calculated.
Preferably, in the step S3, the ball-to-material ratio in the ball milling process is 2-3:1; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60-70% of the total mass of the grinding ball, and the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 30-40% of the total mass of the grinding ball.
Preferably, in the step S3, a planetary ball mill is adopted in the ball milling process; the rotation speed of the ball milling tank is 800-1000r/min, the revolution speed of the ball milling tank is 100-140 r/min, and the ball milling is performed for 1.5-10 h.
Preferably, the particle size of the ceramic bond finished product obtained in the step S3 is 38-120 μm.
The diameter of sulfate spheroids contained in the glass ceramics of the ceramic bond obtained by the invention is 6-36 mu m.
The invention has the action principle that:
the ceramic bond obtained by the invention is composed of P 2 O 5 、B 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、CaO、Na 2 O、Li 2 O, znO microcrystalline glass (each oxide is obtained by smelting raw materials) and sulfate grains.
P 2 O 5 、B 2 O 3 And SiO 2 To form a bulk oxide of the glass network, na 2 O enters the glass network to provide free oxygen to cause P 2 O 5 Glass body, B 2 O 3 Glass body and SiO 2 The glass bodies are mutually embedded to form a frame-shaped structure. CaO and P 2 O 5 Can form calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite, and separate out beta-Ca (PO 3 ) 2 And (3) crystallizing the fiber.
Na 2 O and B 2 O 3 The molar ratio is less than 1, boron abnormality occurs, the glass structure is loose, and the density is reduced. Even if the vitreous viscosity is reduced, the wettability is increased, which is beneficial to the infiltration of diamond and CBN abrasive materials. And the sintering temperature of the ceramic bond is reduced and is lower than the graphitization temperature of the diamond abrasive surface and the oxidation temperature of the CBN abrasive surface.
Zinc borate increases the decomposition temperature of the sulfate; li (Li) 2 O increases the density of the ceramic bond; znO reduces the viscosity of the ceramic bond.
The sulfate in the ceramic bond is a pore-forming material. Below its decomposition temperature, the sulphate becomes phase separated (sulphate phase separated), the composition of which is Na 2 SO 4 ·K 2 SO 4 ·LiNaSO 4 。
In the smelting stage with high temperature of 1100-1280 deg.c, sulfate has certain solubility in molten glass. When the temperature is lowered, the solubility thereof is lowered, and the solution gradually reaches saturation and appears as fine droplets. These fine droplets contain bubbles, and are partially sulfate decomposed gas. Part of the potassium sulfate is decomposed to produce potassium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Part of the sodium sulfate is decomposed to form sodium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Part of the lithium sulfate is decomposed to form lithium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen.
When the temperature is reduced to a certain range, preserving heat, quenching by water, changing the glass body into microcrystalline glass, and separating the sulfate phase with bubbles inside into sulfate spherical bodies with the diameter of 6-36 mu m.
The proportion of potassium sulfate in the sulfate mixture is high, and when the proportion of sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate is low, the sulfate phase-splitting temperature is high, and the diameter of the tiny liquid drops is small. The proportion of potassium sulfate in the sulfate mixture is low, and when the proportion of sodium sulfate and lithium sulfate is high, the sulfate phase-splitting temperature is low, and the diameter of the tiny liquid drops is large.
45wt% of potassium sulfate, 30wt% of sodium sulfate and 25wt% of lithium sulfate in the sulfate mixture, wherein the smelting temperature is 1230-1280 ℃; the sulfate phase-separated liquid drop diameter of the bubble is about 6 μm. 17wt% of potassium sulfate, 33wt% of sodium sulfate and 50wt% of lithium sulfate in the sulfate mixture, wherein the smelting temperature is 1100-1150 ℃; the sulfate phase-separated liquid drop diameter of the bubble is about 36 μm. The sulfate phase-separated liquid drops containing bubbles form sulfate spheroids after cooling, and the diameters of the sulfate phase-separated liquid drops containing bubbles are not changed before and after cooling.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the mixed glass gob obtained in step S2 of the present invention is schematically shown. Wherein the reference numeral 001 is ceramic bond microcrystalline glass, the reference numeral 002 is sulfate spherical body, and the reference numeral 003 is sulfur dioxide bubbles and oxygen bubbles contained in the sulfate spherical body. The figure only schematically shows the structure of the mixed glass block, and the size of a specific sulfate spherical body and the size of sulfur dioxide bubbles and oxygen bubbles in the sulfate spherical body are changed along with the change of the conditions of sulfate proportioning, the use amount, smelting temperature and the like.
When the ceramic bond glass ceramics is manufactured into a diamond grinding tool or a CBN grinding tool, the sintering temperature is lower and is 700-850 ℃. High strength and 100-150 MPa of flexural strength. Good wettability to diamond and CBN abrasive.
