CN110076322B - Ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110076322B CN110076322B CN201910333499.0A CN201910333499A CN110076322B CN 110076322 B CN110076322 B CN 110076322B CN 201910333499 A CN201910333499 A CN 201910333499A CN 110076322 B CN110076322 B CN 110076322B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
- B22D19/085—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal of anti-frictional metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of wear-resistant composite materials, and is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method; the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 40-55 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 2-5 wt% of a binder, wherein the grain diameter of the spherical ceramic particles is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than the grain diameter of the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles is less than or equal to 1.5 mm. The ceramic preform is matched with non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles by adopting spherical ceramic particles, the particle size of the ceramic preform is controlled, the ceramic preform and the alloy steel matrix form a unique toughening structure under the synergistic action, the prepared composite material has good impact resistance and abrasion resistance, can effectively resist the cutting and furrowing effects of an abrasive, and is simple in preparation method, and the prepared composite material is suitable for manufacturing wear-resistant working parts such as hammerheads, lining plates, grinding rollers and grinding discs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant composite materials, in particular to a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wear-resistant steel part is mainly used for the abrasion working conditions of abrasive materials in the mine, metallurgy, electric power, coal and machinery industries, such as hammerheads, lining plates, grinding balls, grinding rollers, grinding discs and the like, and is subjected to strong abrasion of various materials such as sand, ores, soil and the like and abrasive bodies in the service process, so that the wear-resistant steel part is very quick in failure.
The wear failure of most wear-resistant parts usually occurs at a certain thickness or certain specific parts of the wear-resistant working surface, and the wear-resistant working surface is required to have higher hardness, and the whole wear-resistant part is required to have higher toughness, can resist impact and does not break. The wear-resistant parts made of traditional metal materials, such as chromium white cast iron, austenitic wear-resistant manganese steel and the like, are difficult to simultaneously meet the two requirements.
The high manganese steel has the advantages of high toughness, good work hardening performance, relatively low price and the like, but has lower wear resistance under certain wear working conditions, particularly under the high-stress abrasive wear working condition with low impact. In order to solve the limitations of single metal wear-resistant materials, ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite materials, especially metal matrix wear-resistant composite materials, have become a focus of attention in recent years. The high-hardness ceramic particles are locally compounded on the working surface of the part by adopting a cast-infiltration method, so that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant part can be improved, the integral toughness of the wear-resistant part can be ensured, the wear resistance of the part can be greatly improved, and the service life of the part can be greatly prolonged. However, the performance of the wear-resistant alloy has to be further improved under the severe wear conditions (such as high temperature, high-speed friction and wear) in the modern process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the prepared composite material has good impact resistance and wear resistance and can effectively resist the cutting and furrowing effects of an abrasive.
The invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material which is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method; the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 40-55 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 2-5 wt% of a binder, wherein the grain diameter of the spherical ceramic particles is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than the grain diameter of the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.
Preferably, the alloy steel is high manganese steel; preferably, the high manganese steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 18-25 vt%.
Preferably, the spherical ceramic particles are one of spherical ZTA ceramic particles, spherical WC ceramic particles or a combination thereof; preferably, the spherical ceramic particles have a particle size of 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
Preferably, the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are one or a combination of polyhedral WC ceramic particles and polyhedral alumina ceramic particles; preferably, the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles have a particle size of 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
Preferably, the binder is an epoxy binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mould with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing, molding, demoulding and vacuum sintering to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating, closing the mold, vacuumizing, casting alloy steel molten metal cast infiltration preform, and obtaining a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: and carrying out heat treatment on the steel-based composite material to obtain the steel-based composite material.
Preferably, in S1, pressurizing to 30-40MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 3-5 min; preferably, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in S2, preheating to 400-600 ℃.
Preferably, in S3, the heat treatment is to heat the steel-based composite material to 980-1020 ℃, preserve heat for 3-4h, cool in air, and then perform tempering treatment at 360-380 ℃.