The application of the invention is specifically described below:
the ceramic bond with the air holes is sintered for 3-6 hours in an oxidizing atmosphere at 700-850 ℃ when being manufactured into a diamond grinding tool or a CBN grinding tool. In the sintering temperature rising process, the ceramic bond begins to melt at 650 ℃, and the bond, the auxiliary abrasive and the sulfate spheroids form network bridge connection along with the temperature rising.
In the sintering process of the electric furnace, the sulfate spherical body starts to be oxidized and decomposed at 650 ℃ by oxygen in the electric furnace, and can be oxidized completely at the end of the sintering temperature. In the sulfate spheroids, potassium sulfate decomposes to produce potassium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Sodium sulfate decomposes to form sodium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen. The lithium sulfate decomposes to produce lithium oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen.
The decomposed sulfur dioxide and the original volatilization of oxygen generate air holes, and the diamond or CBN abrasive material cannot be displaced, so that the uneven size of the air holes and the shrinkage of the grinding tool after sintering are caused. Uniform air holes and higher porosity can be obtained.
The sulfate spheroids in the ceramic bond of the invention account for 12-30wt% of the ceramic bond. The pore volume of the ceramic bond per unit weight is 0.10-0.24 cm 3 And/g, the diameter of the air holes is 6-36 μm.
When the ceramic bond grinding tool is designed, the dosage of the ceramic bond is 0.6-1.2 g/cm 3 When the volume of the working layer of the ceramic bond grinding tool is equal to the volume of the working layer of the ceramic bond grinding tool, the ceramic bond grinding tool can be provided with additional porosity of 6-30 percent (the self porosity of the ceramic bond grinding tool is 20-35 percent).
The diamond grinding tool or the CBN grinding tool manufactured by the ceramic bond can improve the porosity and adjust the size of air holes under the condition of ensuring the uniform structure of the grinding tool, and the self-sharpening controllable and adjustable degree of the grinding tool is improved, so that the processing efficiency is improved by 15% or more.
The obtained diamond grinding tool or CBN grinding tool using the ceramic bond has the advantages of improved porosity, enhanced cooling effect, effectively reduced grinding heat, reduced thermal damage to the surface of the workpiece, and ensured dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the workpiece to be processed, thereby ensuring the quality of the ground workpiece. The obtained diamond grinding tool or CBN grinding tool using the ceramic bond of the invention has good self-sharpening property, does not need frequent trimming, reduces ineffective abrasion of diamond or CBN grinding material, and prolongs the service life of the grinding tool.
The sulfate spheroids in the ceramic bond contain gas, and the sulfate volatilizes after the grinding tool is sintered, so that the ceramic bond has a porosity of 6-30%. Not only can the porosity be improved, but also the size of the air holes can be adjusted. The ceramic bond with the air holes can solve the key problem of adjusting the porosity and the air hole size of a diamond grinding tool or a CBN grinding tool adopting the ceramic bond in a larger range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has simple process and easily obtained raw materials; the sulfate spheroids in the ceramic bond contain gas inside, and the obtained diamond grinding tool or CBN grinding tool using the ceramic bond can decompose and volatilize sulfate after the grinding tool is sintered, so that the porosity of the grinding tool is improved, and the size of air holes can be regulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid glass gob obtained in step S2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a golden phase diagram of a grinding wheel grinder prepared from the ceramic bond obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in terms of specific examples, illustrative examples and illustrations of which are provided herein to illustrate the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
The ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
27wt% of diammonium phosphate, 12wt% of boric acid, 13wt% of wollastonite, 8wt% of lithium carbonate, 5wt% of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 3wt% of aluminum phosphate, 4wt% of zinc borate and 28wt% of sulfate mixture.
The sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45wt% of potassium sulfate, 37wt% of sodium sulfate and 18wt% of lithium sulfate.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
And uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the mixture.
S2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
in the smelting process, the high-temperature crucible is sent into a high-temperature furnace; the smelting temperature is 1250 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 60 minutes; then cooling by 90 ℃ (the temperature is reduced to 1160 ℃) on the basis of the smelting temperature, and preserving the heat for 12 minutes; and taking out the mixture, pouring the mixture into water, and performing water quenching to obtain the mixed glass block.
S3, ball milling and sieving
Preserving the temperature of the mixed glass block at 160 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; putting the dried mixed glass material blocks and grinding balls (zirconia ceramic balls) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 40 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the rotation speed of the ball milling tank is 800-1000r/min, and the revolution speed is 100-140 r/min. The mass ratio of the balls is 1:2.5, the installed capacity is 60 percent, and the ball milling time is 6 hours; and obtaining the ball-milled mixed glass material.
Sieving the ball-milled mixed glass material with a 230-mesh screen to obtain the ceramic bond with the particle size of 38-53 mu m. The diameter of the sulfate spherical body is 6-12 mu m, and the pore volume of the ceramic bond per unit weight is 0.20-0.24 cm 3 /g。
As shown in fig. 2, a golden phase diagram of a grinding wheel grinder prepared from the ceramic bond obtained in this example is shown. Wherein the spherical holes are ceramic bond with air holes.
The grinding wheel grinding tool comprises the following components: the superhard abrasive is CBN micropowder with granularity of 10-20 meshes and concentration of 125%; the content of the ceramic bond in this example was 0.90g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The auxiliary abrasive is white corundum, the granularity is W5, and the content is 0.41g/cm 3 。
The grinding wheel grinding tool is sintered at the temperature of 750 ℃.
Example 2
The ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15% of boric acid, 17% of wollastonite, 8% of lithium carbonate, 7% of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 3% of aluminum phosphate, 5% of zinc borate and 20% of sulfate mixture.
The sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 46wt% of potassium sulfate, 31wt% of sodium sulfate and 23wt% of lithium sulfate.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
And uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the mixture.
S2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
in the smelting process, the high-temperature crucible is sent into a high-temperature furnace; the smelting temperature is 1190 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 65min; then 80 ℃ is reduced on the basis of the smelting temperature (the temperature is reduced to 1110 ℃), and the temperature is kept for 16min; and taking out the mixture, pouring the mixture into water, and performing water quenching to obtain the mixed glass block.
S3, ball milling and sieving
Preserving the temperature of the mixed glass block at 160 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; putting the dried mixed glass material blocks and grinding balls (zirconia ceramic balls) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 40 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the rotation speed of the ball milling tank is 800-1000r/min, and the revolution speed is 100-140 r/min. The mass ratio of the balls is 1:2.5, the installed capacity is 60 percent, and the ball milling time is 5.6 hours; and obtaining the ball-milled mixed glass material. Sieving the ball-milled mixed glass material with a 200-mesh screen to obtain the ceramic bond with the particle size of about 41-56 mu m. The diameter of the sulfate spherical body is 16-23 mu m, and the pore volume of the ceramic bond per unit weight is 0.18-0.22 cm 3 /g。
The ceramic bond obtained in this example was used to prepare CBN grinding wheel a, specification D350 x 40 x 127; the composition of the material is as follows: the superhard abrasive is CBN micropowder with granularity of 80/100 meshes and concentration of 200%; the content of the ceramic bond in this example was 0.50g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The auxiliary abrasive is white corundum with granularity of 200/230 meshes and content of 0.22g/cm 3 。
Preparing a CBN grinding wheel B by using a ceramic bond without sulfate pore materials; the ceramic bond without sulfate pore materials comprises 31wt% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 19wt% of boric acid, 21wt% of wollastonite, 10wt% of lithium carbonate, 9wt% of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 4wt% of aluminum phosphate and 6wt% of zinc borate.
Preparing a CBN grinding wheel B with the specification of D350 x 40 x 127; the composition of the material is as follows: the superhard abrasive is CBN micropowder with granularity of 80/100 meshes and concentration of 200%; no sulphate-containing saltsThe content of the ceramic bond of the pore material is 0.60g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The auxiliary abrasive is white corundum with granularity of 200/230 meshes and content of 0.22g/cm 3 。
The two grinding wheels are manufactured by the same sintering process.
The 65Mn steel saw blade matrix was separately ground using CBN grinding wheel A, CBN grinding wheel B. The model SQM7360 of the grinding machine, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 35m/s, the feed depth is 0.050mm, and the feed amount is 0.005-0.007 mm/time.
The grinding removal amount of the ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel A of the embodiment is 9.36g/h, and the grinding removal amount of the unit volume grinding wheel is 85.87g/h cm 3 。
The grinding and removing amount of the universal ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel B is 8.134g/h, and the grinding and removing amount of the unit volume grinding wheel is 67.20g/h cm 3 。
Example 3
The ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30wt% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 16wt% of boric acid, 15wt% of wollastonite, 6wt% of lithium carbonate, 5wt% of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 4wt% of aluminum phosphate, 7wt% of zinc borate and 17wt% of sulfate mixture.
The sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 41wt% of potassium sulfate, 25wt% of sodium sulfate and 34wt% of lithium sulfate.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
And uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the mixture.
S2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
in the smelting process, the high-temperature crucible is sent into a high-temperature furnace; the smelting temperature is 1150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 70min; then cooling to 70 ℃ (the temperature is reduced to 1080 ℃) on the basis of the smelting temperature, and preserving the heat for 20 minutes; and taking out the mixture, pouring the mixture into water, and performing water quenching to obtain the mixed glass block.