Has the advantages that: the invention discloses a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein an alloy steel metal liquid casting infiltration ceramic prefabricated body is poured by adopting a casting infiltration method to prepare the ceramic prefabricated body, wherein the ceramic prefabricated body adopts spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles to be matched, the particle sizes of the spherical ceramic particles and the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are controlled to have a synergistic effect, a unique toughening structure is formed between the spherical ceramic particles and an alloy steel matrix, the spherical ceramic particles and the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are cooperated to improve the compressive strength and the bending strength of a single spherical ceramic reinforced composite material, the addition of the spherical ceramic particles can effectively improve the tendency of brittle cracking in the particles caused by stress concentration and strain concentration in the matrix at a sharp corner of the polyhedral ceramic particles with larger sizes, the exposed matrix area among the ceramic particles is reduced, the ceramic particles are not easy to peel off, so that the impact toughness of the composite material is improved, and the prepared composite material shows good impact resistance and wear resistance, the cutting and furrowing effects of the abrasive can be effectively resisted, and the surface layer composite material is prevented from integrally falling off under the condition of receiving a higher impact load; the ceramic particles and the alloy steel matrix are tightly combined by adopting a negative pressure casting-infiltration method, the casting-infiltration effect can be improved by the prepared honeycomb-shaped ceramic preform, the ceramic particles are effectively supported by the matrix by the steel alloy metal liquid from multiple directions, good interface combination is formed between the matrix material and the ceramic particles, the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material is improved, the preparation method is simple, and the prepared composite material is suitable for manufacturing wear-resistant working parts such as hammerheads, lining plates, grinding rollers, millstones and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material which is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method;
wherein the alloy steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel;
the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 55 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 40 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 5 wt% of binder; wherein, the spherical ceramic particles are spherical WC ceramic particles with the granularity of 0.5 mm; the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are polyhedral alumina ceramic particles, and the granularity is 0.8 mm; the binder is an epoxy resin binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder; the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 18 vt%;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mold with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing to 30MPa, maintaining the pressure for 3min, molding, demolding, and sintering at 800 ℃ for 1h in vacuum to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating to 400 ℃, closing the mold, vacuumizing, casting alloy steel molten metal casting and infiltrating the preform, and obtaining a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: heating the steel-based composite material to 980 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, cooling in air, and then tempering at 360 ℃.
Example 2
The invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material which is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method;
wherein the alloy steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel;
the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 49 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 49 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 2 wt% of binder; wherein the spherical ceramic particles are spherical ZTA ceramic particles, and the particle size is 0.7 mm; the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are polyhedral WC ceramic particles with the granularity of 1.5 mm; the binder is an epoxy resin binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder; the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 20 vt%;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mold with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing to 33MPa, maintaining the pressure for 4min, molding, demolding, and sintering at 850 ℃ for 1.5h in vacuum to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating to 500 ℃, vacuumizing after mold closing, and casting alloy steel molten metal cast-infiltration preform to obtain a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: heating the steel-based composite material to 990 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, cooling in air, and tempering at 365 ℃.
Example 3
The invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material which is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method;
wherein the alloy steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel;
the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 46 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 50 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 4 wt% of binder; wherein the spherical ceramic particles are spherical ZTA ceramic particles, and the particle size is 0.6 mm; the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are polyhedral aluminum oxide ceramic particles with the granularity of 1.3 mm; the binder is an epoxy resin binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder; the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 23 vt%;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mold with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing to 36MPa, maintaining the pressure for 4min, molding, demolding, and sintering at 900 ℃ for 1.5h in vacuum to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating to 550 ℃, closing the mold, vacuumizing, casting alloy steel molten metal cast infiltration preform, and obtaining a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: heating the steel-based composite material to 1010 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5h, cooling in air, and then tempering at 370 ℃.
Example 4
The invention provides a ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material which is prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method;
wherein the alloy steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel;
the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 55 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 5 wt% of binder; wherein, the spherical ceramic particles are spherical ZTA ceramic particles and spherical WC ceramic particles according to the weight ratio of 3: 1, the granularity is 1.2 mm; the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles are polyhedral aluminum oxide ceramic particles with the granularity of 1.5 mm; the binder is an epoxy resin binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder; the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 25 vt%;
the invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mold with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing to 40MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, molding, demolding, and sintering in vacuum at 1000 ℃ for 2h to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating to 600 ℃, vacuumizing after mold closing, and casting alloy steel molten metal cast-infiltration preform to obtain a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: heating the steel-based composite material to 1020 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, cooling in air, and then tempering at 380 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The difference compared to example 3 is only that the ceramic preform does not contain spherical ceramic particles.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 3 is only that the ceramic preform does not contain non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles.
The properties of the steel-based composites produced in inventive examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were examined and compared with a blank of ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel.