S3, ball milling and sieving
Preserving the temperature of the mixed glass block at 160 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; putting the dried mixed glass material blocks and grinding balls (zirconia ceramic balls) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 40 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the rotation speed of the ball milling tank is 800-1000r/min, and the revolution speed is 100-140 r/min. The mass ratio of the balls is 1:2.5, the installed capacity is 60 percent, and the ball milling time is 4.2 hours; and obtaining the ball-milled mixed glass material.
Sieving the ball-milled mixed glass material with a 170-mesh screen to obtain the ceramic bond with the particle size of 58-78 mu m. The diameter of the sulfate spherical body is 30-38 mu m, and the pore-forming volume of the ceramic bond per unit weight is 0.14-0.18 cm 3 /g。
Example 4
The ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
38wt% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 15wt% of boric acid, 12wt% of wollastonite, 5wt% of lithium carbonate, 8wt% of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 4wt% of aluminum phosphate, 4wt% of zinc borate and 14wt% of a sulfate mixture.
The sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 32wt% of potassium sulfate, 19wt% of sodium sulfate and 49wt% of lithium sulfate.
The preparation method of the ceramic bond with the air holes comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
And uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to the proportion to obtain the mixture.
S2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
in the smelting process, the high-temperature crucible is sent into a high-temperature furnace; the smelting temperature is 1120 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 80 minutes; then cooling by 90 ℃ (the temperature is reduced to 1030 ℃) on the basis of the smelting temperature, and preserving heat for 22min; and taking out the mixture, pouring the mixture into water, and performing water quenching to obtain the mixed glass block.
S3, ball milling and sieving
Preserving the temperature of the mixed glass block at 160 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature; putting the dried mixed glass material blocks and grinding balls (zirconia ceramic balls) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 40 percent of the total mass of the grinding ball, the rotation speed of the ball milling tank is 800-1000r/min, and the revolution speed is 100-140 r/min. The mass ratio of the balls is 1:2.5, the installed capacity is 60 percent, and the ball milling time is 3.3 hours; and obtaining the ball-milled mixed glass material. Sieving the ball-milled mixed glass material with a 150-mesh screen to obtain the ceramic bond with the particle size of about 76-95 mu m. The diameter of the sulfate spherical body is 35-46 mu m, and the pore-forming volume of the ceramic bond per unit weight is 0.12-0.16 cm 3 /g。
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ceramic bond with air holes is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20 to 50 weight percent of diammonium phosphate, 10 to 33 weight percent of boric acid, 7 to 27 weight percent of wollastonite, 5 to 10 weight percent of lithium carbonate, 2 to 10 weight percent of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 3 to 10 weight percent of aluminum phosphate, 4 to 8 weight percent of zinc borate and 12 to 30 weight percent of sulfate mixture;
the sulfate mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-60 wt% of potassium sulfate, 17-45 wt% of sodium sulfate and 18-50 wt% of lithium sulfate.
2. The method for preparing the self-porous ceramic bond according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing materials
Uniformly mixing the mixture of diammonium phosphate, boric acid, wollastonite, lithium carbonate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc borate and sulfate according to a proportion to obtain a mixture;
s2, smelting quenching water
Putting the mixture into a high-temperature crucible for smelting, taking out the mixture after smelting and carrying out water quenching to obtain a mixed glass block;
s3, ball milling and sieving
And (3) drying the mixed glass gob, putting the dried mixed glass gob into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and sieving the dried mixed glass gob to obtain a ceramic bond finished product.
3. The method for preparing the ceramic bond with air holes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the smelting temperature is 1100-1280 ℃; and (5) preserving heat and smelting for 60-80min at the smelting temperature.
4. A method for preparing a self-porous ceramic bond according to claim 3, wherein: after the smelting and heat preservation are completed, the temperature is reduced by 50-100 ℃ on the basis of the smelting temperature, and then the heat preservation is carried out for 10-25min, and then water quenching is carried out.
5. The method for preparing the ceramic bond with air holes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the drying process of the mixed glass gob includes: the mixed glass gob was incubated at 160℃for 10 hours and then cooled naturally to room temperature.
6. The method for preparing the ceramic bond with air holes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the ball-material ratio in the ball milling process is 2-3:1; the grinding ball with the diameter of 20mm accounts for 60-70% of the total mass of the grinding ball, and the grinding ball with the diameter of 10mm accounts for 30-40% of the total mass of the grinding ball.
7. The method for preparing the ceramic bond with air holes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the ball milling time is 1.5-10 h.
8. The method for preparing the ceramic bond with air holes according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain diameter of the ceramic bond finished product obtained in the step S3 is 38-120 mu m.
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