1. Impact abrasive wear
And testing the impact resistance abrasive wear resistance of the steel-based composite material by using an MDL-10 type dynamic load abrasive wear testing machine. The parameters of the tester are: the impact power is 1.5J, the impact frequency is 80 times/min, the abrasive is quartz sand, the abrasive granularity is 10-20 meshes, the quartz sand flow in the test is 60-80kg/h, and the test sample is pre-ground for 10min before the test. The abrasion time of the sample is 120min totally, one grinding pass is set every 30min, four grinding passes are set totally, after each grinding pass technology, the sample is taken down and cleaned by alcohol of an ultrasonic cleaner for 5min, and the weight of the sample is weighed after the sample is dried by electric hot air.
2. Three-body abrasive wear
And testing the three-body abrasive wear performance of the composite material by using an MMH-5 type ring block three-body abrasive wear testing machine. The three-body abrasion adopts quartz sand with the mesh number of 60-80 meshes, the rotating speed of 40r/min, the load of 40N and each abrasion stroke of 30min, and has four abrasion strokes, the sample is cleaned, weighed and weighed after each abrasion is finished, and the mass change after each abrasion is recorded.
3. Hardness of
Cutting the composite material into 10X 20mm sample blocks, grinding and polishing the composite area, placing the composite area on a test bench with the composite area facing upwards, testing by adopting an HR-150DT Rockwell hardness tester, randomly selecting 6 points in the composite area of the sample for measurement and recording, and then calculating the average value of the points. The pressure head is a diamond pressure head, and the pressure maintaining time is 10 s.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results for steel-based composites
As can be seen from Table 1, the properties of the impact abrasives in examples 1-4, such as the total volumetric wear, the volumetric wear and hardness of the three-body abrasives, are all due to the fact that ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel has better properties than steel-based composites with spherical ceramic particles or non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles added singly.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material is characterized by being prepared by pouring an alloy steel molten metal casting infiltration ceramic preform by adopting a casting infiltration method; the ceramic preform consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-55 wt% of spherical ceramic particles, 40-55 wt% of non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles and 2-5 wt% of a binder, wherein the grain diameter of the spherical ceramic particles is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than that of the non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles is less than or equal to 1.5mm, and the alloy steel is high manganese steel; the high manganese steel is ZGMn13Cr2 high manganese steel, and the volume fraction of the ceramic particles in the ceramic preform in the composite material is 18-25 vt%.
2. The ceramic reinforced steel based wear resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein said spherical ceramic grains are one of spherical ZTA ceramic grains, spherical WC ceramic grains or a combination thereof, and the size of said spherical ceramic grains is 0.5-1.2 mm.
3. The ceramic reinforced steel based wear resistant composite material according to any of the claims 1 to 2, wherein said non-spherical polyhedral ceramic grains are one of polyhedral WC ceramic grains, polyhedral alumina ceramic grains or a combination thereof, said non-spherical polyhedral ceramic grains having a grain size of 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
4. Ceramic reinforced steel based wear resistant composite material according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein said binder is an epoxy binder or a phenolic liquid resin binder.
5. A method for producing a ceramic reinforced steel based wear resistant composite material according to any of the claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a ceramic preform: mixing spherical ceramic particles and non-spherical polyhedral ceramic particles, adding a binder, stirring, filling the mixture into a mould with a honeycomb inner cavity, pressurizing, molding, demoulding and vacuum sintering to obtain a honeycomb porous communicated ceramic preform;
s2, preparing a steel-based composite material: fixing the ceramic preform on the inner surface of a casting mold, preheating, closing the mold, vacuumizing, casting alloy steel molten metal cast infiltration preform, and obtaining a steel-based composite material with ceramic particles uniformly distributed on the surface layer of a casting;
s3, heat treatment: and carrying out heat treatment on the steel-based composite material to obtain the steel-based composite material.
6. The method for preparing the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material according to claim 5, wherein in S1, the pressure is increased to 30-40MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 min; preferably, the vacuum sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-2 h.
7. The method for preparing the ceramic reinforced steel based wear-resistant composite material according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the preheating is performed to 400-600 ℃ in S2.
8. The method for preparing the ceramic reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in the step S3, the steel-based composite material is heated to 980 ℃ and 1020 ℃, is subjected to heat preservation for 3 to 4 hours, is subjected to air cooling, and is subjected to tempering treatment at 360 ℃ and 380 ℃.
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